Bioactive Compounds from Theobroma cacao: Effect of Isolation and Safety Evaluation     

de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea  María  Fernández de las Nieves  Ignacio  Aguilera Saez  Luis Manuel  Fernández-Arroyo  Salvador  Legeai-Mallet  Laurence  Bouaziz  Mohamed  Segura-Carretero  Antonio 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):40-46

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Plants, including most food and feed plants, produce a broad range of bioactive chemical compounds. Among these compounds, polyphenols are reported to provide...  相似文献   

Determinants of barley grain yield in a wide range of Mediterranean environments     

Enrico Francia  Alessandro Tondelli  Fulvia Rizza  Franz W. Badeck  Orazio Li Destri Nicosia  Taner Akar  Stefania Grando  Adnan Al-Yassin  Abdelkader Benbelkacem  William T.B. Thomas  Fred van Eeuwijk  Ignacio Romagosa  A. Michele Stanca  Nicola Pecchioni 《Field Crops Research》2011

Barley grain yield in rainfed Mediterranean regions can be largely influenced by terminal drought events. In this study the ecophysiological performance of the ‘Nure’ (winter) × ‘Tremois’ (spring) barley mapping population (118 Doubled Haploids, DHs) was evaluated in a multi-environment trial of eighteen site–year combinations across the Mediterranean Basin during two consecutive harvest years (2004 and 2005). Mean grain yield of sites ranged from 0.07 to 5.43 t ha⁻¹, clearly dependent upon both the total water input (rainfall plus irrigation) and the water stress index (WSI) accumulated during the growing season. All DHs were characterized for possessing molecular marker alleles tagging four genes that regulate barley cycle, i.e. Vrn-H1, Vrn-H2, Ppd-H2 and Eam6. Grain yield differences were initially interpreted in terms of mean differences between genotypes (G), environments (E), and for each combination of genotype and environment (GE) through a “full interaction” ANOVA model. Variance components estimates clearly showed the greater importance of GE over G, although both were much lower than E. Alternative linear and bilinear models of increasing complexity were used to describe GE. A linear model fitting allelic variation at the four genes explained genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction much better than growth habit itself. Adaptation was primarily driven by the allelic constitution at three out of the four segregating major genes, i.e. Vrn-H1, Ppd-H2 and Eam6. In fact, the three genes together explained 47.2% of G and 26.3% of GE sum of squares. Grain yield performance was more determined by the number of grains per unit area than by the grain weight (phenotypic correlation across all genotypic values: r = 0.948 and 0.559, respectively). The inter-relationships among a series of characters defining grain yield and its components were also explored as a function of the length of the different barley developmental phases, i.e. vegetative, reproductive, and grain filling stages. In most environments, the best performing (adapted) genotypes were those with faster development until early occurrence of anthesis. This confirmed the crucial role of the period defining the number of grains per unit area in grain yield determination under Mediterranean environments.  相似文献   

Comparison of DOP and DRIS Methods for Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Vitis vinifera L., Cv. Tempranillo     

Ignacio Martín  Izaskun Romero  Natalia Domínguez  Ana Benito  Enrique García-Escudero 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(3):375-386

Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) and Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) are methodologies for leaf analysis interpretation. DOP calculates the deviation as a percentage for each essential element while DRIS calculates the average deviation for different ratios that include each element. A vine survey was undertaken for 11 years in La Rioja, northeastern Spain, to establish nutritional references for cv. ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.). Diagnosis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were performed by DRIS and DOP on the dataset for leaf blade and petiole, at both flowering (n = 684) and veraison (n = 801) with a moderate-yield criterion (3,800–10,000 kg·ha^?1). Important differences between DOP and DRIS were found when a diagnosis using the same dataset was performed. In spite of the differences, the regression equations obtained are an acceptable adjustment between both methods for phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in blades and petioles, and for potassium (K) in blades.  相似文献   

Surface disinfection of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis,Kaup 1858) eggs using iodine          下载免费PDF全文

Ignacio Martín  Inmaculada Rasines  Marcos Gómez  Cristina Rodríguez  Gloria Gradillas  Olvido Chereguini 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):2019-2026

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Rainbow trout effects on zooplankton in the reproductive area of the critically endangered hooded grebe          下载免费PDF全文

Julio Lancelotti  María Cristina Marinone  Ignacio Roesler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(1):128-136

Effect of Arthrospira supplementation on Oreochromis niloticus gut microbiota and flesh quality     

Ignacio Plaza  Jos Luis García  Beatriz Galn  Jesús de la Fuente  Rubn Bermejo‐Poza  Morris Villarroel 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1448-1458

