Red‐light stimulation of boar semen prior to artificial insemination improves field fertility in farms: A worldwide survey     

Olga Blanco Prieto  Jaime Cataln  Marcel Lleonart  Sergi Bonet  Marc Yeste  Joan E. Rodríguez‐Gil 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(8):1145-1148

A survey of in vivo fertility data from 31 pig farms distributed worldwide was conducted to determine whether stimulating boar semen with LED‐based red light increases its reproductive performance following artificial insemination (AI). Red‐light stimulation with MaXipig^® was found to increase farrowing rates (mean ± SEM, control: 87.2% ± 0.4% vs. light stimulation 90.3% ± 0.5%) and the number of both total and live newborn piglets. Red‐light stimulation increased farrowing rates in 27 farms, with an increase ranging from 0.2% to 9.1%. Similar results were observed in litter sizes. Suboptimal management after AI was suggested in those farms with no response to red‐light stimulation. Our results indicate that a routine use of red‐light stimulation of boar semen can have a positive effect on the reproductive performance. However, the effectiveness of this system appears to highly rely upon proper management of pig farms.  相似文献   

Lumbar erector spinae plane block: an anatomical and dye distribution evaluation of two ultrasound-guided approaches in canine cadavers     

Roger Medina-Serra  Andrew Foster  Mark Plested  Sandra Sanchis  Francisco Gil-Cano  Jaime Viscasillas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):125-133

ObjectiveTo examine the anatomy of the lumbar epaxial region and to describe two different ultrasound-guided approaches for the lumbar erector spinae plane (ESP) block in dogs.Study designAn anatomical and experimental cadaver study.AnimalsA group of 19 canine cadavers.MethodsThe anatomy was described following dissection of two cadavers. Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP injections with 0.4 mL kg^–1 of contrast dye were performed in 17 adult Beagle cadavers using either transversal (TVS) or parasagittal (PST) approaches. Computed tomography was performed to measure the total length of the contrast dye column and the epidural, intravascular, hypaxial and intra-abdominal migration. Dissections were performed to assess the spread of the contrast dye and to determine the degree of staining of the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves (DBSN). Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests were used to compare data between groups.ResultsUsing both techniques, the contrast dye was observed within the ESP compartment. There was no difference in the total length of the contrast dye column between TVS and PST approaches (p = 0.056). Using the TVS approach, multisegmental staining of the DBSN was visible with 100% (17/17) of injections, while complete staining of the DBSN was achieved at 94% of the injection sites. Using the PST approach, these values were 29% (5/17) and 23% (4/17), respectively. The TVS approach stained more DBSN than the PST approach (p = 0.001), with a median (range) of 2 (2–3) versus 0 (0–3) DBSN, respectively. Using the TVS approach, epidural and intravascular migration were present in 2/17 (p = 0.485) and 3/17 (p = 0.227) injections, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBoth ultrasound-guided approaches resulted in a spread of the contrast dye within the ESP compartment. Although there were no differences in the total length of the contrast dye column, the TVS approach was superior to the PST approach in staining DBSN.  相似文献   

A novel pentacyclic triterpene from Leontodon filii     

Tostão Z  Noronha JP  Cabrita EJ  Medeiros J  Justino J  Bermejo J  Rauter AP 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):173-180

A novel oleanene triterpenetetrol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Leontodon filii. Its structure was shown to be 2beta,3beta,15alpha,21beta-olean-12-ene-2,3,15,21-tetrol by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The fungicidal efficacy of the chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant was also evaluated, a protective effect being found against Plasmopara viticola, Botrytis cinerea, particularly powerful against Pyricularia oryzae.  相似文献   

Isolation and structural elucidation of eight new related analogues of the mycotoxin (-)-botryodiplodin from Penicillium coalescens     

Cabedo N  López-Gresa MP  Primo J  Ciavatta ML  González-Mas MC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(17):6977-6983

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the organic extract derived from the terrestrial fungus Penicillium coalescens led to the isolation of the known mycotoxin (-)-botryodiplodin (1) and eight new structurally related analogues (2-9). The structures of the novel compounds were determined by MS and NMR studies, including 1D and 2D NMR. A likely biogenetic pathway from the aldehydic open form of 1 (C7 unit, U1) is proposed for these metabolites. Among all the isolated metabolites, only (-)-1 showed antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal activity. This latter activity appears to be a new property attributed to (-)-1.  相似文献   

Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in conifers     

Jaime A.Teixeira da Silva  Ravindra B.Malabadi 《林业研究》2012,23(4):503-515

This review seeks to examine the extreme response of isolated somatic plant cells of apical meristematic tissues of mature conifer trees towards specific stress conditions in vitro resulting in somatic embryogenesis.Signal molecules regulating embryo development have been described in angiosperms,but very little is known about somatic rejuvenation in conifers.Recent studies on cloning of mature conifers provide new perspectives on signal molecules on cellular dedifferentiation into the embryogenic pathway.Our recent studies show that signal molecules such as butenolide,calcium ions,salicylic acid,antioxidants,amino acids,triacontanol and 24-epibrassinolide all play an important role in the conversion of somatic cells into an embryogenic pathway in many recalcitrant pines.This constitutes a major breakthrough in forest biotechnology with many practical applications in clonal forestry.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and relationships in accessions from different cultivar groups and origins in the tree tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum betaceum</Emphasis> Cav.)     

Pablo G. Acosta-Quezada  Santiago Vilanova  Juan B. Martínez-Laborde  Jaime Prohens 《Euphytica》2012,187(1):87-97

Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is an Andean small tree cultivated for its juicy fruits. Little information is available on the characterization of genetic resources and breeding of this neglected crop. We have studied the molecular diversity with AFLP markers using 11 combinations of primers of a collection of 25 S. betaceum accessions belonging to four cultivar groups, most of which had been previously morphologically characterized, as well as one accession of the wild relative S. cajanumense. A total of 197 AFLP fragments were scored, of which 84 (43 %) were polymorphic. When excluding S. cajanumense from the analysis, the number of polymorphic AFLP fragments was 78 (40 %). Unique AFLP fingerprints were obtained for every accession, but no AFLP fragments specific and universal to any of the four cultivar groups were found. The total genetic diversity (H _T ) of cultivated accessions was H _T  = 0.2904, while for cultivar groups it ranged from H _T  = 0.1846 in the orange group to H _T  = 0.2498 in the orange pointed group. Genetic differentiation among cultivar groups (G _ST ) was low (G _ST  = 0.2248), which was matched by low values of genetic distance among cultivar groups. The diversity of collections from Ecuador, which we hypothesize is a center of diversity for tree tomato, was similar to that from other origins (H _T  = 0.2884 and H _T  = 0.2645, respectively). Cluster and PCoA analyses clearly separated wild S. cajanumense from the cultivated species. However, materials of different cultivar groups and origins were intermingled in both analyses. The Mantel test correlation coefficient of the matrices of morphological and AFLP distances was low (−0.024) and non-significant. Overall, the results show that a wide diversity is present in each of the cultivar groups, indicate that Ecuador may be regarded as a center of accumulation of diversity for this crop, and confirm that AFLP and morphological characterization data are complementary. The results obtained are of value for the conservation of genetic resources and breeding of tree tomato, as an assessment of the genetic diversity and relationships among different cultivar groups and geographic origins is obtained.  相似文献   

Influence of the stage for anther excision and heterostyly in embryogenesis induction from eggplant anther cultures     

Pablo?Salas  Alba?Rivas-Sendra  Jaime?Prohens  José?M.?Seguí-SimarroEmail author 《Euphytica》2012,184(2):235-250

In this work we address two aspects of eggplant flower biology potentially involved on the efficiency of anther culture: the selection of the best floral stage to extract anthers for culture, and the effect of heterostyly in the identification of suitable buds and anthers. For 12 different accessions, we determined morphological criteria (length ranges) to identify buds and anthers enriched in vacuolate microspores and young bicellular pollen, the stages most responsive to embryogenesis induction. While these microspore/pollen stages were the most responsive when isolated and cultured in liquid medium, we observed that culture of anthers containing these stages is not the best choice. Instead, the highest response was found for younger anthers, containing mostly young and mid microspores. We analyzed eggplant anther walls and found that their particular thickness may be behind this apparent discrepancy, since they may delay the diffusion of inducing factors to the anther locule, reducing their effect over inducible microspores. Thus, the culture of younger anthers would allow for younger microspores to grow up to the inducible stages while factors are entering the locule. We also analyzed the embryogenic response of short and long-styled buds present in Cristal, a heterostylic cultivar. Our results demonstrated that each floral morph produced buds and anthers of different lengths, but equally useful for anther culture, since similar amounts of embryos were produced. The practical application of these results may improve the efficiency of anther culture not only in these cultivars, but in others also presenting thick anther walls and heterostyly.  相似文献   

