Spontaneous Renal Tumors Suspected of Being Familial in Sprague-Dawley Rats     

Kayoko Kudo  Toru Hoshiya  Tomomi Nakazawa  Tsubasa Saito  Natsumi Shimoyama  Isamu Suzuki  Kazutoshi Tamura  John Curtis Seely 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(4):277-280

Spontaneous renal tubule tumors (RTTs), with a distinctive morphological phenotype, were present in three Sprague-Dawley rats, 1 male and 2 females, out a total of 120 animals of each sex from untreated and placebo control groups in a 2-year carcinogenicity study. One female had one carcinoma, adenoma and hyperplasia, and the other female had five adenomas and many hyperplastic lesions; the male case had one carcinoma. From these cases, a biological continuum of hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma could be recognized. The tumors were present in the renal cortex and appeared as solid lobulated growths with occasional central necrosis. The lobules were divided by a small amount of fibrovascular tissue. Occasionally the larger tumors contained a cystic area. Tumor cells appeared distinctive and exhibited variable amounts of eosinophilic/amphophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round to oval with a prominent nucleolus. Mitotic figures were uncommon, and no distant metastasis was noted. The tumors were seen as multiple and bilateral lesions in two animals and had no apparent relationship to chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN). Foci of tubule hyperplasia were also noted to contain the same type of cellular morphology. The morphological and biological features of these 3 cases resembled the amphophilic-vacuolar (AV) variant of RTT that has been posited to be of familial origin. This is a report of spontaneous familial renal tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan.  相似文献   

An evaluation of interventions for reducing the risk of PRRSV introduction to filtered farms via retrograde air movement through idle fans   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alonso C  Otake S  Davies P  Dee S 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(3-4):304-310

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically significant pathogen of pigs that can be transported via the airborne route out to 9.1 km. To reduce this risk, large swine facilities have started to implement systems to filter contaminated incoming air. A proposed means of air filtration failure is the retrograde movement of air (back-drafting) from the external environment into the animal air space through non-filtered points such as idle wall fans; however, this risk has not been validated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to prove that PRRSV introduction via retrograde air movement through idle fans is a true risk; (2) to determine the minimum retrograde air velocity necessary to introduce PRRSV to an animal airspace from an external source; and (3) to evaluate the efficacy of different interventions designed to reduce this risk. A retrograde air movement model was used to test a range of velocities and interventions, including a standard plastic shutter, a plastic shutter plus a canvas cover, a nylon air chute, an aluminum shutter plus an air chute and a double shutter system. Results indicated that retrograde air movement is a real risk for PRRSV introduction to a filtered air space; however, it required a velocity of 0.76 m/s. In addition, while all the interventions designed to reduce this risk were superior when compared to a standard plastic shutter, significant differences were detected between treatments.  相似文献   

Survey of mutations of a histidine kinase gene BcOS1 in dicarboximide-resistant field isolates of Botrytis cinerea     

Michiyo Oshima  Shinpei Banno  Kiyotsugu Okada  Taeko Takeuchi  Makoto Kimura  Akihiko Ichiishi  Isamu Yamaguchi  Makoto Fujimura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(1):65-73

Previously, we cloned a putative osmosensing histidine kinase gene (BcOS1) and revealed that a single amino acid substitution, isoleucine to serine at codon 365, conferred dicarboximide resistance in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea. This point mutation (type I) occurred within the restriction enzyme TaqI site of the wild-type BcOS1 gene. Thus, a procedure was developed for detecting the type I mutation of the BcOS1 gene using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). Diagnosis by PCR-RFLP was conducted on the 105 isolates isolated from 26 fields in Japan. All dicarboximide-sensitive isolates (49 isolates) had the wild-type BcOS1 gene, and the 43 isolates with the type I mutation were resistant to dicarboximides without exception. These data indicate that dicarboximide-resistant isolates with type I mutation are widespread throughout Japan. However, other types of dicarboximide resistance were detected among isolates from Osaka; among the 24 resistant isolates from Osaka, 12 had the BcOS1 gene without the type I mutation. BcOS1 gene sequencing of these resistant isolates classified them into two groups, type II and type III. The type II isolates have three amino acid substitutions within BcOS1p (³⁶⁸Val to Phe, ³⁶⁹Gln to His, and ⁴⁴⁷Thr to Ser). The type III isolates have two amino acid substitutions within BcOS1p (³⁶⁹Gln to Pro and ³⁷³Asn to Ser). These amino acid changes are located on the amino acid repeat domain in BcOS1p. The three types of resistant isolates were all moderately resistant to dicarboximides without significant osmotic sensitivity, and their pathogenicity on cucumber leaves was also very similar to that of the wild-type isolate.  相似文献   

