Enhanced mechanical performance of CNT/Polymer composite yarns by γ-irradiation     

Jackie Y. Cai  Jie Min  Menghe Miao  Jeffrey S. Church  Jill McDonnell  Robert Knott  Stephen Hawkins  Chi Huynh 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(2):322-325

Multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) spun yarns were subjected to γ-irradiation in an oxygen rich environment, followed by the application of epoxy to form CNT/epoxy composite yarns with a high CNT fraction. The method for fabrication of the CNT/polymer composite yarns was presented, and the effect of γ-irradiation on the mechanical performance of the pure CNT spun yarns and their epoxy composite yarns were studied. The γ-irradiated CNT yarns were also characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study have demonstrated that the γ-irradiation is an effective micro-engineering tool to improve mechanical properties of the CNT spun yarn and its epoxy composite yarn.  相似文献   

Protection of piglets against a virulent New Zealand isolate of Aujeszky's disease virus by vaccination with a novel genetically-engineered vaccine     

R.E. Oliver  M.X.J. Motha  R.W. Worthington  M.E. Penrose  W.S. Poole 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):100-101

Abstract

AIMS: To modify and validate an existing swine erysipelas ELISA for use with poultry serum and to assess the safety of a swine erysipelas vaccine for use in New Zealand layer birds.

METHODS: An existing swine erysipelas ELISA was modified for use in domestic poultry and was validated using sera from birds injected with either 2 mL of a commercially available killed swine erysipelas vaccine (low-dose; n=12 birds), 4 mL of vaccine (high-dose; n=11 birds), or 2 mL saline (control; n=11 birds) on Day 0 and again on Day 21. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 21, 42, and 63, and safety of the vaccine for use in layer birds was determined by assessing cloacal temperature and injection site reactions in birds at 0, 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-vaccination.

RESULTS: The ELISA that was developed had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 98%, respectively, after being optimised for a positive cut-off at an optical density (OD) ≥1.50 read at 450-nm wavelength. OD readings were higher on Days 21, 42, and 63 than Day 0 in both the low-dose and high-dose groups (p<0.05), and differed amongst the three groups on Days 21, 42, and 63 (p<0.05), suggesting that vaccination using either dose induced detectable levels of antibody, even after a single dose. In addition, the high-dose protocol induced higher levels of antibody production than the low-dose protocol. No local or systemic reactions to the vaccine were observed and cloacal temperatures remained in the normal biological range after vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS: The ELISA that was developed had satisfactory diagnostic performance characteristics and the vaccine appeared to be safe for use in layer birds. However, the study design did not permit an assessment of the vaccine's efficacy to protect birds from clinical erysipelas.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A diagnostic ELISA has been developed for determining the exposure of layer birds to E. rhusiopathiae. The test will be useful for monitoring flock-level erysipelas, response to vaccination, and in epidemiological studies designed to identify risk factors for exposure to the disease.  相似文献   

Development of maternal and foetal immune responses in cattle following experimental challenge with Neospora caninum at day 210 of gestation     

Paul M Bartley  Frank Katzer  Mara S Rocchi  Stephen W Maley  Julio Benavides  Mintu Nath  Yvonne Pang  Germán Cantón  Jackie Thomson  Francesca Chianini  Elisabeth A Innes 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):91

This study examined the immunological responses of pregnant cattle and their foetuses following an experimental challenge with live Neospora caninum tachyzoites at day 210 of gestation. Animals were bled prior to and weekly throughout the experiment and sacrificed at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post inoculation (dpi). At post mortem examination, samples of lymph nodes and spleen were collected from both dam and foetus for immunological analysis. Subcutaneous (sc) inoculation over the left prefemoral (LPF) lymph node of pregnant cattle at day 210 of gestation, led to the vertical transmission of parasites by 14 dpi, however no foetal deaths were observed in the infected animals. Foetuses from infected dams mounted Neospora-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by 14 dpi. These responses involved anti-Neospora IgG, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and the production of the cytokines IFN–γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. There was also evidence of innate immunity during the response against Neospora from infected dams, with statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in mean expression of toll like receptors (TLR)-2 on 56 dpi in maternal spleen, LPF, right prefemoral (RPF), left uterine (LUL) and right uterine (RUL) lymph nodes and TLR-9 in retropharyngeal (RLN), LPF and RPF lymph nodes from 28 dpi. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in mean TLR-9 were detected in spleen samples from foetuses of infected dams, compared to the foetuses from control animals. Our results show that vertical transmission of the parasite occurred in all infected dams, with their foetuses showing effective Neospora-specific cell mediated, humoral and innate immune responses.  相似文献   

SURVIVAL TIMES FOR CANINE INTRANASAL SARCOMAS TREATED WITH RADIATION THERAPY: 86 CASES (1996–2011)     

Evan Sones  Annette Smith  Stephanie Schleis  William Brawner  Gregory Almond  Kathryn Taylor  Siobhan Haney  Jackie Wypij  Michele Keyerleber  Jennifer Arthur  Terrance Hamilton  Jessica Lawrence  Tracy Gieger  Rance Sellon  Zack Wright 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(2):194-201

