Proposal of screening method for intestinal mucus adhesive lactobacilli using the enzymatic activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)     

Hideki KINOSHITA  Shun IMOTO  Yoshihito SUDA  Mitsuharu ISHIDA  Masamichi WATANABE  Yasushi KAWAI  Haruki KITAZAWA  Koh MIURA  Akira HORII  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):150-158

Adhesion tests are complex, time‐consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P < 0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of sulfotransferase specific to O-22 of 11-hydroxy saxitoxin from the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (dinophyceae)     

Takashi YOSHIDA  Yoshihiko SAKO  Aritsune UCHIDA  Tomonori KAKUTANI  Osamu ARAKAWA  Tamao NOGUCHI  Yuzaburo ISHIDA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):634-642

ABSTRACT: A novel sulfotransferase (O-ST), which transferred the sulfate group of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to O-22 of 11-α,β-hydroxy saxitoxin (STX) and produced GTX2 + 3, was purified to homogeneity from the cytosolic fraction of clonal-axenic vegetative cells of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum GC21V. After four purification steps, including affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, the enzyme was purified 500-fold and the yield was 4%. On affinity chromatography with a PAP-agarose column, O-ST was observed in the bound fraction, and N-ST specific to N-21 of STX and GTX2 + 3 was found in the unbound fraction. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be 65 kDa. Gel filtration chromatography showed a native molecular mass of 67 kDa, indicating that O-ST is a monomeric enzyme. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 35°C. O-ST did not require metal cations for its activity. O-ST required PAPS as the sole source of sulfate. O-ST transferred a sulfate group from PAPS to only O-22 of 11-α,β-hydroxy STX and not to N-21 of these toxins. These observations suggested that two ST, N-ST and O-ST, participate in the sulfation of PSP toxins.  相似文献   

Influence of crop rotation system on the spatial and temporal variation of the soil organic carbon budget in northern Kazakhstan     

Yusuke TAKATA  Shinya FUNAKAWA  Junta YANAI  Azusa MISHIMA  Kanat AKSHALOV  Norio ISHIDA  Takashi KOSAKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(1):159-171

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Development of microparticle diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Toshio  TAKEUCHI  Qiurong  WANG  Hirofumi  FURUITA  Tetsuya  HIROTA  Shuzo  ISHIDA  Hirotoshi  HAYASAWA 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(3):547-554

ABSTRACT:   Two newly designed microparticle diets (MD), with two kinds of peptide (C700 and C800) as a protein source were developed. Microparticle diet Q (MD-Q) contained C700 (molecular weight ∼30 000 Da) and C800 (molecular weight 1000–2000 Da); in contrast, microparticle diet T (MD-T) contained C700 only. Two separate trials, representing larvae from different hatches, were conducted. Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae were fed newly designed MD or a combination of them with live food (LF) between 3 and 10 days after hatching (d.a.h.) in experiment I, or between 11 and 20 d.a.h. in experiment II, and compared them to LF and a commercial diet (CD) feeding groups. The growth and survival rates in both experiments were the highest in the LF treatment. But in the microparticle treatment larvae fed MD-Q had a higher survival rate and better growth than those fed MD-T, either alone or in combination with LF. First-feeding larvae fed on MD-Q had a 20.5% survival rate and 1.12 mm gain by 10 d.a.h. Unfed larvae died within 6 d.a.h. These results indicate that using a mixture of different molecular weight peptides is good protein sources and also this type of microparticle diet can be applied to flounder from larval to juvenile stages.  相似文献   

Trial for detecting carriers with major genes in a selected layer line     

Ayako OCHIAI  Takafumi ISHIDA  Kenji OYAMA  Fumio MUKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(3):195-201

Production traits of a Rhode Island Red layer line were analyzed to detect carrier animals with major genes that influenced a particular trait by applying the major gene index (MGI) approach. This method was used to examine the deviation of predicted breeding values between parents and offspring. Advantages of this method include its simplicity and time‐reducing, cost‐saving benefits compared with any other statistical approach for screening major genes. The layer line had been selected based on the desired gain index for 6 years at the National Livestock Breeding Center, Okazaki station. The line consisted of 125 sires and 2986 dams. Two economic traits as breeding objectives were studied – age at sexual maturity (ASM, days) and egg production efficiency (EP, %). The MGI detected nine sires and 23 dams as carriers with major genes for ASM, and five sires and 26 dams for EP. They were identified as important breeding stock, and pedigree information provided candidates possessing major genes with favorable effect at the founding of the selected layer line. It seems likely that the simple approach of the MGI could be a useful preliminary method for detecting carrier animals with major genes before applying molecular techniques on a sampled population to identify in more detail the existence of major genes and their carriers.  相似文献   

Laccase Gene LAC1 of Colletotrichum lagenarium Is Not Essential for Melanin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity     

Gento TSUJI  Junko FUJIKAWA  Hideaki ISHIDA  Osamu HORINO  Yasuyuki KUBO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):182-190

Laccase has been shown to oxidize 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) in the final step of melanin biosynthesis in several fungi. In this study, a laccase gene (LAC1) was cloned from Colletotrichum lagenarium that synthesizes 1,8-DHN melanin, and characterized. To clone the LAC1 sequences, genomic DNA was subject to polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with degenerate oligonucleotide primers that were designed on the basis of amino acid sequences conserved among characterized laccases from other ascomycetes Botrytis cinerea, Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, and Cryphonectria parasiticus. The LAC1 gene contained an open reading frame composed of 589 codons and three introns of 51, 49, and 57 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence of Lac1p had high similarity to that of laccase from N. crassa and significant homology with those of multicopper blue proteins. Under melanin-induced culture of this fungus, laccase activity significantly increased and LAC1 expression was also detected. However, the lac1Δ mutants retained laccase activity and had no significant phenotypic differences in melanin production or pathogenicity from the wild-type strain. Received 23 February 2001/ Accepted in revised form 29 March 2001  相似文献   

