Spatial variability of close-to-primeval Fagus–Abies–Picea forests in the Western Carpathians (Central Europe): a step towards a generalised pattern     

Jarosław G. Paluch  Zbigniew Kołodziej  Maciej Pach  Rafał Jastrzębski 《European Journal of Forest Research》2015,134(2):235-246

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Desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation of seeds of black poplar (Populus nigra L.), a disappearing tree species in Europe     

Marcin Michalak  Beata P. Plitta  Tadeusz Tylkowski  Paweł Chmielarz  Jan Suszka 《European Journal of Forest Research》2015,134(1):53-60

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Synthesis and phytotoxicity of new ionic liquids incorporating chiral cations and/or chiral anions     

Bałczewski P  Bachowska B  Białas T  Biczak R  Wieczorek WM  Balińska A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1881-1892

The aim of this work was to synthesize chiral ionic liquids as chiral solvents for organic synthesis and to evaluate the phyto(eco)toxicity of the new products and starting N-alkylimidazoles and their potential environmental influence on soil and plants. Chiral ionic liquids containing anions such as Cl-, Br-, TsO-, PF6(-), NO3(-), CF3SO3(-), and (+)- and (-)-C6H5CH(OH)C(O)O- were synthesized using (-)-(1R)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethyl [(-)-(1R)-nopyl] halides (X = Cl, Br) and tosylate in 62-100% yields. The chloride 7 and the nitrate 13 ionic liquids possessed a toxicity dependent on the applied concentration. The lowest concentration causing a distinct reduction in plant germination/growth was 100 mg/kg. Spring barley better tolerated the ionic liquids (200 mg/kg) than common radish (100 mg/kg). The nitrate liquid did not exhibit an inhibiting effect on the germination ability of seeds. The starting N-methylimidazole used in lower concentrations (1 and 10 mg/kg of soil dry weight) was not phytotoxic, in contrast to higher doses (>1000 mg/kg).  相似文献   

Plant P5C reductase as a new target for aminomethylenebisphosphonates     

Forlani G  Giberti S  Berlicki L  Petrollino D  Kafarski P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4340-4347

A series of N-substituted derivatives of aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid were evaluated as potential inhibitors of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.2), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis, partially purified from Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultured cells. At millimolar concentrations, three compounds out of 26 were found to interfere with the catalytic mechanism. One of them, namely, 3,5-dichloropyridyl-aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid, retained such inhibitory activity in the micromolar range. Kinetic analyses ruled out the possibility that the inhibition could simply rely upon the chelating properties of bisphosphonates and showed mechanisms of a noncompetitive type against NADH and an uncompetitive type against delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, with KI values of 199 +/- 6 and 10.3 +/- 1.5 microM, respectively. A computer-aided docking analysis, performed on the basis of the crystal structure of the enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes, suggested that this phosphonate may interact with amino acid residues near the binding site of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, thus blocking the substrate in a pocket and preventing its interaction with NADH. Because in higher plants the step catalyzed by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase is shared by all pathways leading to proline synthesis, such a compound may represent a lead structure to be exploited for the design of new substances endowed with herbicidal activity.  相似文献   

Survival,growth and photochemical efficiency of silver fir seedlings produced with different technologies     

Robakowski  Piotr  Pietrzak  Tomasz  Kowalkowski  Wojciech  Małecki  Grzegorz 《New Forests》2021,52(6):1055-1077

New Forests - Forest tree seedling production technologies impact reforestation success determined with survival and quality of seedlings. Five Abies alba seedling production technologies were...  相似文献   

Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.     

Zdzisław Zakęś  Krystyna Demska-zakęś  Krzysztof Kata 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(3):277-288

The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg^–1 h^–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1, respectively.  相似文献   

Influence of oral co-administration of a preparation containing calcium and magnesium and food on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics     

Hubert Ziółkowski  Jerzy J. Jaroszewski  Tomasz Maślanka  Tomasz Grabowski  Kinga Katolik  Justyna Pawęska  Małgorzata Siemianowska  Agnieszka Jasiecka  Włodzimierz Markiewicz  Anna Spodniewska 《Research in veterinary science》2014

The objective of this study has been to determine the influence of food and ions on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in turkeys, administered per os at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). Co-administration of ENRO with ions or with food significantly retarded its absorption, and the interaction was more pronounced when the drug was given together with food. The bioavailability of ENRO was 65.78 ± 7.81% and 47.99 ± 9.48% with ions and food, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) in plasma of animals exposed to ions reached 0.87 ± 0.26 μg/ml in a t_max of 2.07 ± 0.76 h; in animals which were fed while medicated, the analogous parameters were 0.36 ± 0.13 μg/ml and 8.06 ± 3.08 h. The PK/PD analysis demonstrated that a decrease in the concentration of ENRO in turkeys’ blood due to the interaction with ions or food might impair the drug's clinical efficacy toward some pathogenic microorganisms in turkeys if a routine dose of 10 mg ENRO/kg b.w. is administered.  相似文献   

Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops     

Rafał Ważny 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(7):801-810

Context

The requirement for rebuilding forecrop stands besides replacement of meadow vegetation with forest plants and formation of soil humus is the presence of a compatible ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community.

