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81.
Jaime Mondragón-Ancelmo Juvencio Hernández-Martínez Samuel Rebollar-Rebollar Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem Rolando Rojo-Rubio Ignacio Arturo Domínguez-Vara Anastacio García-Martínez 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1427-1433
The objective of the present study was to quantify the marketing margins of cold sheep carcass and barbacoa meat in the southern state of Mexico. Data were obtained from the production chain links (production, industrialization, and marketing) where the marketing margins were calculated along with the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio. In the absolute marketing margin of the final consumer price per kilogram of carcass meat, the producer obtained US$2.7/kg (47 %) of the utilities, while the intermediaries obtained US$3.1/kg (53 %). Considering the final cooked product in barbacoa (typical dish), the margin was US$6.3/kg (29 %) for the producer and US$15.2/kg (71 %) for the intermediaries. The B/C ratio was 1.0, 1.1, 2, and 1.3 for the producer, stocker, butcher, and barbacoa seller, respectively. It is concluded that the best marketing channel for the producer was the producer-stocker-processor (butcher and barbacoa seller). The highest marketing margin was for the intermediaries followed by the producer. The order of importance of the B/C kilogram ratio of meat was for the butcher first, then barbacoa seller, and lastly stocker and producer. 相似文献
82.
Pedro Soler-Lloréns Yolanda Gil-Ramírez Ana Zabalza-Baranguá Maite Iriarte Raquel Conde-álvarez Amaia Zú?iga-Ripa Beatriz San Román Michel S Zygmunt Nieves Vizcaíno Axel Cloeckaert María-Jesús Grilló Ignacio Moriyón Ignacio López-Go?i 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):72
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis. 相似文献
83.
84.
取含有小鼠重金属螯合蛋白(mMT)基因启动子及人生长激素(hGH)基因的鱼样品,以Qiagene核酸纯化技术对鱼组织DNA进行纯化。常规PCR检测显示,mMT启动基因和hGH基因的PCR产物分别为240bp和130bp,与设计相符。PCR产物的核酸测序结果证实其扩增产物具特异性。地高辛-PCR(Dig-PCR)标记反应显示,2个基因均产生1条Dig标记的特异产物带。Dig-PCR-ELISA检测敏感性试验显示,对mMT启动子和hGH基因的检测敏感性可达10^-3,与常规PCR结合琼脂糖胶电泳检测方法相比,检测敏感性可提高至100-1000倍。试验证明,针对mMT和hGH基因所建立的Dig-PCR-ELISA技术特异可靠。 相似文献
85.
Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem Ahmed E. Kholif Mona M. Y. Elghandour Saul R. Hernandez Ignacio A. Domínguez‐Vara Miguel Mellado 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(9):853-860
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Celtis pallida, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Fraxinus excelsior, Ficus trigonata, Phoradendrom brevifolium and Prunus domestica on in vitro gas production (GP) and ruminal fermentation of a high concentrate diet. Plant extracts were prepared at 1 g dry matter (DM)/8 mL of solvent mixture (methanol : ethanol : water, 1:1:8) and added at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM of a high concentrate diet. In vitro GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Increasing addition of extracts linearly increased (P < 0.001), the GP24, GP48 and GP72 (mL/g DM), and linearly decreased (P < 0.001), the discrete GP lag time. Moreover, increasing extract doses linearly increased (P < 0.001) the asymptotic GP and decreased (P < 0.001) the rate of GP. GP6 was not impacted by treatments and GP12 increased linearly (P = 0.01) with increasing addition of extracts. Rumen pH declined linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of extracts added. As no interactions (P > 0.05) occurred between the extracts and doses, it could be conclude that all extracts positively modified rumen fermentation at doses of 1.2 to 1.8 mL extract/g diet DM. 相似文献
86.
87.
Ana Bartual Néstor Arandia-Gorostidi Andrés Cózar Soledad Morillo-García María Jesús Ortega Montserrat Vidal Ana María Cabello Juan Ignacio González-Gordillo Fidel Echevarría 《Marine drugs》2014,12(2):682-699
Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are organic compounds mainly produced by diatoms, after cell wounding. These compounds are increasingly reported as teratogenic for species of grazers and deleterious for phytoplanktonic species, but there is still scarce information regarding concentration ranges and the composition of PUAs in the open ocean. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution and the type of aldehydes produced by the large-sized (>10 μm) phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean surface. Analyses were conducted on PUAs released after mechanical disruption of the phytoplankton cells, referred to here as potential PUAs (pPUAs). Results show the ubiquitous presence of pPUA in the open ocean, including upwelling areas, as well as oligotrophic gyres. Total pPUA concentrations ranged from zero to 4.18 pmol from cells in 1 L. Identified PUAs were heptadienal, octadienal and decadienal, with heptadienal being the most common (79% of total stations). PUA amount and composition across the Atlantic Ocean was mainly related to the nitrogen:phosphorus ratio, suggesting nutrient-driven mechanisms of PUA production. Extending the range of trophic conditions considered by adding data reported for productive coastal waters, we found a pattern of PUA variation in relation to trophic status. 相似文献
88.
