Organic complexed superphosphates (CSP): physicochemical characterization and agronomical properties     

Erro J  Urrutia O  Baigorri R  Aparicio-Tejo P  Irigoyen I  Torino F  Mandado M  Yvin JC  Garcia-Mina JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(8):2008-2017

A new type of superphosphate (organic complexed superphosphate (CSP)) has been developed by the introduction of organic chelating agents, preferably a humic acid (HA), into the chemical reaction of single superphosphate (SSP) production. This modification yielded a product containing monocalcium phosphate complexed by the chelating organic agent through Ca bridges. Theoretically, the presence of these monocalcium-phosphate-humic complexes (MPHC) inhibits phosphate fixation in soil, thus increasing P fertilizer efficiency. This study investigateed the structural and functional features of CSP fertilizers produced employing diverse HA with different structural features. To this end were used complementary analytical techniques: solid-phase 31P NMR, 13C NMR, laser-confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and molecular modeling. Finally, the agronomical efficiency of four CSP have been compared with that of SSP as P sources for wheat plants grown in both alkaline and acidic soils in greenhouse pot trials under controlled conditions. The results obtained from the diverse analytical studies showed the formation of MPHC in CSP. Plant-soil studies showed that CSP products were more efficient than SSP in providing available phosphate for wheat plants cultivated in various soils with different physicochemical features. This fact is probably associated with the ability of CSP complexes to inhibit phosphate fixation in soil.  相似文献   

Penicillium chrysogenum: Phenol Degradation Abilities and Kinetic Model     

Erika A. Wolski  Ignacio Durruty  Patricia M. Haure  Jorge F. González 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2323-2332

Phenol is a typical contaminant of the environment generated by many industries. Several fungi had been reported to degrade phenol as the only source of carbon and energy, but many of them are not useful to apply in soil bioremediation process. In this work, we study the dynamics of phenol degradation by a Penicillium chrysogenum, isolated from soil. Degradation of phenol was studied at room temperature and resting mycelium conditions. High specific degradation rates were obtained. Inhibition was observed on the specific growth rate (30?mg?l¹) and the degradation rate (200?mg?l^?1). Experimental results were fitted to several models during exponential phase, with the Andrews-Haldane model given the best fit. Dynamic mass balance equations for biomass and phenol during the exponential and stationary growth phases were solved and compared very satisfactorily to experimental outcomes. P. chrysogenum degrades phenol completely during the exponential and stationary growth phases. The results obtained are relevant for its practical applications in soil decontamination processes. Model predictions were satisfactory. This is the first work which describes a kinetic model for phenol biodegradation using a filamentous fungus considering both, exponential and stationary phases, and the first one in which a Penicillium isolate is used.  相似文献   

Soil organic matter evolution after the application of high doses of organic amendments in a Mediterranean calcareous soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sergio González-Ubierna  Ignacio Jorge-Mardomingo  Beatriz Carrero-González  María Teresa de la Cruz  Miguel ángel Casermeiro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(8):1257-1268

Purpose

We investigate the coevolution of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil properties in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem, as well as the 1-year evolution of the different pools of soil organic and inorganic carbon and their influence on soil respiration after the application of a single high dose of three different organic amendments.

Material and methods

We applied a single high dose (160?Mg?ha^?1 in dry weight (DW)) of three types of organic amendments: aerobically digested sewage sludge (AE), anaerobically digested sewage sludge (AN), and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), in a calcareous Mediterranean soil. The study area is located in the southeast of Madrid (Spain), characterized by a Mediterranean climate with a marked seasonal and daily contrast. We analyzed different forms of soil organic and inorganic carbon and soil respiration rates. The measurements have been performed quarterly for 1?year.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the coevolution of SOM and soil largely depends on the origin and composition of the organic amendments used. The AN sludge affected the soil chemistry more. The organic matter (OM) provided by AE treatments underwent more intense mineralization processes than AN, with the OM from MSWC being more stable. This behavior could be explained by the different pools of carbon involved in each case. The treatments contributed differently to soil respiration rates following the sequence: AE > AN > MSWC. The application of organic amendments in calcareous Mediterranean soils also modified the inorganic carbon pools.

Conclusions

SOM and soil coevolution after organic amendments application depends on the origin and chemical composition of the inputs. The decision-making process of urban organic waste application with regard to agricultural policy must take into account the different behavior in soil of the different types of amendments.  相似文献   

OPTIMIZATION OF VERMICOMPOST AND WORM-BED LEACHATE FOR THE ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF RADISH     

Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli  María Angela Oliva Llaven  Paula Mendoza Nazar  Benigno Ruíz Sesma  José David Álvarez-Solís  Luc Dendooven 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1642-1653

Vermicompost and worm-bed leachate (WBL) are two products obtained from vermicomposting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of vermicompost and WBL on cultivating radish (Raphanus sativus L.). A multilevel factorial design with 25 treatments was used to investigate the effect of vermicompost at 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% and WBL at 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% on germination and growth parameters. A maximum seed germination of 54%, number of leaves (2.8), and plant height (8.6 cm) were obtained with 10% vermicompost and 10% WBL. A maximum shoot (7.0 g) and root (7.3 g) dry weight was obtained with 10% vermicompost and 15% WBL. Vermicompost and worm-bed leachate have an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations on seed germination and plant growth. These inhibitory effects might be due to increased salt concentrations, pH or auxin-like effects of humic and fulvic acids.  相似文献   

