Rice response to simultaneous bacterial blight and drought stress during compatible and incompatible interactions     

Gerbert Sylvestre Dossa  Rolando Torres  Amelia Henry  Ricardo Oliva  Edgar Maiss  Casiana Vera Cruz  Kerstin Wydra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(1):115-127

Plant response to one type of stress can be affected by simultaneous exposure to a second stress, for example when abiotic and biotic stresses occur together. Ten rice genotypes comprising those with bacterial blight (BB) resistance (R) genes, drought quantitative trait loci (QTLs) plus a BB R gene, and BB susceptible genotypes, were subjected to mild and moderate drought stress and plants were inoculated with two Xoo strains (PXO99 and PXO145) to simulate the challenges rice crops face under simultaneous stress of drought and BB. Plant height and dry shoot biomass were significantly reduced by drought stress treatments. The BB disease lesion lengths varied according to rice genotypes and PXO99 Xoo multiplication and spread in planta was higher compared to that of PXO145, which generally decreased under mild drought stress. Rice genotype IRBB7 (Xa7) showed less Xoo spread and a reduced Xoo multiplication under drought stress compared to the well-watered control with PXO145. In contrast, in genotypes with a different BB R gene and/or drought QTLs [IRBB4 (Xa4), IR87705–6-9-B (Xa4 + qDYT _2.2 ), IR87707–445-B-B-B (Xa4 + qDYT _2.2  + qDYT _4.1 ) and IR87707–446-B-B-B (Xa4 + qDYT _2.2  + qDYT _4.1 )], Xoo multiplication and spread in planta was higher with drought stress. This study has shown that drought stress affected rice response to the BB pathogen and the response varied according to the rice genotype. It is concluded that evaluating rice varieties under combined abiotic and biotic stresses will be the best strategy to determine biotic stress resistance durability under climate change.  相似文献   

Potential risk levels of invasive Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer) in areas optimal for open‐field Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cultivation in the present and under predicted climate change          下载免费PDF全文

Ricardo Siqueira da Silva  Lalit Kumar  Farzin Shabani  Marcelo Coutinho Picanço 《Pest management science》2017,73(3):616-627

  相似文献   

Inheritance of resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</Emphasis> in tomato     

Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa  Ana Maria Maciel dos Santos  Paulo Ricardo dos Santos  Maxwel Rodrigues Nascimento  Adriano Márcio Freire Silva  Greecy Mirian Rodrigues Albuquerque  Renata Oliveira Batista  Jacqueline Wanessa de Lima Pereira  José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho Filho 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):137

  相似文献   

Case Study: Providing Nutritional Support to an Ultraendurance Runner in Preparation for a Self-Sufficient Multistage Ultramarathon: Rationed Versus Full Energy Provisions     

Rebekah Alcock  Alan McCubbin  Vera Camões-Costa  Ricardo J.S. Costa 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(4):508-520

To assess the impact of rationed versus full estimated energy provisions on markers of physiological strain in response to a simulated 250 km multistage ultramarathon (MSUM), on two separate occasions, the ultraendurance runner performed a laboratory simulated MSUM, with rationed (RP: 3303±75 kcal?day^-1) and full (FP: 7156±359 kcal?day^-1) provisions. Total daily energy expenditure was determined using dual-method indirect calorimetry. Resting metabolic rate, iDXA, and body water were measured at baseline, day 3, and post-MSUM. Blood, urine, and feces were collected, and mood state was measured, d 1 to 5 (before and after running) to determine various physiological strain indices. Heart rate, RPE, thermal comfort, gastrointestinal symptoms, and non-protein oxidation rates were measured every 30 min during running. Data were analyzed using single-subject design analysis and interpreted using Cohen's effect size. Energy expenditure was lower on RP (6943±145 kcal?day^-1) than FP (7486±143 kcal?day^-1) (Cohen's δ=-3.1). More pronounced exertional strain (RPE δ=1.2, thermal conform δ=0.6, rectal temperature δ=1.0, and plasma cortisol concentration δ=1.7) was observed on RP as the MSUM progressed. Total carbohydrate and fat oxidation during running decreased (0.76 vs. 1.82 g?min^-1; δ=-3.9) and increased (0.91 vs. 0.54 g?min^-1; δ=3.7), respectively, more profoundly on RP as the MSUM progressed. Gastrointestinal symptoms were modestly lower in RP (δ=-0.26). Exercise-induced leukocytosis, cytokinaemia, and neutrophil responses were higher on RP. Iron status markers were trivial. Higher mood disturbance and fatigue were reported on RP. The ultraendurance runner presented greater physiological and psychophysiological disturbances, in response to a laboratory simulated MSUM, on rationed energy provisions, despite the lighter pack-weight.  相似文献   

