Molecular approach to species identification of eggs with respect to determination of the spawning site of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica     

Jun Aoyama  Satoshi Ishikawa  Tsuguo Otake  Noritaka Mochioka  Yuzuru Suzuki  Shun Watanabe  Akira Shinoda  Jun Inoue  Peter M Lokman  Tadashi Inagaki  Machiko Oya  Hiroshi Hasumoto  Kaoru Kubokawa  Tae Won Lee  Hans Fricke  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):761-763

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Soil respiration, N2O, and CH4 emissions from an Andisol under conventional-tillage and no-tillage cultivation for 4 years     

Seiichiro Yonemura  Isamu Nouchi  Seiichi Nishimura  Gen Sakurai  Kazuki Togami  Kazuyuki Yagi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):63-74

No-tillage (NT) management is a promising method to sequester soil C and mitigate global warming caused by agricultural activities. Here, we report 4 years of continuous soil respiration rates and weekly nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) emissions in NT and conventional-tillage (CT) plots in a typical Japanese volcanic soil. Overall, the soil respiration, N₂O emission, and CH₄ uptake decreased significantly in the NT plot. A difference in soil respiration and N₂O emission between the two plots began after the tillage treatment and the incorporation of crop residues and fertilizers, whereas the CH₄ uptake did not vary significantly during the fallow period after the treatments. The N₂O emission was higher from the CT than from the NT plot during the fall. The overall lower CH₄ uptake in the NT than in the CT plot likely resulted from a combination of decreased soil gas diffusivity and higher mineral N content at the soil surface. Higher soil respiration and N₂O emission occurred in the NT plot in the summer of 2003 and were plausibly caused by an increase in the soil moisture content that resulted from lower temperatures during July and August; the higher soil moisture must have accelerated the decomposition of organic matter accumulated in the topsoil. These results indicate that NT management is generally effective for the mitigation of the total GWP by reducing soil respiration and N₂O emission in temperate regions; however, NT management may increase rather than decrease these emissions when fields experience cool summers with frequent rainfall.  相似文献   

Skin lectin and the lymphoid tissues in the leptocephalus larvae of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica     

Yuzuru Suzuki  Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(4):636-643

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Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by mosquitoes, Aedes vexans (Meigen)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Satoshi Otake  Scott A. Dee  Kurt D. Rossow  Roger D. Moon    Carlos Pijoan 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(3):191-195

The objective of this study was to determine whether porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could be transmitted to naïve pigs by mosquitoes following feeding on infected pigs. During each of 4 replicates, mosquito-to-pig contact took place on days 5, 6, and 7 after PRRSV infection of the donor pig. A total of 300 mosquitoes [Aedes vexans (Meigen)] were allowed to feed on each viremic donor pig, housed in an isolation room. After 30 to 60 s, feeding was interrupted, and the mosquitoes were manually transferred in small plastic vials and allowed to feed to repletion on a naïve recipient pig housed in another isolation room. Prior to contact with the recipient pig, the mosquitoes were transferred to clean vials. Swabs were collected from the exterior surface of all vials, pooled, and tested for PRRSV. Separate personnel handled the donor pig, the recipient pig, and the vial-transfer procedure. Transmission of PRRSV from the donor to the recipient pig occurred in 2 out of 4 replicates. The PRRSV isolated from the infected recipient pigs was nucleic-acid-sequenced and found to be 100% homologous with the virus used to infect the donor pigs. Homogenates of mosquito tissues collected in all replicates were positive by either polymerase chain reaction or swine bioassay. All control pigs remained PRRSV negative, and PRRSV was not detected on the surface of the vials. This study indicates that mosquitoes (A. vexans) can serve as mechanical vectors of PRRSV.  相似文献   

Studies on soils in the transferring cultivation of paddy and upland field     

Minoru Ikeda  Isamu Harada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):94-98

The amount of paddy crop is usually increased by converting a continuous paddy field into a transferring cultivation between paddy and upland crops. To study the reasons for this increase, in Hokkaido a soil survey was made at 16 localities, where both types of cultivation were practiced. The survey was carried out on four different types of soil; peaty soils at Horomui (18,3),* Kurisawa (36,2), Ebetsu (23,2), and Iwamisawa (20,2); muck soil at Fukagawa (35,4); clay soils at Naie (28,3), Takikawa (31,1), Toyonuma (25,3) Fūen (80,2) and Higashiasahikawa (22,3); and sandy soils at Higashikawa (22,3), Pippu (30,2), Shimokawa (28,1), Kucchan (20,3), Kunneppu (16,2) and Ebetsu (30,2).  相似文献   

水稻与稻瘟病菌的蛋白质─细胞在体外的相互作用初步研究     

陶全洲  山口勇 《中国水稻科学》1994,(3)

在离体条件下，用蛋白质双向电泳技术分析水稻与稻瘟病菌在接触反应开始阶段的蛋白质变化情况，以寻找参与寄主与病原菌相互作用的蛋白质分子．结果表明有两个蛋白质与孢子或菌丝体混合后从电泳胶上消失，同时出现了另外两个蛋白质．还没确定两个消失的蛋白质是被菌体细胞所吸附，还是由于被修饰而导致电泳行为改变．上述蛋白质在抗病和感病水稻品种中都存在，是组成型的。推测它们可能参与寄主与病原菌的接触反应．另外还发现，当悬浮培养的水稻细胞与稻瘟菌的菌丝体蛋白质接触后会产生一些新的蛋白质分子，但孢子蛋白无此作用．由此推测水稻与猪瘟病菌的特异性识别反应可能发生在孢子萌发之后和菌丝体阶段．以上结果在亲和与非亲和体系中相同．文中对此现象提出了初步解释，还介绍了一个在离体条件下研究寄主与病原菌的蛋白质－细胞相互作用的简单方法．  相似文献   

