不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对羊粪堆肥腐熟度及温室气体排放的影响     

王海候  吕志伟  金梅娟  沈园  陶玥玥  周新伟  施林林  李茹  陆长婴 《农业环境科学学报》2024,43(3):696-703

为优化羊粪堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排协同的技术工艺参数,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物炭为堆肥辅料,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9∶1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭(占预备物料质量百分比15%)为BC450、BC650处理,在预备物料上添加未热解炭化的稻壳(与稻壳生物炭同等体积)为CK处理。监测了堆肥温度、腐熟度指标(NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N、EC值、种子发芽指数)、温室气体(CH₄、CO₂、N₂O)排放的变化动态,分析了不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排的协同效果。结果表明：添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭,缩短了堆肥体NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N、T值、EC值及种子发芽指数达到腐熟度推荐值的所需时间,与CK处理相比,BC450、B...  相似文献   

重庆市农村人居环境整治特色及存在问题与对策     

韦秀丽  蒋滔  高立洪  刘明  王冰  毕茹 《贵州农业科学》2020,48(9):142-146

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异质性农户碳汇供给水平及其影响因素分析     

董莹莹  陈儒  张兴  姜志德 《北方园艺》2018,(6):175-185

将农户的兼业化水平视为农户异质性的重要表现,结合实地调研的农户数据,首先对农业生产过程中的农作物碳汇供给进行测算;然后运用有序多分类Logistic回归模型分析不同兼业化水平下农户的农作物碳汇量的影响因素。结果表明:不同兼业化水平的农户在农作物碳汇供给上存在一定的差异,低兼业水平农户的户均碳汇供给量高于高兼业水平农户,且粮食作物生产为农作物碳汇供给的主要来源;在经济作物碳汇供给方面,低兼业水平农户倾向于进行草本经济作物碳汇供给,高兼业水平农户更倾向于进行木本经济作物碳汇供给。户主的个体特征、家庭特征、专业知识获取和社会关系网络特征对农作物碳汇供给产生了一定的影响,不同兼业化水平农户的共同影响因素源于实际经营的土地面积、是否接受过技术指导,家庭劳动力投入、是否使用互联网对低兼业水平农户的农作物碳汇供给产生正向显著影响,而是否加入合作社、是否经常与城里熟人联系则对高兼业水平农户的农作物碳汇供给影响更为显著。此外,非农收入与农业收入差距的持续增大会抑制农作物碳汇供给水平。  相似文献   

三种大黄不同炮制品对大承气汤小鼠泻下作用比较研究     

邱美雁  魏江存  张如  谢臻  江先再  韩倩  赵凤仙 《湖北农业科学》2020,59(2):128-132

研究生大黄、醋大黄和大黄炭的大承气汤对其泻下作用的差异性,将96只试验小鼠随机分为阳性对照组及空白对照组、生DCQ 6、10 g/kg剂量组、醋DCQ 6、10 g/kg剂量组和炭DCQ 6、10 g/kg剂量组,按20 mL/kg的剂量给药后,分别用代谢笼积分法、炭末推进作用及Na~+-K~+-ATPasc活性试验,比较生大黄、醋大黄和大黄炭的大承气汤对小鼠的正常泻下作用、炭末推进率及Na~+-K~+-ATPasc活性的差异。结果表明,生大黄、醋大黄和大黄炭对大承气汤的泻下作用的影响有差异,但其变化差异在一定程度上与生大黄、醋大黄和大黄炭存在着联系。生DCQ组、醋DCQ组和炭DCQ组与空白对照组及阳性对照组比较,其对正常小鼠正常泻下作用、炭末推进作用、抑制Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性的作用有差异,且给药组间比较,生DCQ组泻下作用的影响差异最显著。  相似文献   

GA3与CPPU对蓝莓结实生理的影响研究     

唐雪东  王宇航  耿佳麒  雷蕾  许茹  李亚东 《吉林农业科学》2021,46(4):91-95

以'瑞卡'蓝莓品种为试材,于花前和花后应用不同浓度GA3、CPPU浸蘸结果枝,研究其对蓝莓结实生理的影响.结果 表明:与对照相比,100 mg/L GA3可使蓝莓花期提前3d,75 mg/L GA3可提高8.9％的坐果率.10 mg/L CPPU可使果实花色苷含量增加12.7％.分析得出:较高浓度GA3可以促使蓝莓花期提前,提高坐果率,增加果实糖含量.较低浓度CP-PU可显著增加果实可滴定酸、维生素C和花色苷含量.最适宜蓝莓生长的外源GA3浓度为75 mg/L,CPPU浓度为10 mg/L,在此浓度下蓝莓结果生长综合质量最佳.  相似文献   

Physiological and anatomical traits associated with tolerance to long‐term partial submergence stress in the Lotus genus: responses of forage species,a model and an interspecific hybrid     

Cristian Javier Antonelli  Pablo Ignacio Calzadilla  Juan Manuel Vilas  María Paula Campestre  Francisco Jos Escaray  Oscar Adolfo Ruiz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(1):65-76

