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21.
Residues of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron were quantified on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves treated with a diflubenzuron 480 g litre?1 SC, Dimilin. To analyse the samples, an analytical procedure was developed involving a simple extraction step followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography on an octadecyl‐modified silica column with methanol + 0.01 M ammonium acetate mobile phase. The results showed diflubenzuron to be highly stable on horse chestnut leaves; more than 4 months (127 days) after application, 38% (on average) of the insecticide still remained on/in the leaves. The data confirmed biological observations showing diflubenzuron's long‐term efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimi?, which is the most important pest of the horse chestnut in Europe. The hypothesis of possible penetration of diflubenzuron into the leaf mass is explored and discussed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
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The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for hypothermic storage of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and oogonial stem cells (OSCs) of common carp Cyprinus carpio. This was conducted by storing gonadal tissue or isolated cells for 24 hr under hypothermic conditions in the first experiment and by testing two different storage media (L‐15 or DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 25 mM HEPES) and regular medium change (every 4 days) during two weeks of hypothermic storage in the second experiment. During the first 24 hr, isolated cells showed no decrease in viability, while cells obtained from hypothermically stored tissues displayed significantly lower viability after only 6 hr (Tukey's HSD, p < 0.01) indicating that hypothermic storage of isolated cells is superior to storing tissue pieces. The 2‐week trial demonstrated that storage media have a profound influence, while regular medium exchange does not have a positive effect on cell viability. Viability of SSCs and OSCs after two weeks was approximately 40% and 25%, respectively; however, survival of ~70% was obtained after 10 days of storage for SSCs and 7 days for OSCs. Hypothermic storage developed in this study has many practical applications during the development of surrogate broodstock technologies for common carp, but also in carp hatcheries and for the conservation of genetic resources of closely related cyprinid species.  相似文献   
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Two environmentally friendly innovative extraction techniques - subcritical water (SWE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were applied for the extraction of...  相似文献   
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An 8S storage globulin from buckwheat seed, which resembles the structure and features common to the vicilin-like family of seed storage proteins, was analyzed for this paper. It was found that expression of the 8S globulin gene precedes that of the 13S globulin (the main buckwheat storage protein) and starts from an early stage of buckwheat seed development (9-11 days after flowering), continuing to accumulate throughout seed development to contribute approximately 7% of total seed proteins. This protein fraction might be more interesting for biotechnological application than the 13S buckwheat legumin consisting of 23-25 kDa subunits reported to be the major buckwheat allergen. A partial cDNA was also isolated, showing high homology with cDNAs coding for vicilin-like storage proteins from various plant species, and its expression profile throughout seed development as well as in different buckwheat tissues was analyzed.  相似文献   
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Cryphonectria parasitica was detected for the first time in the United Kingdom in 2011. A 2017–2018 survey detected the disease at different sites in Berkshire, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset and London, while the present study comprises the results of the 2019–2020 survey with new findings and additional sites in the United Kingdom (Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, Derbyshire, Devon, London, West Sussex) and in Jersey, reflecting the progressive detection of more infected trees. A total of 189 samples were collected from 52 sites, and 123 samples tested positive both by quantitative real-time PCR and/or isolation from 43 sites. A total of 115 isolates were tested for mating type, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). Twelve VCGs were identified, with four of them being first records in United Kingdom. The highest diversity of VCGs was detected in Devon followed by West Sussex while London and Derbyshire presented the lowest. Both mating types were detected (41% MAT-1 and 59% MAT-2), and no heterokaryons were detected. Perithecia of C. parasitica were not observed at any site during this survey. CHV-1 was detected in three isolates in very low concentration from three different locations in London and was always the unmutated subtype I haplotype E-5. A greater diversity of VCGs at outbreak sites compared with previous surveys, combined with their scattered distribution and the slow spread of the pathogen, supports the hypothesis that this disease has been introduced through imports over time from Europe.  相似文献   
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Purpose

The objective of this research was to apply the same immobilization (stabilization/solidification) clay-based treatments to sediment contaminated with different metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr) with different distributions and availabilities in sediment. We also examined the possibility of using clay as an immobilization agent without the application of thermal treatment, in order to reduce the economic cost of this expensive remediation procedure.

Materials and methods

Clay from a canal in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, was used as the immobilization agent in a stabilization/solidification treatment to remediate metal-contaminated sediment. Semi-dynamic and toxicity characteristic leaching tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the nonthermal and thermal immobilization treatments with clay, and the long-term leaching behavior of these metals was determined using the following parameters: cumulative percentage of metals leached; diffusion coefficients; leachability indices; and toxicity characteristic leaching test concentration.

Results and discussion

Based on these parameters, both clay-based treatments were effective in immobilizing metals in the contaminated sediment. Results suggest that both heating temperature and clay proportion in the sediment–clay mixture impact the degree of metal immobilization.

Conclusions

Clay-based products are potentially good immobilization materials for metal-contaminated sediments, with the distribution of metals in the original sediment not influencing the efficacy of the treatments. Even without the thermal treatment, the metals were effectively immobilized. The leaching of metals was largely inside the regulatory limits and the treated samples can be regarded as nonhazardous materials. This justifies the choice of not applying the more expensive thermal treatment during remediation, especially when treating sediments containing a mixture of pollutants.  相似文献   
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