宁夏引黄灌区玉豆间作和带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响     

杨玲  郭茹  刘洋  钱锐  梁霞  张鹏  蔡铁  任小龙  贾志宽 《西北农业学报》2022,30(6):755-765

探索间作及带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响,提出适合宁夏灌区的种植模式。试验于2019—2020年,在宁夏王团旱作节水高效农业试验站开展,设置玉米/大豆间作(IMS)、玉米-大豆带状轮作(RMS)、单作玉米(MM)、单作大豆(SS)4种种植模式。结果表明,与单作玉米相比,带状轮作处理使玉米拔节期至成熟期干物质积累量增加9.58%～11.45%,且与间作相比,干物质积累量增加4.29%～7.53%。带状轮作种植模式下玉米对氮素的积累量、转运量及籽粒贡献率比间作提高2.19%、30.44%和19.86%。带状轮作和间作处理土壤含水量比单作分别提高5.64%和3.98%,且主要分布于0～140 cm土层,带状轮作处理玉米水分利用效率较单作增加38.00%,且比间作增加15.61%。与单作玉米相比,间作处理提高玉米产量11.3%,降低大豆产量51.39%;玉豆带状轮作处理弱化了种间竞争力,使玉米产量提高21.98%,大豆产量下降22.91%。因此,带状轮作种植模式在水分利用效率、干物质积累、氮素转运及产量方面优势明显,可作为宁夏引黄灌区的一种有效替代种植模式。  相似文献   

油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的变异分析     

伊六喜  萨如拉  范鑫  赵灿  李茹  斯钦巴特尔 《中国农业科技导报》2022,24(5):56-67

为深入了解油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的遗传变异,以253份油用亚麻种质为研究对象,在3个环境下（内蒙古呼和浩特市、集宁市和锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗）对其全生育天数、株高、工艺长度、单株果数、每果粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和分枝数8个农艺性状及棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、粗脂肪含量6个品质性状进行鉴定。结果表明,8个农艺性状的变异系数为5.66%~42.65%;6个品质性状的变异系数为4.10%~30.14%。全生育天数在太仆寺旗表现最长,为112.51 d;千粒重和单株粒重在集宁地区表现最大,分别为5.94和0.55 g;果粒数和单株果数在呼和浩特地区表现最多,分别为5.65和16.90;粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量在太仆寺旗地区表现最大,分别为39.53%和53.45%;亚油酸和棕榈酸含量在集宁地区最大,分别为16.41%和5.09%;油酸和硬脂酸含量在呼和浩特地区表现最大,分别为24.03%和8.31%。聚类分析表明,253份油用亚麻种质被划分为4个类群,相同地理来源的油用亚麻种质被聚到1个类群,为油用亚麻种质资源的收集保存与繁殖提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

微喷带抗堵塞性能影响因素试验研究     

魏榕  王文娥  胡笑涛  王文娟  徐茹  王宇 《节水灌溉》2021,(3):64-68

为探究泥沙浓度与进口压力对微喷带堵塞的影响,采用含沙水短周期连续灌溉的试验方法,将粒径小于1 mm的泥沙,配置成3种泥沙浓度的浑水,分别在4种进口压力下,观测微喷带单循环孔组流量变化,结合孔组相对流量分析微喷带堵塞规律.结果表明:在本次试验的泥沙粒径条件下,相同进口压力下,微喷带孔组堵塞程度并不完全随浑水含沙量增大而增大;同一泥沙浓度时,进口压力低于额定工作压力时易造成喷孔堵塞.泥沙浓度与进口压力均对微喷带抗堵塞性能影响显著,利用含有泥沙粒径与级配与本次试验相似的含沙水灌溉时,应尽量避免泥沙浓度为1.0 g/L,并使用较高的首部压力或在灌溉结束时用高于工作压力(不高于爆破压力)的首部压力冲洗微喷带.  相似文献   

Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems     

Godoy-Olmos  Sergio  Jauralde  Ignacio  Monge-Ortiz  Raquel  Milián-Sorribes  María C.  Jover-Cerdá  Miguel  Tomás-Vidal  Ana  Martínez-Llorens  Silvia 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):581-606

Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was raised in six individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) whose biofilters’ performance was analyzed. Fish were fed with three different diets (a control diet, a fishmeal-based diet (FM), and a plant meal-based diet (VM)) and with three different feeding strategies (manual feeding to apparent satiation, automatic feeding with restricted ration, and auto-demand feeding). For every combination of diet and feeding strategy, the mean oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and ammonia removal rate were determined. Fish fed with the VM diet consumed the most oxygen (20.06?±?1.80 gO₂ consumed kg^?1 day^?1). There were significant differences in ammonia excretion depending on the protein content and protein efficiency of the diet, as well as depending on feeding strategy, which in turn affected ammonia removal rates. Fish fed by auto-demand feeders led to the highest mean ammonia removal rate (0.10 gN-TAN removed m^?2 biofiltration area day^?1), while not leading to peaks of high ammonia concentration in water, which preserve fish welfare and growth.

