Protein Composition of Seminal Plasma in Fractionated Stallion Ejaculates     

AM Kareskoski  MM Rivera del Alamo  K Güvenc  T Reilas  JJ Calvete  H Rodriguez‐Martinez  M Andersson  T Katila 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):e79-e84

Seminal plasma (SP) contains several types of compounds derived from the epididymides and accessory glands. The aim of this study was to examine the protein composition of different ejaculate fractions. Trial I: fractionated ejaculates were collected from two normal and two subfertile stallions. Samples containing pre‐sperm fluid and the first sperm‐rich jets (HIGH‐1), the main sperm‐rich portion (HIGH‐2), the jets with low sperm concentrations (LOW), and a combined whole‐ejaculate (WE) sample was centrifuged, and the SP was filtered and frozen. A part of each SP sample was stored (5°C, 24 h) with spermatozoa from HIGH‐2 and skim milk extender. Sperm motility was evaluated after storage in extender mixed with the stallion’s own SP or SP from one of the other stallions (sperm from a normal stallion stored in SP from a subfertile stallion and vice versa). Protein composition was analysed using reverse‐phase liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), N‐terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. The area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) was used for quantitative comparison of proteins within fractions. Trial II: semen samples were collected from seven stallions. Fractions with the highest (HIGH) and lowest (LOW) sperm concentrations and WE samples were examined using SDS‐PAGE and densitometry. No significant differences emerged between fractions in the AUC‐values of the Horse Seminal Protein‐1 (HSP‐1) and HSP‐2 peaks, or the peak containing HSP‐3 and HSP‐4 (HSP‐3/4). Levels of HSP‐1, HSP‐2 and HSP‐3/4 were not significantly correlated with total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility or average path velocity after storage. Significant differences between ejaculate fractions in the amount of different protein groups present in SP were not found in Trial I; but in Trial II, the proteins in the 60–70 kDa range were more abundant in LOW than in HIGH and WE, indicating that this band contained proteins derived mainly from the seminal vesicles, which produce most of the SP in LOW.  相似文献   

U.S. EPA regulation of plant-incorporated protectants: assessment of impacts of gene flow from pest-resistant plants     

Wozniak CA  Martinez JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):5859-5864

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency licenses pesticide-expressing plants under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Transgenes and their pesticidal products represent pesticides under FIFRA and are referred to as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs). When sexually compatible wild relatives (SCWR) are sympatric with PIP crops, there is a need to assess the potential for adverse effects to man and the environment resulting from transgene introgression in accord with FIFRA requirements. Genetic compatibility, introgression, weediness of SCWR × PIP hybrids, seed dispersal, and dormancy, among other parameters, as well as effects on other species (herbivores and beneficial insects), all need to be considered as part of the risk assessment for experimental use under Section 5 or registration under Section 3 of FIFRA. EPA is currently developing data requirements and guidance toward addressing potential gene flow impacts from PIPs.  相似文献   

Disodium-fosfomycin pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in post weaning piglets     

A.L. Soraci  D.S. Perez  G. Martinez  S. Dieguez  M.O. Tapia  F. Amanto  R. Harkes  O. Romano 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(3):498-502

Disodium-fosfomycin pharmacokinetics has been studied in different species after oral, intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. At present there are neither documented clinical experiences of the use of fosfomycin in pigs nor any published studies in weaning piglets, although it is a period of high incidence of infectious diseases. The pharmacokinetics and the bioavailability of sodium fosfomycin were studied in post weaning piglets after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 15 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid ms/ms. After IV administration the area under the fosfomycin concentration:time curve in plasma was AUC_(0–12) of 120.00 ± 23.12 μg h/ml and the volume of distribution (Vd) of 273.00 ± 40.70 ml/kg. The elimination was rapid with a plasma clearance of 131.50 ± 30.07 ml/kg/h and a T_1/2 of 1.54 ± 0.40 h. Peak serum concentration (C_max), T_max, AUC_(0–12) and bioavailability for the IM administration were 43.00 ± 4.10 μg/ml, 0.75 ± 0.00 h, 99.00 ± 0.70 μg h/ml and 85.5 ± 9.90% respectively. Different authors have determined a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₉₀) ranging from 0.25 μg/ml for Streptococcus sp. and 0.5 μg/ml for Escherichia coli. Considering the above, and according to the values of plasma concentration vs time profiles observed in this study, effective plasma concentrations of fosfomycin for sensitive bacteria can be obtained following IV and IM administration of 15 mg/kg in piglets.  相似文献   

The 2010 AAVPT/EAVPT/ECVPT bioequivalence workshop     

Martinez M  Hunter RP  Baynes R  Bermingham E  Claxton R  Cole C  Del Castillo J  Gehring R  Harshman K  Lainesse C  Lucas A  Modric S  Robinson J 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2011,34(2):105-107

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SVEPM 2010--the role of veterinary epidemiology in animal health in the world today     

Martinez TA  Pfeiffer DU  More SJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,100(2):89

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The factors affecting the distribution of babesiosis in dogs in Poland     

Adaszek Ł  Martinez AC  Winiarczyk S 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):160-165