Aims

This study aims to assess ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity associated with silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings regenerating in silver fir stands and Scots pine forecrops.

Methods

One-year-old seedlings were sampled in six study sites: three mature fir forests and three pine forests. ECM fungi were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA.

Results

The mean mycorrhizal colonization exceeded 90 %. Thirty-six ectomycorrhizal taxa were identified in fir stands and 23 in pine forecrops; ten out of these species were common to both stands. The fungal communities were different between study sites (R?=?0.1721, p?=?0.0001). Tomentella stuposa was the only species present at all sites.

Conclusion

Silver fir seedlings in Scots pine forecrops supported smaller ECM fungal communities than communities identified in mature silver fir stands. Nevertheless, fungal colonization of seedling roots was similar in both cases. This suggests that pine stands afforested on formerly arable land bear enough ECM species to allow survival and growth of silver fir seedlings.  相似文献   

The effects of different types of management,functions, and characteristics of stands in Polish forests on the amount of coarse woody debris     

Jan Banaś  Leszek Bujoczek  Stanisław Zięba  Marek Drozd 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(6):1095-1107

In the modern forestry paradigm, many factors influence the amount of coarse woody debris (CWD). The present paper analyzes the effects of both local (national) programs (special functions of forests) and European programs (Natura 2000 sites), as well as the individual characteristics of forest stands. The study was conducted on 2,752 sampling plots distributed over an area of about 17,500 ha and located in lowland stands having a species composition typical of large areas in central Europe. Natura 2000 areas contained significantly more CWD (8.4 m³/ha) than areas not covered by the program (4.8 m³/ha). However, this is due to the fact that Natura 2000 sites involve well-preserved forest areas, such as nature reserves (26.6 m³/ha). In the managed forests that have been covered by the Natura 2000 program over the past several years, the volume of CWD has not increased. Forests with ecological and social functions differed slightly in the amount of CWD. More CWD occurred in protected animal areas (8.7 m³/ha) than in stands damaged by industry (3.9 m³/ha). Intermediate CWD levels were found in water-protection forests and in forests located around cities and military facilities. In managed forests, the lowest CWD volume was observed in middle-aged stands. The species composition of the stand had little effect on the volume of CWD. Only stands with a predominance of ash and alder had higher CWD levels (13.5 m³/ha). More CWD was found in stands whose species composition did not represent the potential site quality (6.4 m³/ha) than in habitats with the optimum species composition (3.8 m³/ha). CWD volume should be systematically increased taking into consideration local natural conditions. Such efforts should be focused on particularly valuable regions, and especially on Natura 2000 sites, where the threshold values reported from other European forests should be reached. Leaving some trees to die naturally and retaining reasonable amounts of such trees ought to be incorporated into CWD management practice in Poland.  相似文献   

Are naringenin and quercetin useful chemicals in pest-management strategies?     

Sylwia Goławska  Iwona Sprawka  Iwona Łukasik  Artur Goławski 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):173-180

The effects of two polyphenolic flavonoids (flavanone naringenin and flavonol quercetin) on development, fecundity, and mortality of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were determined in vitro, on an artificial diets. Also determined in vitro (DC EPG method), on sucrose–agarose gels, were the effects of flavonoids on the probing and feeding behavior of adult apterae. When added to a liquid diet, higher concentrations of studied flavonoids increased the developmental time, the pre-reproductive period, and mortality and decreased fecundity and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of A. pisum. In most events associated with stylet activity (as indicated by EPG waveform g-C), differences in probing behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids; quercetin at 10, 100, and 1,000 µg cm^?3 prolonged the number of gel penetrations; and quercetin only at 10,000 μg cm^?3 prolonged the time the first g-C waveform was observed. Addition of flavonoids to the gels generally reduced passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). At higher concentrations (>1,000 µg cm^?3) the flavonoids completely stopped salivation (EPG waveform g-E1) and passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). In events associated with active ingestion (EPG waveform g-G), however, differences in feeding behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids. The present findings demonstrate detrimental effects of the flavanone naringenin and flavonol on the behavior of the pea aphid. This can be employed in a biotechnological projects for plant breeding resistant to herbivores, including aphids.  相似文献