Sarcomas comprise approximately one‐third of canine intranasal tumors, however few veterinary studies have described survival times of dogs with histologic subtypes of sarcomas separately from other intranasal tumors. One objective of this study was to describe median survival times for dogs treated with radiation therapy for intranasal sarcomas. A second objective was to compare survival times for dogs treated with three radiation therapy protocols: daily‐fractionated radiation therapy; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday fractionated radiation therapy; and palliative radiation therapy. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that had been treated with radiation therapy for confirmed intranasal sarcoma. A total of 86 dogs met inclusion criteria. Overall median survival time for included dogs was 444 days. Median survival time for dogs with chondrosarcoma (n = 42) was 463 days, fibrosarcoma (n = 12) 379 days, osteosarcoma (n = 6) 624 days, and undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 22) 344 days. Dogs treated with daily‐fractionated radiation therapy protocols; Monday, Wednesday and Friday fractionated radiation therapy protocols; and palliative radiation therapy protocols had median survival times of 641, 347, and 305 days, respectively. A significant difference in survival time was found for dogs receiving curative intent radiation therapy vs. palliative radiation therapy (P = 0.032). A significant difference in survival time was also found for dogs receiving daily‐fractionated radiation therapy vs. Monday, Wednesday and Friday fractionated radiation therapy (P = 0.0134). Findings from this study support the use of curative intent radiation therapy for dogs with intranasal sarcoma. Future prospective, randomized trials are needed for confirmation of treatment benefits.  相似文献   

Choosing front-of-package food labelling nutritional criteria: how smart were 'Smart Choices'?     

Roberto CA  Bragg MA  Livingston KA  Harris JL  Thompson JM  Seamans MJ  Brownell KD 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(2):262-267

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An integrated study of grain development of wheat (cv. Hereward)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter R. Shewry  Rowan A.C. Mitchell  Paola Tosi  Yongfang Wan  Claudia Underwood  Alison Lovegrove  Jackie Freeman  Geraldine A. Toole  E.N. Clare Mills  Jane L. Ward 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

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A new method for brightening wool in a dye bath     

Jackie Y. Cai 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(4):502-507

A new method for brightening wool during dyeing has been developed using tert-butylamine borane in the dyebath. The method was found to be significantly superior to current industrial practice using hydroxylammonium sulphate or its derivatives. The effects of tert-butylamine borane on dye shades and dyeing quality have also been assessed with a range of commercial wool dyes. The results of this study have shown that the new method is effective in preventing hydrothermal wool yellowing during dyeing, and can produce brighter shades of dyeings without significantly altering the dye shades or impairing the dyeing fastness and mechanical properties of the dyed wool under the conditions examined. The advantages of the concurrent bleaching and dyeing method over conventional bleaching and dyeing processes include reduced processing time, improved energy efficiency, and lower water consumption, arising from reduction in the number of fiber treatment steps.  相似文献   

Assessment of inoculation methods to identify resistance to Fusarium crown rot in wheat     

Erginbas-Orakci  Gul  Poole  Grant  Nicol  Julie M.  Paulitz  Timothy  Dababat  Abdelfattah A.  Campbell  Kimberley 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2016,123(1):19-27

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Crown rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum, is one of the most pervasive diseases of wheat throughout the world. Fusarium...  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) resistance gene Rsg1 in barley     

Perumal Azhaguvel  Dolores Mornhinweg  Dhanasekaran Vidya‐Saraswathi  Jackie C. Rudd  Konstantin Chekhovskiy  Malay Saha  Timothy J. Close  Lynn S. Dahleen  Yiqun Weng 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):227-233

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) is an extremely damaging aphid pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) particularly in the southern Great Plains of the USA. The simply inherited, dominant resistance gene Rsg1 is in all greenbug‐resistant US barley cultivars. In this study, we conducted molecular mapping of Rsg1 using an F_2:3 population derived from a cross between the greenbug‐resistant Post 90*4/R015 and susceptible CI2260 inbred lines. Segregation of host responses to greenbug biotype E infestation confirmed that a single dominant gene is responsible for greenbug resistance in Post 90*4/R015. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers evenly distributed along the seven barley chromosomes were employed for the construction of a framework genetic map. Linkage analysis placed the Rsg1 locus in the long arm of chromosome 3H (3HL) flanked by SSR markers Bmag0877 and GBM1420 that were 35 cM apart. Polymorphic single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in 3HL were identified from an Illumina GoldenGate SNP assay and used for targeted mapping to locate Rsg1 to an 8.4‐cM interval. Comparative analysis identified syntenic genomic regions in Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 2, in which 37 putative genes were annotated including a NB‐LRR‐type resistance gene homologue that may be a potential candidate gene for the Rsg1 locus of barley. Results from this study offer a starting point for fine mapping and cloning of this aphid resistance gene in barley.  相似文献   

Prevention of Brca1-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in mice by a progesterone antagonist     

Poole AJ  Li Y  Kim Y  Lin SC  Lee WH  Lee EY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1467-1470

Women with mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 are predisposed to breast and ovarian cancers. Why the BRCA1 protein suppresses tumor development specifically in ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues remains unclear. We demonstrate that mammary glands of nulliparous Brca1/p53-deficient mice accumulate lateral branches and undergo extensive alveologenesis, a phenotype that occurs only during pregnancy in wild-type mice. Progesterone receptors, but not estrogen receptors, are overexpressed in the mutant mammary epithelial cells because of a defect in their degradation by the proteasome pathway. Treatment of Brca1/p53-deficient mice with the progesterone antagonist mifepristone (RU 486) prevented mammary tumorigenesis. These findings reveal a tissue-specific function for the BRCA1 protein and raise the possibility that antiprogesterone treatment may be useful for breast cancer prevention in individuals with BRCA1 mutations.  相似文献