Ammonium nitrate-impregnated woodchips: a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for plants     

Sheikh Ali Ahmed  Jong In Kim  Kyung Mi Park  Su Kyoung Chun 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(4):295-301

Different types of fertilizers are widely used throughout the world for successful crop production. Chemical fertilizers have some adverse effects on the environment if used indiscriminately and are a major source of soil and water pollution. To minimize environmental pollution, use of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) in agricultural practices is an important and effective method. Different materials have been used so far to formulate SRF, but SRF from wood is a unique technique which reflects a new dimension of wood use. In this aspect, present study was designed to develop a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer using three kinds of woodchips: Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), eunsasi poplar (Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee), and konara oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.). Fertilizers were prepared from woodchips after full-cell treated with a saturated solution (2140 g/l at 25°C) of ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃). The morphology of woodchip fertilizer was investigated by using a field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer to locate NH₄NO₃ in woodchips. Deposition of nitrogen in the cell lumen was verified by FE-SEM. Deposition inside the cell wall was confirmed by EDX mapping. This study also evaluated the release pattern of nitrogen from impregnated woodchips in distilled water for 768 h and found that nitrogen was released from poplar, pine, and oak in a slow-release pattern. The encapsulated nutrient in the void volume of wood facilitated the slow release. The above findings confirm that woodchip fertilizers can be used as a slow-release nitrogen source for plants.  相似文献   

Survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus galloprovincialis in pine branches and wood packaging material     

E. Sousa  P. Naves  L. Bonifácio  L. Inácio  J. Henriques  H. Evans 《EPPO Bulletin》2011,41(2):203-207

Survival and development of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode) was studied for up to 40 weeks in Pinus pinaster sawn wood and branches: 30 boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm), 30 long‐blocks (1200 × 95 × 95 mm), 10 pine branches with bark and nine branches without bark (1200 mm long). The nematode was found in all materials and through the entire sampling period, with higher abundance in the sawn wood (boards and long‐blocks). In the initial period B. xylophilus reproduced abundantly and a population peak was detected at 8–12 weeks. Subsequently, the populations declined and became dominated by third‐stage resistant larvae (J_III), and in the final sample nematode abundance was very low. Nematode decline in the wood was correlated with a decrease in the moisture content (MC) to below fibre saturation. Survival of the insect vector Monochamus galloprovincialis was also assessed in sawn boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm, n = 31) and blocks (160 × 95 × 95 mm, n = 40). The majority of the larvae were killed when sawing the wood, although some adults successfully emerged from the boards (10% survival) and blocks (37%). These results represent a contribution to the quantification of the risks of dispersing pine wilt disease through wood packaging materials, confirming that untreated wood can support healthy and abundant B. xylophilus populations for sufficient time for vectors surviving the sawing process to complete their development, to emerge and disperse the nematode.  相似文献   

Determination of the Bioavailable Fraction of Cu and Zn in Soils Amended with Biosolids as Determined by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), BCR Sequential Extraction, and Ryegrass Plant   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

In??s Ahumada  Loreto Ascar  Cristina Pedraza  Viviana V??squez  Adriana Carrasco  Pablo Richter  Sally Brown 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,219(1-4):225-237

This study assessed the effect of biosolids applied at rates, 0, 30, 45, and 60?Mg?ha^?1 on the chemical associations and bioavailability of Cu and Zn in soils from an important agricultural zone of the Metropolitan Region in Central Chile. Three methods were used to determine the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in soils: ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, and Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction. The DGT effective concentration (C _E) and sequential extract acid soluble fraction of the BCR extraction (most labile fraction of the soils, normally associated with bioavailability) were compared with total metal concentration in ryegrass plants as a means to compare the chemical and biological measures of bioavailability. Total Zn was higher in comparison to Cu for all treatments. Concentrations were within the limits set by the Chilean regulations for land-applied biosolids. Metals in the control soil were primarily found in the residual fraction of soils. Biosolids application generally decreased this fraction, with a subsequent increase observed mainly in the acid soluble fraction. The contents of Cu and Zn in ryegrass plants increased with increasing rates of biosolids. Comparison of the Cu and Zn content in ryegrass plants with C _E, showed a good correlation for Zn. However, the C _E for soil Cu was only related to plant Cu for some of the soils studied. Correlation between Zn in ryegrass plants and the labile fraction of Zn as measured by the sequential extraction was excellent, with correlation coefficients >0.9, while for Cu, correlation coefficients were lower.  相似文献   

Ribosomal protein s3 immunoreactivity in the young, adult and aged gerbil hippocampus     

Lee CH  Yoo KY  Choi JH  Hwang IK  Choi SY  Won MH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):361-365

Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is well known to participate in DNA repair mechanisms. In the present study, we compared rpS3 immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampus among young, adult and aged gerbils. In the postnatal month (PM) 3 group as the young, rpS3 immunoreaction was observed in pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells of the hippocampus proper and in granule and polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus. In the PM 12 group as adult and 24 group as the aged, rpS immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was decreased compared to the PM 3 group. Western blot analysis showed that rpS3 levels were decreased with time; lowest at PM 24. These results indicate that rpS3 immunoreactivity and protein levels were markedly decreased in the aged gerbil hippocampus.  相似文献   

Effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles and enzyme premix supplements on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs     

Sung Dae LEE  Hyun Jung JUNG  Kyu Ho CHO  Jun Cheol PARK  In Cheul KIM  Pil Nam SEONG  Young Min SONG 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):461-467