Environmental impacts of a Japanese dairy farming system using whole‐crop rice silage as evaluated by life cycle assessment     

Akifumi OGINO  Motohiko ISHIDA  Tetsuya ISHIKAWA  Atsuo IKEGUCHI  Miyoko WAKI  Hiroshi YOKOYAMA  Yasuo TANAKA  Hiroyuki HIROOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(6):727-736

The objectives of this study were to assess and compare the environmental impacts of two types of dairy farming systems, one of which makes use of whole‐crop rice silage and the other of which is conventional, using life cycle assessment (LCA). The functional unit was defined as 1 kg of 4% fat‐corrected milk (FCM). The processes associated with the dairy farming life cycle, such as feed production, feed transport, animal management including biological activity of the animal, and waste treatment were included within the system's boundaries. Environmental impacts of the rice silage‐using and conventional dairy farming systems were 987 and 972 g CO₂ equivalents for global warming, 6.87 and 7.13 g SO₂ equivalents for acidification, 1.19 and 1.23 g PO₄ equivalents for eutrophication, and 5.53 and 5.81 MJ for energy consumption, respectively. Our results suggest that the dairy farming system using rice silage in Japan has smaller environmental impacts for acidification, eutrophication, and energy consumption, and a larger impact for global warming compared with conventional farming. Further interpretation integrating these impact categories suggested 1.1% lower environmental impact of the rice silage‐using dairy farming system as a whole.  相似文献   

Supplementary effect of peppermint (Mentha × piperita) on dry matter intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production in early lactating dairy cows     

Kenji HOSODA  Hiroki MATSUYAMA  Woong-Yeoul PARK  Takehiro NISHIDA  Motohiko ISHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):503-509

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of peppermint feeding on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production in early lactating cows. Four Holstein cows were offered a diet with 5% dried peppermint and four Holstein cows remained on a diet without 5% of dried peppermint on a dry matter basis. The addition of peppermint to feed did not affect dry matter intake, although the eating time of feed was increased by mixing the feed with peppermint. There were no significant differences in the nutrient digestibilities between the two treatments. The ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acids concentrations were similar in the two treatments, however, peppermint ingestion by cows led to a decrease in ruminal pH. The lowered pH value was within the stable pH condition range. No significant differences in the treatments were observed in milk production or milk composition except for the milk fat content. These results suggest that feeding peppermint to early lactating cows had little effect on their dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sprayed hypochlorous acid solutions for their virucidal activity against avian influenza virus through in vitro experiments     

Hakimullah HAKIM  Chanathip THAMMAKARN  Atsushi SUGURO  Yuki ISHIDA  Akinobu KAWAMURA  Miho TAMURA  Keisuke SATOH  Misato TSUJIMURA  Tomomi HASEGAWA  Kazuaki TAKEHARA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):211-215

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions were evaluated for their virucidal ability against a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV), H7N1. HOCl solutions containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm chlorine (pH 6) or their sprayed solutions (harvested in dishes placed at 1 or 30 cm distance between the spray nozzle and dish) were mixed with the virus with or without organic materials (5% fetal bovine serum: FBS). Under plain diluent conditions (without FBS), harvested solutions of HOCl after spraying could decrease the AIV titer by more than 1,000 times, to an undetectable level (< 2.5 log10TCID₅₀/ml) within 5 sec, with the exception of the 50 ppm solution harvested after spraying at the distance of 30 cm. Under the dirty conditions (in the presence of 5% FBS), they lost their virucidal activity. When HOCl solutions were sprayed directly on the virus on rayon sheets for 10 sec, the solutions of 100 and 200 ppm could inactivate AIV immediately after spraying, while 50 ppm solution required at least 3 min of contact time. In the indirect spray form, after 10 sec of spraying, the lids of the dishes were opened to expose the virus on rayon sheets to HOCl. In this form, the 200 ppm solution inactivated AIV within 10 min of contact, while 50 and 100 ppm could not inactivate it. These data suggest that HOCl can be used in spray form to inactivate AIV at the farm level.  相似文献   

Rumen fermentation,milk production and conjugated linoleic acid in the milk of cows fed high fiber diets added with dried distillers grains with solubles     

Hiroko SHIBATA  Shoko TATENO  Shuhei KANDA  Kazuki TAKAURA  Souichi ISHIDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):106-112

The effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) feeding on rumen fermentation and milk production in cows were evaluated using diets high in neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 45.9–46.6%). The control diet (Control) consisted mainly of hay, corn silage and concentrates. In the experimental diets, the concentrates were replaced with DDGS as 10% dry matter (DM) (10%DDGS) and 20% DM (20%DDGS). Eight cows were used for each 14‐day treatment period. Effect of DDGS feeding on DM intake was not significant. Ruminal volatile fatty acids and ammonia‐N at 5 h after feeding of 20%DDGS were decreased compared to Control, whereas protozoal count at 2 h after feeding of 20%DDGS was higher than that of 10%DDGS. Milk yield of cows fed DDGS diets was greater than that of Control, although percentages of milk protein and solids‐not‐fat were decreased by DDGS diets. The proportions of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 in the milk fat decreased, and those of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increased markedly with elevated DDGS. Increase in trans‐11 C18:1 was observed in the rumen fluid at 5 h after feeding. These findings suggest that DDGS feeding enhanced milk yield, as well as CLA synthesis under a high dietary NDF condition.  相似文献