Nitrogen transformations in a peaty soil improved for pastoral agriculture     

B.L. Isabella  D.W. Hopkins 《Soil Use and Management》1994,10(3):107-111

Abstract. Microbial transformations and chemical distribution of N were compared in two upland stagnohumic gley soils at the same site. In 1981 one soil was improved for more intensive agriculture by lime and fertilizer applications and reseeding with a grass/clover mixture. The other soil (referred to here as unimproved) was also reseeded in 1981, but no lime was added and the sward has subsequently reverted to rough grazing land. Improvement resulted in greater soil microbial activity. The improved soil showed greater rates of denitrification, net N immobilization and N fixation (acetylene reduction) and contained more microbial biomass N than the unimproved soil. However, no major differences in the distribution of organic N fractions were detected. This indicates that a large amount of the soil N present before improvement did not undergo mineralization and remained unavailable to plants.  相似文献   

Ex vivo evaluation of imatinib mesylate for induction of cell death on canine neoplastic mast cells with mutations in c-Kit exon 11 via apoptosis     

Giacomo Rossi  Chiara Bertani  Subeide Mari  Carlotta Marini  Giacomo Renzoni  Gregory Ogilvie  Gian Enrico Magi 《Veterinary research communications》2013,37(2):101-108

Several studies of canine spontaneous mast cell tumours have described mutations in the c-kit proto-oncogene. These mutations produce a constitutively activated product and have been suggested to play a role in the malignant transformation of mast cells. We hypothesize that the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate inhibits signal transduction and induces apoptosis when tested in cutaneous canine mast cell tumour samples positive for mutation in c-kit exon 11. Three-dimensional ex vivo cultures of canine grade II mast cell tumour treated with STI-571 at 48, 72, and 96 h and tested for signal transduction and apoptosis using appropriate assays were used. There was a progressive and significant increase in caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive mast cells compared to the untreated cultures. Additionally, a concurrent reduced expression of Ki67 and BCL-2 was observed. Furthermore, the treated cultures showed a marked reduction of Kit expression. Our results demonstrate that STI-571 induces Caspase-dependent apoptosis in a canine neoplastic mast cells possessing mutations in c-kit exon 11.  相似文献   

Evaluation of hematologic,blood gas,and select biochemical variables in ovine whole blood stored in CPDA‐1 bags     

Rejane S. Sousa  Raimundo A. Barrêto‐Júnior  Isadora K. F. Sousa  Dowglish F. Chaves  Herbert S. Soares  Isabella O. Barros  Antonio H. H. Minervino  Enrico L. Ortolani 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(1):27-30

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Deadwood volume assessment in Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) peri-urban forests: Comparison between two sampling methods     

Isabella De Meo  Alessandro Elio Agnelli  Anna Graziani  Kyriaki Kitikidou  Alessandra Lagomarsino  Elias Milios 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(7):666-686

In the Sustainable Forest Management, deadwood is a fundamental substrate for numerous species, and a key factor in carbon and nutrient cycles. The main aim of the paper is to estimate the amount of deadwood in two Calabrian pine forests (Monte Morello in Italy; Xanthi in Greece) characterized by different stand conditions and management practices. The second aim is to compare two different sampling methods to estimate the volume of lying deadwood: the fixed-area sampling (FAS) method and the line intersect sampling (LIS) method. The results show that the Monte Morello peri-urban forest is characterized by a high quantity of deadwood (75.1 m³ ha^?1) divided in 80% of lying deadwood, 18% of standing dead trees, and 2% of stumps. The Xanthi peri-urban forest is characterized by a total amount of deadwood of 9.21 m³ ha^?1 divided in 34% of lying deadwood, 18% of standing dead trees and 48% of stumps. The mean volume of lying deadwood in Monte Morello estimated using the FAS is 59.91 m³ ha^?1, while using the LIS the mean volume is 64.9 m³ ha^?1. In the Xanthi, the mean volume of lying deadwood is 3.11 m³ ha^?1 using FAS and 5.49 m³ ha^?1 using LIS.  相似文献   

Effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine on equine articular chondrocytes in vitro     

Francesco Mancini  Sara Nannarone  Sandra Buratta  Giuseppina Ferrara  Anna Maria Stabile  Matteo Vuerich  Isabella Santinelli  Alessandra Pistilli  Elisabetta Chiaradia 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):295-308

Objective

To assess the effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine on equine chondrocytes, in vitro.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Study material

Equine articular chondrocytes from five male horses.

Methods

Chondrocytes were isolated from healthy equine articular cartilage of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints. Cell viability was assessed using the WST-8 assay by exposing chondrocytes to xylazine (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.6, 25, 50 mg mL^?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL^?1) for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Based on the results of these tests, cells were treated with xylazine (1, 4, 25 mg mL^?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL^?1) for 15 minutes to further evaluate: cell viability by neutral red uptake; cell membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release and by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI), and apoptosis by flow cytometry using double staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI and by cell morphology.