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Marketing of meat sheep with intensive finishing in southern state of Mexico     

Jaime Mondragón-Ancelmo  Juvencio Hernández-Martínez  Samuel Rebollar-Rebollar  Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem  Rolando Rojo-Rubio  Ignacio Arturo Domínguez-Vara  Anastacio García-Martínez 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1427-1433

The objective of the present study was to quantify the marketing margins of cold sheep carcass and barbacoa meat in the southern state of Mexico. Data were obtained from the production chain links (production, industrialization, and marketing) where the marketing margins were calculated along with the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio. In the absolute marketing margin of the final consumer price per kilogram of carcass meat, the producer obtained US$2.7/kg (47 %) of the utilities, while the intermediaries obtained US$3.1/kg (53 %). Considering the final cooked product in barbacoa (typical dish), the margin was US$6.3/kg (29 %) for the producer and US$15.2/kg (71 %) for the intermediaries. The B/C ratio was 1.0, 1.1, 2, and 1.3 for the producer, stocker, butcher, and barbacoa seller, respectively. It is concluded that the best marketing channel for the producer was the producer-stocker-processor (butcher and barbacoa seller). The highest marketing margin was for the intermediaries followed by the producer. The order of importance of the B/C kilogram ratio of meat was for the butcher first, then barbacoa seller, and lastly stocker and producer.  相似文献   

Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against B. ovis infection in mice     

Pedro Soler-Lloréns  Yolanda Gil-Ramírez  Ana Zabalza-Baranguá  Maite Iriarte  Raquel Conde-álvarez  Amaia Zú?iga-Ripa  Beatriz San Román  Michel S Zygmunt  Nieves Vizcaíno  Axel Cloeckaert  María-Jesús Grilló  Ignacio Moriyón  Ignacio López-Go?i 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):72

Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis.  相似文献   

杜鹃红山茶在海南中部地区扦插育苗技术研究     

林玲  冯家平  陈侯鑫  章进光  王如  黄川腾 《热带林业》2014,(4):12-14

为掌握杜鹃红山茶引种到海南中部地区的扦插育苗技术,通过扦插实验实验表明:杜鹃红山茶在11月的扦插生根效果最好,9月与3月的生根率也达到80%以上,故较好的扦插时节在中秋后至入夏之前;使用浓度为500mg/L的NAA浸泡枝条下部,生根率最高;半木质化的插穗生根效果最好;基质则以红壤土体积:河沙体积=1:1的混合基质效果最理想。  相似文献   

用地高辛标记的PCR－ELISA技术快速检测转基因鱼   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

陈茹  林志雄  刘琳琳  朱道中  罗长保  颜思通 《中国水产科学》2001,8(4):13-17

取含有小鼠重金属螯合蛋白（mMT)基因启动子及人生长激素（hGH)基因的鱼样品，以Qiagene核酸纯化技术对鱼组织DNA进行纯化。常规PCR检测显示，mMT启动基因和hGH基因的PCR产物分别为240bp和130bp，与设计相符。PCR产物的核酸测序结果证实其扩增产物具特异性。地高辛-PCR（Dig-PCR)标记反应显示，2个基因均产生1条Dig标记的特异产物带。Dig-PCR-ELISA检测敏感性试验显示，对mMT启动子和hGH基因的检测敏感性可达10^-3，与常规PCR结合琼脂糖胶电泳检测方法相比，检测敏感性可提高至100-1000倍。试验证明，针对mMT和hGH基因所建立的Dig-PCR-ELISA技术特异可靠。  相似文献   

Effect of increasing levels of seven tree species extracts added to a high concentrate diet on in vitro rumen gas output     

Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem  Ahmed E. Kholif  Mona M. Y. Elghandour  Saul R. Hernandez  Ignacio A. Domínguez‐Vara  Miguel Mellado 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(9):853-860

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Celtis pallida, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Fraxinus excelsior, Ficus trigonata, Phoradendrom brevifolium and Prunus domestica on in vitro gas production (GP) and ruminal fermentation of a high concentrate diet. Plant extracts were prepared at 1 g dry matter (DM)/8 mL of solvent mixture (methanol : ethanol : water, 1:1:8) and added at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM of a high concentrate diet. In vitro GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Increasing addition of extracts linearly increased (P < 0.001), the GP₂₄, GP₄₈ and GP₇₂ (mL/g DM), and linearly decreased (P < 0.001), the discrete GP lag time. Moreover, increasing extract doses linearly increased (P < 0.001) the asymptotic GP and decreased (P < 0.001) the rate of GP. GP₆ was not impacted by treatments and GP₁₂ increased linearly (P = 0.01) with increasing addition of extracts. Rumen pH declined linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of extracts added. As no interactions (P > 0.05) occurred between the extracts and doses, it could be conclude that all extracts positively modified rumen fermentation at doses of 1.2 to 1.8 mL extract/g diet DM.  相似文献   

Parallel testing of plasma iron and fibrinogen concentrations to detect systemic inflammation in hospitalized horses     

Ignacio Corradini DVM  MSc  Lara Armengou DVM  PhD  DECEIM  Judit Viu DVM  MSc  Maria L. Rodríguez‐Pozo DVM  Carla Cesarini DVM  MSc  DACVIM  DECEIM  Eduard Jose‐Cunilleras DVM  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(4):414-420

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