Foliar spray of validamycin a or validoxylamine a controls tomato fusarium wilt     

Ishikawa R  Shirouzu K  Nakashita H  Lee HY  Motoyama T  Yamaguchi I  Teraoka T  Arie T 《Phytopathology》2005,95(10):1209-1216

ABSTRACT Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (>/=10 mug/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA at 100 mug/ml lasted for 64 days. Plants sprayed with VMA or VAA accumulated salicylic acid and had elevated expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes P4 (PR-1), Tag (PR-2), and NP24 (PR-5). Foliar spray of VMA also controlled late blight and powdery mildew of tomato. The disease control by VMA and VAA lasted up to 64 days after treatment, was broad spectrum, and induced the expression of PR genes, all essential indicators of SAR, suggesting that VMA and VAA are plant activators. The foliar application of plant activators is a novel control method for soilborne diseases and may provide an economically feasible alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide.  相似文献   

Spatial dispersal of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-contaminated flies after contact with experimentally infected pigs     

Schurrer JA  Dee SA  Moon RD  Rossow KD  Mahlum C  Mondaca E  Otake S  Fano E  Collins JE  Pijoan C 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(9):1284-1292

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether flies can acquire porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and disperse the virus throughout a designated area. ANIMALS: 60 four-month-old pigs. PROCEDURE: On day 0, 28 of 60 pigs were inoculated with PRRSV MN 30-100 (index variant). On the same day, 100,000 pupae of ochre-eyed houseflies and 100,000 pupae of red-eyed (wild-type) houseflies were placed in the swine facility for a release-recapture study. Flies were recaptured at 2 locations within the swine facility, 6 locations immediately outside the facility, and 30 locations 0.4, 0.8, 1.3, 1.7, 1.9, and 2.3 km from the facility. Traps were emptied on days 2, 7, 8, 10, and 14. Samples derived from flies were tested by use of a polymerase chain reaction assay, virus DNA was sequenced, and viruses were tested for infectivity by means of a swine bioassay. RESULTS: PRRSV RNA homologous to the index PRRSV was detected in trapped flies collected inside and immediately outside the facility and from 9 of 48 samples collected at 0.4 km, 8 of 24 samples collected at 0.8 km, 5 of 24 samples collected at 1.3 km, and 3 of 84 samples collected at > 1.7 km from the facility. Two samples collected at 0.8 km contained genetically diverse variants of PRRSV. Swine bioassays revealed the virus in flies was infectious. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Flies appeared to become contaminated with PRRSV from infected pigs and transported the virus > or = 1.7 km. Fly-born transmission may explain how PRRSV is seasonally transported between farms.  相似文献   

Attempts to transmit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by aerosols under controlled field conditions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Trincado C  Dee S  Jacobson L  Otake S  Rossow K  Pijoan C 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(10):294-297

An experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was established in 150 five-month-old pigs housed in a fan-ventilated finishing facility, the infected barn. To determine whether air exhausted from the wall fans contained infectious PRRSV, a trailer containing 10 four-week-old PRRSV-naive sentinel pigs was placed 10 m from the building from day 3 after the 150 pigs were infected until day 10. To connect the two airspaces, one end of an opaque plastic tube, 15 m in length and 5 cm in diameter, was fastened to the wall fan of the infected barn, and the other end was placed inside the trailer. Air from the building was exhausted into the trailer 24 hours a day for seven consecutive days and PRRSV infection was monitored in the infected pigs and the sentinel pigs. Air samples were collected from the infected barn and the trailer. PRRSV infection was detected in the infected pigs three and seven days after they were infected, but not in the sentinel pigs. All the air samples were negative for PRRSV by PCR, virus isolation and a pig bioassay.  相似文献   

A potential live vector, foamy virus, directed intra-cellular expression of ovine interferon-tau exhibited the resistance to HIV infection     

Fujii Y  Murase Y  Otake K  Yokota Y  Omoto S  Hayashi H  Okada H  Okada N  Kawai M  Okuyama H  Imakawa K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):115-121