Supplementing fish feed with Arthrospira platensis has several beneficial effects, such as improved growth, survival and feed conversion, but little is known about how it affects gut microbiota or flesh quality. In this trial, feed with 3% A. platensis was given to Oreochromis niloticus (SPR, spirulina supplemented) over a period of 50 days and their gut microbiota and flesh quality were compared with controls (CTRs, no supplementation). Average daily growth was higher in SPR fish (p < 0.05). Regarding microbiota, a total of 5,470,272 readings (individuals) were obtained from 16 gut samples (n = 8 CTR, n = 8 SPR), with a gamma diversity of 1,563 species but no significant differences were found between treatments. Among the high inter‐individual variability found, some individual microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria (36.6%) and Fusobacteria (32.9%) and others more by Actinobacteria (37%). Regarding flesh quality, significant differences were observed in flesh colour post‐mortem (a*, b* and chroma) (p < 0.05), with higher reflectance in the range of 470–500 and 620–670 nm in SPR tilapia, which corresponds with the reflectance range of β‐carotene and phycocyanin. However, rigor mortis was resolved earlier in SPR fish (p < 0.05), which suggests a shorter shelf life. Adding 3% of A. platensis in O. niloticus diet can improve growth and flesh colour and does not appear to modify intestinal microbiota.  相似文献   

Captive breeding of Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793) and its conservation importance     

Keiko Nakamura  Eva Elbaile  Carlos Salinas  Francesc Mesquita‐Joanes  Ronaldo Sousa  Joaquín Guerrero‐Campo  Imanol Ruiz‐Zarzuela  Ignacio de Blas 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(10):1771-1784

Evaluating the behaviour of vertical structure indices in Scots pine forests     

Ignacio Barbeito  Isabel Cañellas  Fernando Montes 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(7):710-710

? Stand structure indices would appear to be good surrogate measures for biodiversity in forest ecosystems.

? The vertical structure of Pinus sylvestris L. stands in Central Spain was analysed in order to evaluate their structural diversity. A comparison between two forests with similar ecological conditions but managed under different silvicultural systems was conducted in order to analyse changes in diversity at different stages of stand development. Height diversity was quantified using two non-spatially explicit indices (Shannon’s index and STVI) as well as two spatially explicit indices (Gadow’s differentiation index and the Structure complexity index). A new diversity index was then proposed, based on the sum of square roots of height differences (SQRI).

? Correlations between all vertical structure indices were highly significant. All indices showed that height diversity was greater in the forest with the longer regeneration period and where less intensive thinnings were applied throughout the rotation. Diversity was highest in uneven-aged stands and in the period between the regeneration stage and the first thinning. Thinning from below accounted for the decrease in vertical structure complexity throughout the rotation in even-aged stands.

? The results show that height distribution along with successional stage data enhance the analysis of vertical diversity since structural complexity is highly related to the silvicultural practices that are carried out at different ages.

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Marine Terpenic Endoperoxides     

Irene Torres-García  Josefa L. Lpez-Martínez  Manuel Muoz-Dorado  Ignacio Rodríguez-García  Miriam lvarez-Corral 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Organic extracts of marine invertebrates, mainly sponges, from seas all over the world are well known for their high in vitro anticancer and antibiotic activities which make them promising sources of compounds with potential use as pharmaceutical leads. Most of the structures discovered so far have a peculiar structural feature in common: a 1,2-dioxane ring. This is a highly reactive heterocycle that can be considered as an endoperoxide function. Together with other structural features, this group could be responsible for the strong biological activities of the substances present in the extracts. Numerous research programs have focused on their structural elucidation and total synthesis since the seventies. As a consequence, the number of established chiral centres and the similarity between different naturally occurring substances is increasingly higher. Most of these compounds have a terpenoid nature, mainly diterpene and sesterterpene, with several peculiar structural features, such as the loss of one carbon atom. Although there are many reviews dealing with the occurrence of marine peroxides, their activities, or potential pharmaceutical uses, no one has focused on those having a terpene origin and the endoperoxide function. We present here a comprehensive review of these compounds paying special attention to their structural features and their biological activity.  相似文献   

Maërl community in the north‐western Iberian Peninsula: a review of floristic studies and long‐term changes     

Viviana Peña  Ignacio Bárbara 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(4):339-366

• 1. A review of floristic studies on the Galician maërl community (north‐west Spain) and updated information on the distribution of maërl beds, their associated flora and long‐term changes is presented.
• 2. The Galician maërl community has been poorly studied; most of the previous studies were of short duration and focused on isolated beds. Studies on the associated maërl flora and overall Galician maërl bed distribution are required to put these in context with other Atlantic and Mediterranean European areas.
• 3. A literature review of all Galician studies produced a list of 198 maërl associated species (204 infraspecific taxa including life history stages) recorded from a total of 111 maërl beds. The current survey (2003–2006) increased the Galician maërl epiflora records to 226 species (232 intraspecific taxa including life history stages: 9 Cyanophyta, 160 Rhodophyta, 36 Heterokontophyta and 27 Chlorophyta), highlighting the occurrence of 10 non‐native species. The current Galician catalogue is compared with maërl studies from different Atlantic and Mediterranean regions.
• 4. In order to assess the long‐term changes in Galician maërl beds and their conservation status, 60 maërl beds which have been previously studied by various different workers were resampled to compare their current distribution, area and cover with historical data from the literature.
• 5. A reduction in the study area of maërl beds and their cover was detected. Most of the lost maërl areas were within or in the vicinity of myticulture areas where burial of maërl by fine sediment has a deleterious effect.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献