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme premix (mannanase + phytase) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. Sixty hybrid pigs (L × LW × D) with initial weight of 63.92 ± 1.50 kg were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with main effects of DDGS levels (0, 10 and 20%) and enzyme premix levels (0% vs. 0.14%). Average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) were decreased due to an increased level of DDGS additive while the feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by adding enzyme premix. The diet cost/gain (won/kg) was saved (P < 0.01) due to an increased level of DDGS additive. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of Longissimus dorsi muscle by DDGS level and enzyme premix. Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) decreased (P < 0.05) according to DDGS level. The results indicate that DDGS may be used in feeds for finishing pig as a replacement of corn and soybean meal without affecting their carcass characteristics and meat quality.  相似文献   

胚胎移植受体黄牛的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李国江  王成哲 《中国牛业科学》1997,23(4):26-28,31

试验期内共选择受体黄牛５９头，冻胚移植３３头，选择移植率达５５．５％，妊娠１１头，移植受胎率达３３．３％，分娩９头，妊娠产犊率达８１．８％，经过选牛实足和资料整理，从中得出几项有价值的数据。  相似文献   

对影响飞播成效因子的研究 研究对象区为内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区     

魏江生  董智  左合君 《干旱区资源与环境》2004,(Z3)

为了防止沙漠化的进一步扩展,于1983～1995年期间,在鄂尔多斯地区飞播了 12万hm2,在这里使用138个飞播区的调查数据,首先对适宜飞播植物种和合理的播种量进 行了探讨,得到如下结论:①在鄂尔多斯地区适宜飞播的植物种有杨柴、籽蒿、沙打旺、草苜蓿。 ②由于种子处理技术的应用,低播种量6.0-7.0kg/ha取得了良好的飞播成效。其次用Ⅰ类 数量化理论对播种时间、沙丘高度、沙丘密度、播前自然植被覆盖率与播后植被覆盖率的关系 进行了探讨,得到如下结论:①适宜的播种时间为5月25日-6月25日。②适宜的播区立地 条件为沙丘平均高度为10m以下,沙丘密度低于75%,播前自然植被覆盖率为12-25%。  相似文献   

Age-related changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunoreactivity and protein level in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region     

Choi JH  Lee CH  Hwang IK  Won MH  Seong JK  Yoon YS  Lee HS  Lee IS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1131-1136

Microglia are evenly distributed throughout the brain parenchyma. They respond rapidly to a variety of alterations in the microenvironment of the brain and act as sensors for pathological events in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the age-dependent changes in the immunoreactivity and protein level of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), a microglial marker, in the CA1 region of the gerbil hippocampus. Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia were detected in the hippocampal CA1 region of the postnatal month 1 (PM 1) group. Iba-1 positive microglia were morphologically inactive between the PM 1 and PM 12 stages. Some Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia were present in the active form in the hippocampal CA1 region of the PM 18 and PM 24 groups. The Iba-1 protein levels in hippocampal CA1 homogenates were decreased in the PM 1 through PM 6 groups and increased in an age-dependent manner thereafter. These results suggest that Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia in the active form were detected in the hippocampal CA1 region in the PM 18 and PM 24 groups. This result may be associated with an age-dependent susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases associated with the hippocampus.  相似文献   

Effects of beet pulp supplementation on growth performance,fecal moisture,serum hormones and litter performance in lactating sows          下载免费PDF全文

Pinyao Zhao  Zhengfan Zhang  In Ho Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(6):610-616

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of beet pulp supplementation on growth performance, fecal moisture, serum hormones and litter performance in lactating sows. Ninety primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments in a 21‐day trial starting 3 days before parturition. The three dietary treatments were supplemented with 0, 10 and 20% beet pulp, respectively. Backfat loss and fecal moisture content were increased (P < 0.05), where cortisol and norepinephrine levels were decreased (P < 0.05) in sows fed beet pulp supplementation diets compared with control diet, but there was no difference between 10% and 20% beet pulp supplementation treatments. No effect was observed on bodyweight, average daily intake, weaning to estrus interval, epinephrine level in sows and litter weight, litter size, survivability in piglets among dietary treatments. Taken together, beet pulp supplementation has no significant effect of growth performance of lactating sows and piglets with decreased cortisol and norepinephrine levels in lactating sows, but it can increase fecal moisture content which is beneficial for sow feces excretion.  相似文献   

Comparative efficacy of up to 50% partial fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal or enzymatically prepared soybean meal on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Jin Suk Jeong  In Ho Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(6):624-633

This study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of partial fish meal (FM) replacement (up to 50%) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM; SoELAB, PepSoyGen and Soytide) or enzymatically prepared SBM (HP 300) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs. A total of 100 weaned pigs (body weight 6.59 ± 0.29 kg) were used in experimental feeding trials, lasting for up to 6 weeks, and were randomly allotted to five groups with four block replicates of five pigs per pen serving as one block. Dietary treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FM, (ii) 50% FM + 50% SoELAB‐54, (iii) 50% FM + 50% PepSoyGen, (iv) 50% FM + 50% Soytide and (v) 50% FM + 50% HP 300. Concerning growth performance, none of the treated SBM preparations demonstrated any significantly different effect compared with FM treatment. With respect to nutrient digestibility, SoELAB and HP 300 treatments demonstrated no significant difference compared with FM treatment. Lastly, none of the SBM preparations demonstrated any significant differences in animal fecal score and all of the differentially treated SBM increased fecal Lactobacillus counts, while maintaining similar Escherichia coli counts compared with FM treatment.  相似文献