Lynsey Macintyre Tong Zhang Christina Viegelmann Ignacio Juarez Martinez Cheng Cheng Catherine Dowdells Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen Christine Gernert Ute Hentschel RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel 《Marine drugs》2014,12(6):3416-3448
Marine invertebrate-associated symbiotic bacteria produce a plethora of novel secondary metabolites which may be structurally unique with interesting pharmacological properties. Selection of strains usually relies on literature searching, genetic screening and bioactivity results, often without considering the chemical novelty and abundance of secondary metabolites being produced by the microorganism until the time-consuming bioassay-guided isolation stages. To fast track the selection process, metabolomic tools were used to aid strain selection by investigating differences in the chemical profiles of 77 bacterial extracts isolated from cold water marine invertebrates from Orkney, Scotland using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Following mass spectrometric analysis and dereplication using an Excel macro developed in-house, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to differentiate the bacterial strains based on their chemical profiles. NMR 1H and correlation spectroscopy (COSY) were also employed to obtain a chemical fingerprint of each bacterial strain and to confirm the presence of functional groups and spin systems. These results were then combined with taxonomic identification and bioassay screening data to identify three bacterial strains, namely Bacillus sp. 4117, Rhodococcus sp. ZS402 and Vibrio splendidus strain LGP32, to prioritize for scale-up based on their chemically interesting secondary metabolomes, established through dereplication and interesting bioactivities, determined from bioassay screening. 相似文献
89.
聚合物包膜控释肥料是实现化肥提质增效的新型肥料之一,其控释效果依赖于包膜材料。控释肥料养分释放后的残留膜壳是农业土地上微塑料的重要来源,膜壳及其降解产物是否对土壤质量安全造成影响尚不清楚。本文综合了国内外膜壳残留及其降解的研究进展,从聚合物包膜控释肥料残留膜壳在农田中的累积现状、降解性能研究及其对土壤物理–化学–生物学效应等土壤质量参数的影响进行了阐述,包括:1)现有文献指出,控释肥料膜壳在农田中的累积量与施用量基本相同,其在不同类型农田土壤及不同土层中的赋存、分布和累积现状不同;2)不同类型控释肥料膜壳在土壤中的降解过程主要与聚合物材质相关,降解率可通过聚合物材料改性来提高,其降解过程、产物及机制值得探索;3)控释肥料膜壳降解产物对土壤物理、化学、生物学性状及作物生长的影响程度取决于聚合物材料类型、累积量及土壤类型。短期内低浓度的膜壳累积对土壤理化性质、土壤生物及作物生长无不良影响,长期累积或高浓度下膜壳影响土壤质量变化的阈值亟需明确。据此,进一步提出,1)应广泛开展不同种类控释肥料膜壳在农田中的赋存、分布和累积的现场监测评估工作;2)开发控释肥料膜壳及其次级降解物分离提取、鉴定和定量表征的分析技术和方法,建立健全标准化方法;3)了解控释肥料膜壳及其降解产物在土壤中的去向和迁移过程及其对不同类型土壤及不同作物品种的影响,探寻膜壳残留量与效应之间的关系及其影响机制;4)研制开发天然、生物及可降解控释肥料膜材,研究膜壳降解与养分释放之间的相互关系,构建新型可生物降解控释肥料膜壳降解与养分释放关系数据模型,以期为聚合物包膜控释肥料的应用、开发及标准的制定提供科学依据。 相似文献
90.
为获得最优黄芪ISSR-PCR反应体系,以山西省浑源县官儿乡蒙古黄芪为试验材料,利用单因素试验法对反应体系中的4个因素(模板DNA,dNTPs,Taq DNA聚合酶,ISSR引物)分别设置浓度梯度进行体系优化。结果表明,20μL黄芪ISSR-PCR最优体系为:模板DNA质量浓度6.0 ng/μL,dNTPs浓度0.03 mmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度0.05 U/μL,引物浓度0.80 mmol/L。最后用不同产地的黄芪检测该体系,结果发现,PCR产物多态性良好。优化体系的确立为今后黄芪种质资源的分子评价奠定了技术基础。 相似文献