The aim of this paper was to determine the factors affecting the development of canine babesiosis in Poland. The studies included 800 animals from 16 polish voivodeships-districts (50 from each voivodeship) with suspected piroplasmosis. Hematological and molecular tests confirmed infections in 158 animals. Analysis of the genetic material using the Real-Time Sybr Green HRM technique showed that 96 dogs were infected with Babesia canis 18S RNA-A and 62 with B. canis 18S RNA-B. It was observed that the disease occurs more often in eastern Poland (OR: 8.91; CI: 5.7-13.8), in males (OR: 1.04; CI: 0.7-1.5) and especially in rural areas (OR: 1.7; CI: 1.2-2.4). More prone to infection were pure-bred dogs (OR: 2.24; CI: 1.6-3.2), young animals under 1 year old (OR: 0.73; CI: 0.4-1.5), animals that had suffered from babesiosis in the past (OR: 17.9; CI: 10.9-29.2) and those that had not received preventive measures against ectoparasites (OR: 0.32; CI: 0.2-0.5). Knowledge of the factors facilitating the development of canine babesiosis helps to understand the causal connection between the dogs' exposure to the pathogen and the development of the disease and to limit the occurrence of the infection in these animals, to diagnose it early and to start proper treatment before serious complications develop.  相似文献   

Influence of N source on rate of Cl,N, Na and K uptake by cucumber seedlings grown in saline condition     

V. Martinez  A. Cerdá 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):971-983

The influence of two N sources, NO₃ alone and NH₄+NO₃ (2:1) in the external medium on fluxes of Cl, N, Na and K calculated from the total nutrient content per unit root dry weight, were investigated using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings grown in saline conditions. The N source affected the fluxes of the above ions very differently: (a) when only NO₃ was added, the rate of Cl uptake was inhibited whereas the rate of K absorption was stimulated; and (b) by contrast, the presence of NH, in the N source enhanced Cl uptake and inhibited K uptake. The effect on the rates of Na and N uptake was more complex and salinity dependent. The potassium: sodium ratios (K:Na) and potassium: sodium selectivity ratio (S., ) in roots and shoots in relation with the treatments are also presented. Possible reasons of the N source effect on the processes implicated with the response of plants to salinity are also discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of titanium (IV) application on some enzymatic activities in several developing stages of red pepper plants     

M. Carvajal  F. Martinez‐Sanchez  C. F. Alcaraz 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2-3):243-253

The effect of two titanium (IV) compounds, titanium ascorbate and titanium chloride, on some enzymatic activities, such as catalase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase and nitrate reductase in seeds, embryos, and seedlings and adult plants of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), was studied. A stimulatory effect of titanium was observed for every iron‐depending enzyme studied at all developing stages as well as for nitrate reductase but only for whole plants. This occurs because Ti⁺³/Ti⁺⁴ catalizes the activity of iron and enhances iron‐dependent enzymes.  相似文献   

Changes in amino acid and organic acid composition in tomato and cucumber plants in relation to salinity and nitrogen nutrition     

Vicente Martinez  J. Maria Nuñez  Antonio Ortiz  Antonio Cerda 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1359-1368

Under conditions of salt stress, plants show qualitative and quantitative alterations in various organic compounds, such as nitrogen (N) compounds and organic acids. In this work, the effect of different saline levels as well as various N levels, supplied as nitrate (NO₃) or as ammonium (NH₄)+NO₃ on the concentration of amino acids and organic acids in the leaves of tomato and cucumber plants has been studied. The effect of the source of N on individual amino acid contents varied with plant species. Most of the amino acids increased when the concentration of N in the nutrient solution was increased, except when N was added as NH₄+NO₃ for tomato. The effect of salt stress depended on which amino acid was considered. The data also indicate that the effect of salinity on each particular amino acid was greatly dependent on the plant species and N source. Organic acids were differently affected by salinity and by the N source, depending on the plant species. In tomato, the concentrations of short‐chain organic acids were 2–3 times higher in NO₃‐supplied plants than in those grown with NH₄+NO₃. Finally, in cucumber, malic acid concentration increased as a function of the saline level in the medium.  相似文献   

Antigenotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Acerola Fruit (Malpighia glabra L.) at Two Stages of Ripeness     

Nunes Rda S  Kahl VF  Sarmento Mda S  Richter MF  Costa-Lotufo LV  Rodrigues FA  Abin-Carriquiry JA  Martinez MM  Ferronatto S  Ferraz Ade B  da Silva J 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):129-135

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of acerola fruit at two stages of ripeness were investigated using mice blood cells. The results show that no ripeness stage of acerola extracts presented any genotoxic potential to damage DNA (Comet assay) or cytotoxicity (MTT assay). When antigenotoxic activity was analyzed, unripe fruit presented higher DNA protection than ripe fruit (red color) extract. The antioxidant capacity of substances also showed that unripe samples inhibit the free radical DPPH more significantly than the ripe ones. The results about determination of compounds made using HPLC showed that unripe acerola presents higher levels of vitamin C as compared to ripe acerola. Thus, vitamin C and the complex mixture of nutrients of Malpighia glabra L., and especially its ripeness stages, influenced the interaction of the fruit extract with the DNA. Acerola is usually consumed when ripe (red fruit), although it is the green fruit (unripe) that has higher potential as beneficial to DNA, protecting it against oxidative stress.  相似文献