Results

Both drugs reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, all xylazine concentrations, except 0.5 mg mL^?1 and 1 mg mL^?1, significantly reduced cell viability, whereas the effects of dexmedetomidine were evident only at 0.175 mg mL^?1 and 0.25 mg mL^?1. The highest concentrations of xylazine (25 mg mL^?1) and dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg mL^?1) caused loss of membrane integrity. Cell morphology and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated signs of late apoptosis in xylazine-treated cells, and signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in dexmedetomidine-treated cells.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This study offers new insights into the potential chondrotoxicity induced by dexmedetomidine and xylazine. Therefore, the intra-articular administration of α₂-agonists should be conducted with care, especially for doses of ≥ 4 mg mL^?1 of xylazine and 0.175 mg mL^?1 and 0.25 mg mL^?1 of dexmedetomidine.  相似文献   

Reproducibility of endometrial cytology using cytobrush technique and agreement for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis between five predefined endometrial sites     

Harald Pothmann  Jessica Müller  Isabella Pothmann  Alexander Tichy  Marc Drillich 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):350-357

The objectives of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the reproducibility of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell counts at five predefined endometrial sites (corpus uteri, left horn base, right horn base, left horn tip and right horn tip) and (b) to determine the agreement for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SE) between the different endometrial sites. Forty milking cows between 28 and 34 days post‐partum were enrolled for endometrial sampling using cytobrush technique. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of PMN counts at different sites. The right horn base was found to have the greatest agreement of PMN counts with the other endometrial sites (ICC = 0.66–0.85). Twenty‐eight of 40 cows showed no signs of clinical endometritis and were used for evaluation of agreement for the diagnosis of SE, analysed by using Cohen´s kappa (κ) statistics. Agreement for SE diagnosis with PMN cut‐off ≥5% was greatest between the right horn base and the right horn tip (κ = 0.84), and with PMN cut‐off ≥18% between the right horn base and left horn tip (κ = 1.0), respectively. The results indicate that the right horn base can be regarded as suitable for cytobrush sampling. The probability to detect an animal positive for SE (PMN ≥ 5%) with a single cytobrush sampling was 51.0%; thus, a second sampling is recommended to improve the accuracy.  相似文献   

Investigation into the animal species contents of popular wet pet foods     

Isabella R Maine  Robert Atterbury  Kin-Chow Chang 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

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Rapid communication: mapping of the glutathione-peroxidase-5 (GPX5) gene to pig chromosome 7.     

G R Bertani  S Marklund  Z L Hu  M F Rothschild 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(10):2855-2856

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Can Different Body Tissues of Two Sea Cucumbers Supply a Fair Amount of Omega 3 for Health Benefit?     

Francesca Biandolino  Isabella Parlapiano  Giuseppe Denti  Giovanni Fanelli  Ermelinda Prato 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(8):821-836

The lipid content and fatty acids profile of different tissues of Holothuria tubulosa and H. polii were analyzed to assess the suitability of the central Mediterranean species as a potential marine resource for fatty acids, in particular omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Simultaneously, their important indices for human health were evaluated. Gonad and respiratory tree had the highest lipid content, while the body had the lowest values. The results showed significant differences between species and among the different portions analyzed. Internal tunic and longitudinal muscle of H. tubulosa exhibited the highest PUFA proportion (55.3 and 46.4%, respectively). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6) were the most abundant PUFAs in both species, with a favorable n-3/n-6 ratio in all tissues. The atherogenic and thrombogenicity indices and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio suggested the high-quality of this food, similar to the nutritional values of most popular fish.  相似文献   

Impact of forage diversity on forage productivity,nutritive value,beef cattle performance,and enteric methane emissions     

Logan R Thompson  Isabella C F Maciel  Patricia D R Rodrigues  Kim A Cassida  Jason E Rowntree 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(12)

Greenhouse gas emissions from the beef industry are largely attributed to the grazing sector, specifically from beef cattle enteric methane emissions. Therefore, the study objective was to examine how forage diversity impacts forage productivity, nutritive value, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions. This study occurred over three consecutive grazing seasons (2018 to 2020) and compared two common Midwest grazing mixtures: 1) a simple, 50:50 alfalfa:orchardgrass mixture (SIMP) and 2) a botanically diverse, cool-season species mixture (COMP). Fifty-six steers and heifers were adapted to an Automated Head Chamber System (AHCS) each year (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and stratified into treatment groups based on acclimation visitation. Each treatment consisted of four pastures, three 3.2-ha and one 1.6-ha, with eight and four animals each, respectively. Forage production was measured biweekly in pre- and postgrazed paddocks, and forage nutritive value was analyzed using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Shrunk body weights were taken monthly to determine animal performance. Forage availability did not differ between treatments (P = 0.69) but tended lower in 2018 (P = 0.06; 2.40 t dry matter ha⁻¹) than 2019 (2.92 t dry matter ha⁻¹) and 2020 (P = 0.10; 2.81 t dry matter ha⁻¹). Crude protein was significantly lower for COMP in 2018 compared with SIMP. Forage acid detergent fiber content was significantly lower for the COMP mixture (P = 0.02). The COMP treatment resulted higher dry matter digestibility (IVDMD48) in 2018 and 2019 compared with the SIMP treatment (P < 0.01). Animal performance did not differ between treatments (P > 0.50). There was a tendency for the COMP treatment to have lower enteric CH₄ production on a g d⁻¹ basis (P = 0.06), but no difference was observed on an emission intensity basis (g CH₄ kg⁻¹ gain; P = 0.56). These results would indicate that adoption of the complex forage mixture would not result in improved forage productivity, animal performance, or reduced emission intensity compared with the simple forage mixture.  相似文献