Effect of days postburning and calcium oxide on the fermentation,aerobic stability and nutritional characteristics of sugarcane silage for finishing Nellore steers          下载免费PDF全文

Anna Paula T. P. Roth  Gustavo R. Siqueira  Carlos H. S. Rabelo  Matheus H. Moretti  Carla J. Härter  Flávio D. Resende  Ricardo A. Reis 《Grass and Forage Science》2018,73(3):671-684

In this study, the effects of days postburning and calcium oxide (CaO) on the fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritional characteristics of sugarcane silages for finishing Nellore steers were investigated. Silages were prepared in minisilos from in natura and burned sugarcane that remained in the field 1 and 10 days postburning (1‐day burned and 10‐day burned, respectively). Next, forages were left untreated or treated with CaO (10 g/kg fresh forage). Compared to that in untreated silages, CaO application increased the dry‐matter (DM) recovery of in natura, 1‐day and 10‐day burned silages (p < 0.001) by 67, 179 and 209 g/kg DM respectively. The CaO treatment increased (p < 0.001) the aerobic stability of the in natura and 10‐day burned silages by 62.7 and 24.7 hr respectively. In a feedlot experiment, feeding 1‐day burned silage reduced DM intake of steers throughout the feedlot period (0–93 days; p < 0.05) compared with that of steers fed in natura silage diet, but the average daily gain (ADG) was lower (p = 0.006) only during the adaptation period (?0.16 kg/day; 0–28 days). The CaO application decreased DM intake (p = 0.007; ?1.17 kg/day) and ADG (p < 0.001; ?0.13 kg/day) of steers only during the adaptation period likely owing to low silage palatability caused by increased Ca and butyric acid concentrations (≥11.6 g/kg DM). We recommend feeding beef cattle with CaO‐treated burned sugarcane silages in low‐dietary concentration because of its high butyric acid concentration.  相似文献   

Influence of Pygoscelis Penguin Colonies on Cu and Pb Concentrations in Soils on the Ardley Peninsula,Maritime Antarctica     

Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño  Lucila Moreno  Roberto Urrutia  Alberto Araneda  Ricardo Barra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):390

Penguins can bioaccumulate metals, a portion of which can be deposited in the environment through organic remains such as excrement, carcasses, and eggshells. In order to determine Cu and Pb concentrations and their relationship to soil, organic matter and grain size were determined in 27 samples collected in zones without penguins, penguin transit zones, and Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Chinstrap (P. antarctica), and Gentoo penguin (P. papua) colonies on the Ardley Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. An atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis was carried out, organic matter was determined by loss on ignition, and grain size was measured with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The principal component analysis shows a relationship between the variables Cu, Pb, and grain size and areas with penguin presence. Cu concentrations in soils varied among areas (χ², 15.707; p =?0.0004), with higher concentrations in transit zones and penguin colonies (142.63 and 140.79 mg/kg, respectively) than in zones without penguins (83.33 mg/kg). Pb concentrations in soils also varied among areas (χ², 6.5029; p =?0.0387), and were higher in transit zones (5.92 mg/kg) than in the penguin colonies (4.45 mg/kg). Grain size differed significantly among areas (χ², 13.506; p =?0.0012), with higher values in transit zones (avg. 37.38 μm) than in penguin colonies (avg. 26.93 μm) and zones without penguins (avg. 20.72 μm). Organic matter did not differ significantly among the studied zones (χ², 2.0882; p =?0.3520). There is a positive correlation between Cu-Pb (Rho, 0.5532; p =?0.0028), Cu-grain size (Rho, 0.4756; p =?0.0130) and Pb-grain size (Rho, 0.4879; p =?0.0098). The presence of penguins increases Cu concentrations in Antarctic soils due to its bioaccumulation and elimination through excrement; however, the presence of penguins has a minor influence on Pb concentration in soil, probably because this metal is stored efficiently in bones, feathers, and eggshells.  相似文献   

