Proposed Indices for Assessing Soil Pollution Under the Application of Sludge     

Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis  Prodromos H. Koukoulakis  Georgia Ntzala  Aristotelis H. Papadopoulos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5189-5196

The assessment of soil pollution with heavy metals has been studied, based on experimental soil and plant analytical heavy metal data obtained by a pot experiment conducted during 2010?C2011 in a green house. A completely randomized block design was used, including the following sludge treatments (in tons per hectare): 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and (30+treated wastewater) in four replications. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) var. longifolia was used as a test plant. Three indices were proposed, i.e., (1) elemental pollution index, (2) heavy metal load, and (3) total concentration factor. They were found to be linearly and statistically significantly related to the pollution load index, which was used as a reference index, and curvilinearly related to lettuce dry matter yield. It was concluded that the above indices could be used for the assessment of soil pollution level.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments of the Hellenic coastal zone, eastern Mediterranean: levels, sources and toxicological significance     

Fotini Botsou  Ioannis Hatzianestis 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(2):265-277

Purpose  

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in sediments, particularly near areas of intense human activities. Due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic behaviour, PAHs are classified as priority contaminants to be monitored in environmental quality control schemes. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of PAHs in major coastal areas of Greece that receive various pressures, investigate their sources and evaluate their potential toxicity by comparison against effects-based Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG).  相似文献   

Simulation of Groundwater Flow in a Sedimentary Aquifer System Subjected to Overexploitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andreas Kallioras  Fotios Pliakas  Ioannis Diamantis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,211(1-4):177-201

Groundwater flow models are applied to a large variety of hydrogeological conditions in different aquifer types, in order to simulate the groundwater flow of the investigated system. This paper aims to present the application of a groundwater flow model for the simulation of a sedimentary aquifer, located in Northern Greece. The simulation involves the period between April 2003 and April 2004, and the model is divided into two distinct stress periods, each containing two different time steps. The simulation of the aquifer is found to be satisfactory, conclusion which is based on both graphical as well as arithmetical verifications. The groundwater flow simulation was achieved by the application of the MODFLOW code.  相似文献   

Evidence for dissociation of TLR mRNA expression and TLR agonist-mediated functions in bovine macrophages     

Franchini M  Schweizer M  Mätzener P  Magkouras I  Sauter KS  Mirkovitch J  Peterhans E  Jungi TW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,110(1-2):37-49

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Successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest associated with extradural lidocaine in a dog     

Savvas I  Anagnostou T  Papazoglou LG  Raptopoulos D 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2006,33(3):175-178

BACKGROUND: Extradural lidocaine exerts several adverse effects which are seldom fatal. While cardiac arrest following extradural lidocaine injection has been reported in human beings, it has not hitherto been reported in dogs. OBSERVATIONS: The emergency management of a dog with complete urethral obstruction is described. We intended to perform vaginoscopy and cystostomy under extradural lidocaine anaesthesia, but cardiac asystole occurred a few minutes after injection. Resuscitation was successful. About 20 minutes later cardiac arrest recurred, and was treated successfully. The dog remained hypothermic for approximately 7 hours. Complete recovery without neurological deficit occurred the next day and the dog remained normal for at least 3 months. The probable cause of the problem was cranial lidocaine dispersion causing a drop in cardiac preload and cardiac arrest. The successful neurological outcome was attributed to early diagnosis and effective treatment. Hypothermia may have conferred cerebral protection during ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Extradural local anaesthetic administration is not without risk and the technique should be tailored to individual animals. Constant monitoring is required to detect potentially fatal complications and increase the likelihood of successful outcome.  相似文献   

Encapsulation of olive leaf extract in beta-cyclodextrin     

Mourtzinos I  Salta F  Yannakopoulou K  Chiou A  Karathanos VT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(20):8088-8094

Olive leaf extract, rich in oleuropein, formed an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) upon mixing of the components in aqueous media and subsequent freeze-drying. Inclusion complex formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC thermograms indicated that the endothermic peaks of both the olive leaf extract and the physical mixture of olive leaf extract with beta-CD, attributed to the melting of crystals of the extract, were absent in DSC thermogram of inclusion complex. Moreover, DSC studies under oxidative conditions indicated that the complex of olive leaf extract with beta-CD was protected against oxidation, since it remained intact at temperatures where the free olive leaf extract was oxidized. Phase solubility studies afforded A L type diagrams, 1:1 complex stoichiometry, a moderate binding constant ( approximately 300 M (-1)), and an increase of the aqueous solubility by approximately 50%. The formation of the inclusion complex was also confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of beta-CD solutions in the presence of both pure oleuropein and olive leaf extract. The NMR data have established the formation of a 1:1 complex with beta-CD that involves deep insertion of the dihydroxyphenethyl moiety inside the cavity from its secondary side.  相似文献   