Increase in size and nitrogen concentration enhances seedling survival in Mediterranean plantations. Insights from an ecophysiological conceptual model of plant survival   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Pedro Villar-Salvador  Jaime Puértolas  Bárbara Cuesta  Juan L. Pe?uelas  Mercedes Uscola  Norberto Heredia-Guerrero  José M. Rey Benayas 《New Forests》2012,43(5-6):755-770

Reduction in size and tissue nutrient concentration is widely considered to increase seedling drought resistance in dry and oligotrophic plantation sites. However, much evidence indicates that increase in size and tissue nutrient concentration improves seedling survival in Mediterranean forest plantations. This suggests that the ecophysiological processes and functional attributes relevant for early seedling survival in Mediterranean climate must be reconsidered. We propose a ecophysiological conceptual model for seedling survival in Mediterranean-climate plantations to provide a physiological explanation of the frequent positive relationship between outplanting performance and seedling size and nutrient concentration. The model considers the physiological processes outlined in the plantation establishment model of Burdett (Can J For Res 20:415–427, 1990), but incorporates other physiological processes that drive seedling survival, such as N remobilization, carbohydrate storage and plant hydraulics. The model considers that seedling survival in Mediterranean climates is linked to high growth capacity during the wet season. The model is for container plants and is based on three main principles, (1) Mediterranean climates are not dry the entire year but usually have two seasons of contrasting water availability; (2) summer drought is the main cause of seedling mortality; in this context, deep and large roots is a key trait for avoiding lethal water stress; (3) attainment of large root systems in the dry season is promoted when seedlings have high growth during the wet season. High growth is achieved when seedlings can divert large amount of resources to support new root and shoot growth. Functional traits that confer high photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization capacity, and non-structural carbohydrate storage promote high growth. Increases in seedling size and nutrient concentration strongly affect these physiological processes. Traits that confer high drought resistance are of low value during the wet season because hinder growth capacity. We provide specific evidence to support the model and finally we discuss its implications and the factors that may alter the frequent increase in performance with increase in seedling size and tissue nutrient concentration.  相似文献   

From commercial embryo transfer to assisted reproduction technology     

Fernando L. Riera  Jaime E. Roldán  Mercedes Grunwaldt  Isabel C. Velez  Young-Ho Choi  Katrin Hinrichs 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Biocontrol traits of plant growth suppressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root rot in tomato caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium aphanidermatum</Emphasis>     

John?LarsenEmail author  James?H.?Graham  Jaime?Cubero  Sabine?Ravnskov 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(2):361-369

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi known to cause plant growth depressions in tomato were examined for their biocontrol effects against root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. The main hypothesis was that plant growth suppressive AM fungi would elicit a defence response in the host plant reducing Pythium root rot development. To test this hypothesis a fully factorial experiment was performed with AM fungi (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, G. claroideum or nonmycorrhizal), Pythium (± P. aphanidermatum) and harvest (7 and 14 days after pathogen inoculation (dapi)) as the main factors. Two weeks after AM fungi inoculation, roots were challenged with P. aphanidermatum. Variables evaluated at each harvest were root colonization levels of the interacting fungi, plant growth responses, and expression of a plant pathogenesis related protein gene (PR-1). All of the tested AM fungi caused marked growth suppressions, but did not affect PR-1 gene expression or the phosphorous concentration in the host plant. Plants singly inoculated with P. aphanidermatum had an increased PR-1 expression and phosphorous concentration. Among the AM fungi included in the study only G. intraradices reduced the pathogen root infection level, measured both in terms of Pythium ELISA and by recovery on selective media and only at the first harvest. Likewise, P. aphanidermatum root infection reduced colonization levels of G. intraradices, but not that of the two other AM fungi. In conclusion, plant growth suppressive AM fungi may offer plant beneficial traits in terms of biocontrol of root cortical pathogens.  相似文献