Open Heart Surgery with Deep Hypothermia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Small and Toy Dogs     

Isamu Kanemoto DVM  PhD  Daisuke Taguchi DVM  Satoko Yokoyama DVM  Masashi Mizuno DVM  Hiromi Suzuki DVM  Tougaku Kanamoto DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(6):674-679

Objective: To evaluate open heart surgery with deep surface‐induced hypothermia (sHT) and low‐flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in small and toy‐breed dogs. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Small breed dogs (n=8) weighing <5.5 kg with naturally occurring cardiac disease. Methods: Deep sHT under isoflurane anesthesia and low‐flow rate CPB with a small‐volume prime circuit were used. Ventricular septal defect was closed directly in 2 dogs and severe mitral regurgitation was corrected with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in 5 dogs and mitral valve replacement in 1 dog. Results: All dogs survived surgery; 1 dog died 6 days and 1 died 2 months after MVP. The other 6 dogs lived (mean follow‐up, 32.8 months; range, 12–65 months). Mean body weight at surgery was 3.6 kg (range, 2–5.3 kg). Mean lowest esophageal temperature was 21.4°C (range, 19.8–23.8°C). Mean lowest pump flow volume was 29.2 mL/kg/min (range, 9.4–57.7 mL/kg/min) during aortic cross‐clamping (mean, 53.5 minutes; range, 25–79 minutes). Mean hematocrit before CPB was 38.6% (range, 33–47%) and 20.3% (range, 13–24%) during CPB with a small circuit priming volume of 225–260 mL. Conclusion: Deep sHT with low‐flow rate CPB may be used for open heart surgery in small dogs weighing <5.5 kg. Clinical Relevance: Open heart surgery for selected congenital defects and acquired defects in small and toy‐breed dogs may be successfully performed using deep sHT and CPB.  相似文献   

An experimental model to evaluate the role of transport vehicles as a source of transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to susceptible pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Scott A. Dee  John Deen  Satoshi Otake    Carlos Pijoan 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(2):128-133

The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a scale-model trailer that was required to infect susceptible pigs, evaluate the potential of PRRSV-contaminated transport vehicles to infect na?ve pigs and assess 4 sanitation programs for the prevention of virus spread. To maximize study power, scale models (1:150) of weaned-pig trailers were constructed that provided an animal density equal to that of an actual weaned-pig trailer capable of transporting 300 pigs. The 1st aim involved contaminating the interior of the model trailers with various concentrations (10(1) to 10(4) TCID50/mL) of PRRSV MN 30-100, then housing sentinel pigs in the trailers for 2 h. Pigs exposed to trailers contaminated with > or = 10(3) TCID50/mL became infected. The 2nd aim involved housing experimentally infected seeder pigs in trailers for 2 h, then directly introducing sentinel pigs for 2 h. Infection of sentinels was demonstrated in 3 of 4 replicates. The 3rd aim involved applying 1 of 4 sanitation procedures (treatments) to contaminated trailers. Treatment 1 consisted of manual scraping of the interior to remove soiled bedding (wood chips). Treatment 2 consisted of bedding removal, washing (80 degrees C, 20,500 kPa), and disinfecting (with 1:256 phenol; 10-min contact time). Treatment 3 consisted of treatment 2, followed by freezing and thawing. Treatment 4 consisted of bedding removal, washing, disinfecting, and drying. Ten replicates were conducted per treatment. Pretreatment swabs from all trailers tested positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Post-treatment swabs were PCR-positive for all trailers except those that were washed, disinfected, and dried. Infection of sentinel pigs by PRRSV was also detected by PCR after all treatments except washing, disinfecting, and drying. Under the conditions of this study, drying appeared to be an important component of a sanitation program for ensuring PRRSV biosecurity of transport vehicles.  相似文献   

Japanese black cattle with orotic aciduria detected by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry     

Ohba Y  Takasu M  Nishii N  Hosoda I  Kitoh K  Matsumoto I  Zhang C  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(3):313-316

A 4-months-old calf of Japanese black cattle was diagnosed with orotic aciduria by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS). Until now orotic aciduria had not been reported in Japanese black cattle. The animal showed repeated diarrhea. The hematocrit was low, and microcytes and acanthocytes were observed in blood smears. The calf had lower serum total protein concentrations with a higher blood ammonia concentration. Needle-shaped crystals of orotic acid were observed in urinary sediments. Sequence homologous analysis with cattle uridine monophosphate synthase DNA indicated silent mutation in the affected calf.  相似文献   

Effects of light conditions on prodigiosin stability in the biocontrol bacterium Serratia marcescens strain B2     

Nobutaka Someya  Masami Nakajima  Hiroshi Hamamoto  Isamu Yamaguchi  Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(6):367-370

Serratia marcescens strain B2 is a potential biocontrol agent that produces the antibiotic pigment prodigiosin. When this strain was incubated under white or blue light conditions (<100µmol m^–2s^–1), prodigiosin concentration in bacterial cells decreased, but growth did not. However, red and far-red light had no effect on prodigiosin concentration in bacterial cells. Purified prodigiosin was degraded under white or blue light conditions but was not degraded under red and far-red light. Because white and blue light appeared to affect the stability of prodigiosin itself, light conditions may affect the suppressive effects of the biocontrol agent S. marcescens strain B2.  相似文献