Steps forward for Greece     

NM Stavrakakis  I Tsaknis  MT Stoumboudi 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6095):644-645

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光照对断奶仔猪早期饲料采食量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁森泉  林颖 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2003,23(1):29-30

断奶后最初两周的饲料采食量对后来整个保育期的性能都有重要影响 ,甚至对直到上市日龄的性能也具有重要的后续影响。例如 ,早期的研究表明 ,断奶后第一周内采食足够的饲料以至每天生长 2 5 0克的猪与同一时期勉强维持其断奶体重的仔猪相比 ,可提早 10天达到上市体重。因此 ,应该把可提高早期断奶仔猪早期采食量的营养和管理措施看作是对猪一生的投资。光照和光照周期对断奶后早期饲料采食量产生的影响不太清楚 ,但最近的研究得出了足以提出一些初步的实用建议。荷兰的第一项试验荷兰的研究人员对断奶后单独饲喂的仔猪研究了其早期采食量与…  相似文献   

Boron toxicity in kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa), treated with nitrate,ammonium, and a mixture of both     

Thomas E. Sotiropoulos  Ioannis N. Therios  Kortessa N. Dimassi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(4):529-532

The objective of this research was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) forms (NO₃^–, 2.6 mM; NH₄⁺, 2.6 mM; NO₃^–, 1 mM + NH₄⁺, 1.6 mM) on the growth and mineral composition of kiwifruit plants exposed to three boron (B) levels (0.025, 0.1, 0.3 mM). The kiwifruit plants were grown in a 1:1 sand : perlite mixture and irrigated daily with nutrient solutions. Shoot height, mean shoot dry weight, the number of leaves, mean leaf dry weight, and N concentration of NH₄‐treated plants were significantly higher compared to the NO₃^– treatment at all B levels. The concentration of 0.3 mM B significantly reduced shoot height for all N treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms appeared 14 days after starting the experiment, when plants were treated with 0.1 and/or 0.3 mM B. The nitrate supply reduced the B concentration of roots, but B levels of different leaf parts were hardly affected by the N form. Furthermore, the NH₄‐N form significantly reduced the Mg concentration of the leaves.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary dried tomato pulp on oxidative stability of Japanese quail meat     

Botsoglou N  Papageorgiou G  Nikolakakis I  Florou-Paneri P  Giannenas I  Dotas V  Sinapis E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(10):2982-2988

Ninety, 21-day-old, Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) divided into three groups with five subgroups each were fed a basal diet that served as control or a basal diet containing 5 or 10% of dried tomato pulp (DTP), a byproduct of the tomato-processing industry. The DTP contained lycopene and beta-carotene at 281 and 24.3 mg kg(-)(1) of dry weight, respectively. On day 42 of age, birds were slaughtered, and carcasses were trimmed for breast meat. To assess the effect of dietary treatment on the oxidative stability of raw and cooked meat, raw meat was subjected to iron-induced lipid oxidation, whereas both raw and cooked meats were subjected to refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. The extent of lipid oxidation was determined on the basis of the malondialdehyde (MDA) formed through the use of third-order derivative spectrophotometry. Results showed that after 6 and 9 days of refrigerated storage, MDA values in raw meat were increased. The increase was higher (P < 0.05) for the 10% DTP group and lower (P < 0.05) for the 5% DTP group, compared to control. An analogous oxidation profile was observed for cooked meat at 3, 6, and 9 days of storage. Iron-induced lipid oxidation of raw meat showed that the 10% DTP group as well as the control group exhibited MDA values that did not differ (P > 0.05) from each other at all time points, whereas the 5% DTP group presented MDA values that, although not differing from those of the other groups at 0 and 50 min, were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the other groups at 100 and 150 min of iron-induced lipid oxidation. These results suggested that inclusion of dried tomato pulp in feed at a level of 5% exerted an antioxidant effect, whereas addition at level of 10% exerted a prooxidant effect. Mean alpha-tocopherol levels in the control, 5% DTP, and 10% DTP groups were 2.2, 2.1, and 1.4 mg kg(-)(1) of meat, respectively. Fatty acid analysis showed that the 10% DTP group had a higher (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and a greater (P < 0.05) unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio compared to control. There might be an interaction between DTP and alpha-tocopherol that is of importance for the balance between pro- and antioxidative activities. Future experiments should be designed to explore the interaction between individual carotenoids and tocopherols in order to better elucidate their role in oxidative changes.  相似文献