Effect of ground‐cover type on surface runoff and subsequent soil erosion in Champagne vineyards in France     

X. Morvan  C. Naisse  O. Malam Issa  J. F. Desprats  A. Combaud  O. Cerdan 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(3):372-381

This study was conducted in Champagne vineyards in France, and the objectives were to compare the main cultivation practices in Champagne vineyards and to specify the conditions required for the optimum effect of inter‐row grass cover on runoff and erosion in experimental plots of 0.25 m² under simulated rainfall. Three types of ground cover were studied. In the bark‐and‐vine‐prunings plots, the runoff coefficient (RC) ranged from 1.3 to 4.0% and soil losses were <1 g/m²/h. In the bare soil (BS) plot, the highest RC of the study was found (80.0%) and soil losses reached 7.4 g/m²/h. In the grass cover plots, the RC and amount of eroded soil were highly variable: the RCs ranged from 0.4 to 77.0%, and soil losses were between less than 1 and 13.4 g/m²/h. Soil type, soil moisture, slope and agricultural practices did not account for the variability. In fact, the density of grass cover in the wheel tracks explained a portion of this variability. The lack of grass in the centre of the inter‐row allowed for a preferential flow and created an erosion line in the wheel tracks where the soil was compacted. This study showed that grass cover in a vineyard was not necessarily sufficient to reduce surface runoff and prevent soil erosion. To be effective, the grass cover must be dense enough in the wheel tracks of agricultural machinery to avoid RCs close to the RC achieved with BS.  相似文献   

A methodological study on participatory barley breeding II. Response to selection     

S. Ceccarelli  S. Grando  M. Singh  M. Michael  A. Shikho  M. Al Issa  A. Al Saleh  G. Kaleonjy  S.M. Al Ghanem  A.L. Al Hasan  H. Dalla  S. Basha  T. Basha 《Euphytica》2003,133(2):185-200

Farmer participation is increasingly seen as a key to develop technologies which are more relevant to farmers' communities. In plant breeding, farmer participation is seen as key to increase the probability of adoption of new varieties. This paper addresses the issue of selection efficiency in participatory plant breeding by testing the effect of selection environment and of who did the selection in one cropping season (1997) on the performance of the selected lines in the following cropping season (1998). Selection environment had a larger effect on response to selection than who did the selection, confirming the importance of decentralized selection. Selections made by the breeder and the farmers in 1997, differed in 1998 for a number of traits, but seldom for grain yield. When the difference for grain yield was significant, breeder's selection was more effective on station, while farmers' selection was more effective in farmers' fields. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to organize a plant breeding program with the objective of adapting crops to a multitude of both physical and socio-economic environments: such a breeding program will, at the same time, increase productivity and stability, enhance biodiversity and produce environmentally friendly cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Identification of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield related traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under different water regimes in Niger and Senegal     

Issa Faye  Manish K. Pandey  Falalou Hamidou  Abhishek Rathore  Ousmane Ndoye  Vincent Vadez  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Euphytica》2015,206(3):631-647

  相似文献   

Anticoccidial effects of Khaya senegalensis aqueous stem bark extract on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria species     

Muraina  Issa A.  Gotep  Jurbe G.  Tanko  James T.  Onyiche  ThankGod E.  Aladelokun  Oladimeji B.  Dapuliga  Christiana C.  Forcados  Gilead E.  Ozele  Nonyelim  Samuel  Ann L.  Oladipo  Olusola O.  Akanbi  Olatunde B.  Okewole  Philip A.  Ahmed  Mohammed S. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(3):1249-1255

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Graded concentrations (200, 400 and 800&nbsp;mg/kg) of the aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy...  相似文献   

Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Effects of Some Medicinal Plants Extract on the Soil Algal Diversity     

Mustafa Ahmed  Fawzy AwatiefFahmey  Hifney Ahmed  Abdel-Salam Issa  Gamal Gareib 《农业科学与技术》2013,(12):1000-1009

Phytochemical constituents of the shoots and roots extract of chosen eight medicinal plants （Plantago major, Verbesina encelioides, Glinus lotoides, Helotropium supinum, Mentha microphylla, Euphorbia hirta, Juncus subulatus and Convolvulus arvensis） were estimated using standard qualitative analysis. The extract contained alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, f[avonoids and terpenoids in some medicinal plants while others contain some only of these phytochemical components. Allelopathic effect of the various concentrations of the extracts on the soil algal diversity was also investigated. Wollea saccata was the only algal species disappeared from all applied investigated plant extracts. Phormidium richardsii, Monoraphidium braunii, Eunotia verneris and Nitzschia bilobata were the highly sensitive algal species to all applied shoot and root extract from all tested plants, they disappeared from most of the studied plants. On the other hand, Phormidium animale and Chlorella neustonice were highly tolerant algal species to all applied extracts. Counts of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were decreased by addition of some investigated medicinal plants extracts such as Juncus subulatus, Convolvulus arvensis and Euphorbia hirta. So the authors can use these plants extracts in biocontrol of the nuisance of algal bloom or any other microorganisms. Also, these plants may be useful to recover eutrophic water which needs further investigation.  相似文献   

丘陵山区小型马铃薯收获机设计与试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王海翼  张兆国  IBRAHIM Issa  解开婷  Wael EL-KOLALY  曹钦洲 《浙江农业学报》2021,33(4):724