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau), produced by the embryonic trophectoderm, is a member of type I IFNs required for the establishment of pregnancy in the ruminant ungulates. Although this IFN possesses antiviral activity similar to other type I IFNs, the effectiveness of IFN-tau as an antiviral agent has not been well characterized. To investigate possible antiviral effects of ovine IFN-tau (oIFN-tau), oIFN-tau-GST fusion protein was expressed in E. coli BL21, from which the purified protein isolated possessed anti-viral activity. An apathogenic human foamy virus (hFV) was then used to establish a potential recombinant live vector consisting of oIFN-tau cDNA sense (+) or antisense (-) sequence, oIFN-tau(+)/hFV or oIFN-tau(-)/hFV, respectively. Human hematopoietic and other mammalian cell lines that had been transduced with hFV vector consisting of no oIFN-tau, oIFN-tau(+)/hFV or oIFN-tau(-)/hFV construct were cultured initially for 12 days, and three of cell lines were then maintained for up to 90 days. These cells with oIFN-tau expression directed by hFV exhibited the in vitro cytopathic effect minimally. Transduced cell lines that had been cultured for 90 days were subjected to studies on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, which was measured with infectivity of viral particles resulted from the GFP inserted T-cell tropic HIV SF2 or macrophage tropic HIV SF162: the number of HIV-1 positive cells was reduced by the hFV driven-intra-cellular oIFN-tau expression. Since oIFN-tau/hFV transduced cells exhibited the resistance to HIV-1 infection and/or replication, oIFN-tau could be considered as one of effective antiviral agents against HIV-1. These results suggest that the hFV genome could be an effective recombinant live vector for the expression of a targeted gene in various cell types.  相似文献   

Evaluation of aerosol transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under controlled field conditions     

Otake S  Dee SA  Jacobson L  Torremorell M  Pijoan C 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(26):804-808

The aim of this study was to determine whether porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could be transmitted by aerosol under field conditions. A total of 210 five-month-old PRRSV-negative pigs were housed in a mechanically ventilated finishing facility containing 11 pens. Pen 1 contained 10 pigs (indirect contact controls) and pen 2 remained empty, providing a barrier of 2.5 m from the remaining pigs in pens 3 to 11. Fifteen or 16 of the pigs in each of pens 3 to 11 were infected experimentally with a field isolate of PRRSV and the other six or seven pigs served as direct contact controls. Five days after the pigs were infected, two trailers containing 10 five-week-old PRRSV-naive sentinel pigs were placed along each side of the building; one was placed 1 m from the exhaust fans on one side of the building, and the other was placed 30 m from the fans on the other side, and the sentinel pigs remained in the trailers for 72 hours. They were then moved to separate buildings on the same site, 30 and 80 m, respectively, from the infected barn, and their PRRSV status was monitored for 21 days. The direct and indirect contact control pigs became infected with PRRSV but the sentinel pigs did not.  相似文献   

Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by needles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Otake S  Dee SA  Rossow KD  Joo HS  Deen J  Molitor TW  Pijoan C 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(4):114-115

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Three evolutionary lineages of tomato wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, based on sequences of IGS, MAT1, and pg1, are each composed of isolates of a single mating type and a single or closely related vegetative compatibility group     

Masato Kawabe  Yumiko Kobayashi  Gen Okada  Isamu Yamaguchi  Tohru Teraoka  Tsutomu Arie 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(4):263-272

Three evolutionary lineages of the tomato wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were found among a worldwide sample of isolates based on phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region. Each lineage consisted of isolates mainly belonging to a single or closely related vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and a single mating type (MAT). The first lineage (A1) was composed of isolates VCG 0031 and MAT1-1; the second (A2) included VCG 0030 and/or 0032 and MAT1-1; and the third (A3) included VCG 0033 and MAT1-2. Race 1 and race 2 isolates belonged to the A1 or A2 lineages, and race 3 belonged to A2 or A3 lineages, suggesting that there is no correlation between race and lineage. However, for the isolates from Japan, race 1 (with one exception), race 2, and race 3 isolates belonged to A2, A1, and A3 lineages, respectively. These results suggest that the races could have evolved independently in each lineage; and in Japan the present races were likely to have been introduced independently after they had evolved in other locations.  相似文献