Cattle production based on natural pastures is often subject to flooding periods, which affect plant performance and as a result, forage production. Although most forage legumes are not tolerant to flooding, Lotus spp. are outstanding alternatives, since species, such as L. tenuis (Lt) and L. corniculatus (LcT), have high forage quality and are adaptable to different environments. We recently obtained a L. tenuis × L. corniculatus hybrid (LtxLc) with potential new cultivar traits, although its tolerance to flooding stress has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, the performance of LtxLc, its parental diploid accessions, the model legume L. japonicus and tetraploid LcT were evaluated under 55 days of partial submergence stress and a 35‐day recovery period. Physiological, morphological and anatomical traits were analysed, showing that tolerance to partial submergence was positively associated with aerenchyma and adventitious root formation and relative growth rates. Overall, Lt and LtxLc showed the best responses under stress and during the recovery period. Nevertheless, the higher forage value of LtxLc makes it recommendable for use in environments affected by flooding. Our results could be used as breeding criteria for the generation of new cultivars tolerant to partial submergence stress.  相似文献   

辣椒新品种陇椒12 号的选育     

王兰兰  陈灵芝张　茹　魏兵强 《中国蔬菜》2019,1(3):73-75

陇椒12 号是以1035 为母本，以1031 为父本配制而成的辣椒一代杂种。熟性早，果实羊角形，果色绿，果长26cm，果肩宽3.4 cm，果肉厚0.27 cm，单果质量67 g，味辣，抗CMV，中抗TMV，商品性好。产量5 000 kg·（667 m²）^-1 左右，适宜在我国西北地区保护地和露地栽培。  相似文献   

基于GM(1,1)模型的不同措施下陕西省苹果园化肥消耗量预测分析     

杨莉莉  胡凡  李水利  李茹  石磊  同延安 《中国农学通报》2020,36(23):74-80

为了明确优化配置肥料资源和减少果园化肥消耗量的合理措施,本研究结合陕西省苹果园当前施肥情况及养分高效管理措施,利用GM(1,1)模型对陕西省苹果园化肥用量进行预测。结果表明：预计到2025年陕西省苹果使用化肥纯养分N、P₂O₅、K₂O的消耗量将分别达87.28万t、55.29万t、38.64万t,增长量为目前的74.3%。2025年所有苹果园实现推荐施肥的情况下,化肥N、P₂O₅、K₂O的节省总量将达36.21万t,节省的化肥总量占预测的当年苹果园肥料总消耗量的20%;水肥一体化实施面积比例占总种植面积的20%的情况下,则N、P₂O₅、K₂O总量可节省18.12万t,节省的化肥总量占预测的当年苹果园肥料总消耗量的10%。因此,在果园积极推行推荐施肥或水肥一体化,化肥消耗量均能明显降低,利于中国果园的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioavailability in Various Soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

José Martin Soriano-Disla  Tom W. Speir  Ignacio Gómez  Lynne M. Clucas  Ron G. McLaren  José Navarro-Pedreño 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):471-483

The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different methods (heavy metals in pore water (PW), diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, and total heavy metals (THM) in soil) for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability from soils having various properties and heavy metal contents. The effect of soil heavy metal pollution on shoot yield and sulfatase enzyme activity was also studied. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown in different soils from Spain (n?=?10) and New Zealand (n?=?20) in a constant environment room for 25 days. The bioavailabilities of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were assessed by comparing the metal contents extracted by the different methods with those found in the roots. The most widely applicable method was DGT, as satisfactory Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn root concentrations were obtained, and it was able to distinguish between low and high Cr values. The analysis of the metal concentrations in PW was effective for the determination of Cr, Ni, and Zn content in root. Copper and Pb root concentrations were satisfactorily assessed by DTPA extraction, but the method was less successful with determining the Ni and Cr contents and suitable just to distinguish between high and low concentrations of Zn. The THM in soil method satisfactorily predicted Cu and Pb root concentrations but could only be used to distinguish between low and high Cr and Zn values. The Cd root concentration was not successfully predicted for any of the used methods. Neither shoot yield nor sulfatase enzyme activity was affected by the metal concentrations.  相似文献   

Formulation engineering can improve the interfacial and foaming properties of soy globulins     

Ruíz-Henestrosa VP  Sanchez CC  Rodríguez Patino JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6339-6348

In this contribution, we have analyzed the effect of different strategies, such as change of pH (5 or 7) or ionic strength (at 0.05 and 0.5 M), and addition of sucrose (at 1 M) and Tween 20 (at 1 x 10(-4) M) on interfacial characteristics (adsorption, structure, dynamics of adsorption, and surface dilatational properties) and foam properties (foam capacity and stability) of soy globulins (7S and 11S at 0.1 wt %). We have observed that (1) the adsorption (presence of a lag period, diffusion, and penetration at the air-water interface) of soy globulins depends on the modification in the 11S/7S ratio and on the level of association/dissociation of these proteins by varying the pH and ionic strength (I), the effect of sucrose on the unfolding of the protein, and the competitive adsorption between protein and Tween 20 in the aqueous phase. The rate of adsorption increases at pH 7, at high ionic strength, and in the presence of sucrose. (2) The surface dilatational properties reflect the fact that soy globulin adsorbed films exhibit viscoelastic behavior but do not have the capacity to form a gel-like elastic film. The surface dilatational modulus increases at pH 7 and at high ionic strength but decreases with the addition of sucrose or Tween 20 into the aqueous phase. (3) The rate of adsorption and surface dilatational properties (surface dilatational modulus and phase angle) during adsorption at the air-water interface plays an important role in the formation of foams generated from aqueous solutions of soy globulins. However, the dynamic surface pressure and dilatational modulus are not enough to explain the stability of the foam.  相似文献