除草剂对蚕豆、油菜田小籽虉草的防除效果和安全性评价     

吴兴仙#  严牙丽#  沈云峰  傅杨  李铷  汤东生 《植物保护》2021,47(6):339-346

小籽虉草Phalaris minor是近年来危害云南中西部地区冬季作物田的恶性杂草。云南冬季作物以阔叶作物为主, 有必要开展在阔叶作物田小籽虉草的化学防除效果研究。本研究在室内和田间测试了108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、240 g/L烯草酮EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC、5%唑啉草酯EC等7种阔叶作物田茎叶处理剂对小籽虉草的防效以及对油菜和蚕豆的安全性。室内研究结果表明, 药后30 d, 5%唑啉草酯EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC、10%精喹禾灵EC在推荐剂量作用下对小籽虉草的鲜重防效超过90%, 杂草植株表现明显枯死症状, 并且安全性指数均大于2; 240 g/L烯草酮EC的株防效较差, 鲜重防效也低于50%; 其他药剂的鲜重防效为80%左右。田间药效试验表明, 5%唑啉草酯EC防效最优, 接近95%, 108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC和12.5%烯禾啶EC等防效能达到90%, 其他药剂的防效也超过80%, 所有药剂对油菜和蚕豆均安全。以上结果表明, 当前大多数阔叶作物田禾本科杂草除草剂对小籽虉草高效, 对作物安全, 控制小籽虉草的备选除草剂品种较多。  相似文献   

园林植物反季节种植技术探讨     

钟汝 《杂粮作物》2013,(3)

对园林植物反季节种植关键技术进行了探讨,包括反季节种植植物的选择、苗木起挖、起苗运输、土壤处理及种植穴准备、修剪整形及种植等方面,为园林绿化植物的移植及应用提供了参考依据.  相似文献   

Sponge-Derived Kocuria and Micrococcus spp. as Sources of the New Thiazolyl Peptide Antibiotic Kocurin     

Sara Palomo  Ignacio González  Mercedes de la Cruz  Jesús Martín  José Rubén Tormo  Matthew Anderson  Russell T. Hill  Francisca Vicente  Fernando Reyes  Olga Genilloud 《Marine drugs》2013,11(4):1071-1086

Forty four marine actinomycetes of the family Microccocaceae isolated from sponges collected primarily in Florida Keys (USA) were selected from our strain collection to be studied as new sources for the production of bioactive natural products. A 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains are members of the genera Kocuria and Micrococcus. To assess their biosynthetic potential, the strains were PCR screened for the presence of secondary metabolite genes encoding nonribosomal synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthases (PKS). A small extract collection of 528 crude extracts generated from nutritional microfermentation arrays was tested for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites against clinically relevant strains (Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans). Three independent isolates were shown to produce a new anti-MRSA bioactive compound that was identified as kocurin, a new member of the thiazolyl peptide family of antibiotics emphasizing the role of this family as a prolific resource for novel drugs.  相似文献   

Kocurin,the True Structure of PM181104, an Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Thiazolyl Peptide from the Marine-Derived Bacterium Kocuria palustris     

Jesús Martín  Thiciana da S. Sousa  Gloria Crespo  Sara Palomo  Ignacio González  José R. Tormo  Mercedes de la Cruz  Matthew Anderson  Russell T. Hill  Francisca Vicente  Olga Genilloud  Fernando Reyes 《Marine drugs》2013,11(2):387-398

  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection in equids     

Ignacio García-Bocanegra  Antonio Arenas-Montes  Esther Hernández  Łukasz Adaszek  Alfonso Carbonero  Sonia Almería  Juan Antonio Jaén-Téllez  Pedro Gutiérrez-Palomino  Antonio Arenas 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):172-178

A cross-sectional study was carried out on equids (horses, mules and donkeys) in Andalusia, Southern Spain, to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis and to investigate risk factors associated with these infections. At least one animal seropositive for Theileria equi and/or Babesia caballi was detected in 222/380 (58.4%) herds sampled by competitive inhibition ELISAs. The seroprevalences for B. caballi and T. equi were 13.2% and 56.1%, respectively; there was serological evidence of co-circulation of both piroplasms in 10.8% of herds. Antibodies against equine piroplasms were detected in 286/537 (53.3%) animals; 61 (11.4%) were seropositive for B. caballi, 270 (50.3%) were seropositive for T. equi and 24 (8.4%) were seropositive for both T. equi and B. caballi.There was a significantly higher seroprevalence of B. caballi in mules (32.1%) compared with donkeys (17.0%) and horses (7.9%), and a significantly higher seroprevalence of T. equi in mules (66.1%) in comparison with horses (48.6%), but not donkeys (47.2%). There were significant differences in prevalence of both piroplasms among locations; the seroprevalence of B. caballi ranged from 0 to 22.5%, while the seropositivity to T. equi ranged from 26.7 to 63.3%. A multiple logistic regression model indicated that the risk factors associated with a higher T. equi seroprevalence were increased age, presence of ticks and vaccination against other diseases. Risk factors associated with a higher seroprevalence of B. caballi were species (mules compared to horses), entry of horses in the last 6 months, presence of ticks and presence of shelter. The findings indicate widespread exposure to equine piroplasmosis in Southern Spain.  相似文献   

不同培养基对辣椒花药培养的影响     

张茹  魏兵强  陈灵芝  王兰兰 《甘肃农业科技》2015,(7):25-28

以6个辣椒品种为试材,采用正交试验,研究不同培养基,添加不同浓度的NAA、6-BA,采取不同低温处理时间对辣椒花药培养愈伤组织诱导率的影响。结果表明,甜椒类型愈伤组织诱导率较辣椒类高,MS培养基添加0.50 mg/L NAA及0.50 mg/L 6-BA、低温处理48 h的诱导效果最为显著。  相似文献