针对中国西南丘陵山区马铃薯收获作业中存在的引进机型适用性低、明薯率低、伤薯率高、破皮较严重、机械化收获程度低的问题,设计一种适用于丘陵山区的小型马铃薯收获机,整机主要由三点悬挂装置、挖掘装置、激振式分离筛、多级振动调整装置、挖掘调整装置、变速箱、传动装置等组成。结合具体作业要求,对挖掘装置和升运分离装置进行参数确定和选型设计。挖掘铲为设有圆弧过渡曲面的二阶铲,增强了碎土剪切性能,提高了顺土能力。建立挖掘过程的挖掘装置阻力模型和运动学模型,并对挖掘装置进行有限元分析,得出挖掘装置的最大应变为5.05×10^-8 m·m^-1,最大应力为9 327.7 Pa,最大变形为2.98×10^-4 mm。建立马铃薯升运过程的运动学模型,对薯土混合物的运动形态进行分析,根据所计算的相关参数设计了二次正交旋转组合试验,分别对各试验指标进行响应曲面分析。发现影响明薯率的主要因素为作业速度和分离筛倾角,影响伤薯率的主要因素为作业速度和分离筛倾角,影响破皮率的最主要因素为入土角和分离筛倾角。田间试验结果表明:当作业速度为1.05 m·s^-1,入土角为17°,分离筛倾角为15°时,试验条件下的明薯率为96.7%,伤薯率为1.3%,破皮率为1.5%,上述指标优于国家标准,符合马铃薯收获作业要求。  相似文献   

Prevalence and incidence of bovine trypanosomosis in an agro-pastoral area of southwestern Burkina Faso     

Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo  Zakaria Bengaly  Samir Messad  Bruno Bucheton  Issa Sidibe  Bila Cene  Gérard Cuny  Sophie Thevenon 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(3):470-477

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis and to investigate some factors influencing them in an agro-pastoral area of southwestern Burkina Faso. A total of 363 crossbred cattle (Baoule-zebu peul), which were bred under natural trypanosomosis challenge, were monitored monthly for parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV) and serological analyses over 2 years. The parasitological prevalence estimated at the beginning of the survey using the buffy coat technique (BCT) was 7.54%. As much as 66.7% of all trypanosome infections were due to Trypanosoma vivax, 23.8% due to Trypanosoma congolense and 9.5% due to T. vivax/T. congolense mixed infections. The monthly serological incidence varied from 0.29% to 19.29%.The season was the most important factor influencing the serological prevalence and incidence and the animal PCV. The dry hot season is associated with increasing seroprevalences and incidences and consequently a decreasing average of PCV. In addition, an important spatial heterogeneity was observed.  相似文献   

Description of risk factors associated with the detection of BVDV antibodies in Brazilian pig herds     

Igor Renan Honorato Gatto  Daniel Correia Lima Linhares  Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida  Luis Antônio Mathias  Andrea Souza Ramos de Medeiros  Zvonimir Poljak  Samir Issa Samara  Luis Guilherme de Oliveira 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):773-778

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects ruminants as primary hosts. However, other animals like pigs are susceptible. This study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the detection of BVDV antibodies in pig herds. A total of 1.705 serum samples of 33 finisher herds, from seven Brazilian states, were collected in slaughterhouses. The samples were tested by virus neutralization (VN) test. In total, 5.35% (91/1.705) were positive and 64% (21/33) of the herds had positive animals. A significant association with “trucks are not cleaned and disinfected” and “visitors do not respect 72-h interval between visits to farms” (P?<?0.05) was found in association with detection of BVDV-2 antibodies. This study suggests that important biosecurity gaps are present in Brazilian pig farms, as the presence of BVDV antibodies in pigs suggests (direct or indirect) contact with population(s) of ruminant species. Closing biosecurity gaps prevents spread of BVDV and other pathogens such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) between pig and ruminant farms. This data should be taken in account by CSF surveillance programs, once cross-reaction in serologic tests between classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and BVDV antibodies has been shown to occur.  相似文献   

Appraisal of interpretation criteria for the single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in dromedary camels in Ethiopia     

Jibril  Yasmin  Mamo  Gezahegne  Issa  Ahmed  Zewude  Aboma  Ameni  Gobena 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1665-1670

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Dromedary camels are the main sources of milk, meat and income for the Ethiopian pastoralists as they withstand the harsh environments of the regions of the...  相似文献   

Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Water Status and Yield Productions     

Fghire  Rachid  Anaya  Fatima  Issa Ali  Oudou  Lamnai  Kamal  Foughali  Boubaker  Faghire  Mustapha  Benlhabib  Ouafae  Wahbi  Said 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(1):97-110

Worldwide population is in permanent growth, leading to an over-presser on the food resources. This demand leads to an over-exploitation of land and water resources. Recently, the quinoa plant has attracted attention as alternative crop with high nutritive value and high tolerance to the marginal conditions. In this study, a field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on the agronomic performance. Four treatments of deficit irrigation (100%, 50%, 33% ETc and rainfed) were applied to one variety in the first season and to four genotypes (two varieties and two lines). The results were evaluated by measuring biomass and seed quinoa yield, water-use efficiency, harvest index, seed size and 1000 seeds weight. Results show that the implementation of deficit irrigation is an appropriate strategy to reduce the use of agricultural water and maintain relatively high yields. On the other hand, the results of the economic quality reflected by the size and weight of seed yield, indicates that quinoa can be considered a well-adapted to the conditions of water scarcity culture. According to agronomic parameters, L143 line followed by the line L11 showed a high potential of adaptation under the different treatments of stress, while the “Puno” variety presented the best performance under the favorable conditions of irrigation (100% ETc).

  相似文献