EuMIXFOR empirical forest mensuration and ring width data from pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris L.</Emphasis>) and European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica L.</Emphasis>) through Europe     

Michael Heym  Ricardo Ruíz-Peinado  Miren Del Río  Kamil Bielak  David I. Forrester  Gerald Dirnberger  Ignacio Barbeito  Gediminas Brazaitis  Indrė Ruškytkė  Lluís Coll  Marek Fabrika  Lars Drössler  Magnus Löf  Hubert Sterba  Václav Hurt  Viktor Kurylyak  Fabio Lombardi  Dejan Stojanović  Jan Den Ouden  Renzo Motta  Maciej Pach  Jerzy Skrzyszewski  Quentin Ponette  Géraud De Streel  Vit Sramek  Tomáš Čihák  Tzvetan M. Zlatanov  Admir Avdagic  Christian Ammer  Kris Verheyen  Buraczyk Włodzimierz  Andrés Bravo-Oviedo  Hans Pretzsch 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(3):63

  相似文献   

Evaluation of intra-ring wood density profiles using NIRS: comparison with the X-ray method     

Ricardo Baettig  Jorge Cornejo  Jorge Guajardo 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(1):13

  相似文献   

Surfactant-Assisted Sono-breakage of Wastewater Particles for Improved UV Disinfection     

Ricardo A. Torres-Palma  John Gibson  Ian G. Droppo  Peter Seto  Ramin Farnood 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(3):106

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of wastewater is adversely affected by the presence of particle-associated bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that disrupting these particles by ultrasonic cavitation can enhance the UV disinfection of wastewater. However, the use of ultrasound as a pretreatment technology for UV disinfection is hindered by its high energy demand. In this work, the addition of several organic solutes, including 1-propanol, 1-hexanol, and pentyl acetate, to promote the cavitation process and to improve the breakage of wastewater particles was examined. It was found that the enhancement in the cavitation and the breakage efficiency of particles was positively related to the hydrophobicity of surfactant. In addition, particle breakage was a function of the concentration of surfactant as well as the delivered ultrasound energy density. Sonication of wastewater samples containing small amounts of 1-hexanol (16 mM) or pentyl acetate (12 mM) increased the UV disinfection efficiency and decreased the required UV dose to achieve the disinfection target by a factor of more than 2.5.  相似文献   

Photosynthesis,growth, and fruit yield of cucumber in response to oxo-degradable plastic mulches     

Gorgonio López-Tolentino  Adrián Méndez-Prieto  A. Javier Lozano-del Río  Ricardo H. Lira-Saldivar  José H. Valenzuela-Soto 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(1):77-84

The use of plastic mulch is associated with a higher increase in yield of vegetables. However, at the end of the growing season for each crop, plastic mulching can create environmental pollution that can cause negative impacts on the environment that could be solved by the use of degradable plastics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxo-degradable plastic mulches on soil temperature, growth, gas exchange, and cucumber crop yield. The study was conducted in two locations in the northeast of Mexico during the spring and summer of 2013. The plastic mulch colors with additives were blue, green, and red and each color having 8% and 12% of pigment and 22% and 23% of Titanium dioxide (Rutile). The resultant treatments were compared with the black plastic mulch, which is the standard plastic in the world, and bare soil in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations. The mean soil temperature at both locations was statistically higher in black plastic mulch, followed by the oxo-degradable plastics mulches and lowest in the control. Gas exchange was not affected by plastic mulches. SPAD units as the index of chlorophyll content in leaves were very little affected by plastic mulch. Both, commercial and total yield were statistically similar in the oxo-degradable plastic mulches and the black plastic mulch, and lowest in the control. Plastics with higher concentrations of pigment registered higher degradation in both locations. Our results suggest that different plastic mulches impact positively on the yield of cucumber crop. The benefit in yield by the different plastic mulches in the conditions of this study was due to their soil warming ability that results in improved soil temperature, leaf area, and plant dry weight.  相似文献