Ear Rot Susceptibility and Mycotoxin Contamination of Maize Hybrids Inoculated with Fusarium Species Under Field Conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michelangelo Pascale  Angelo Visconti  Jerzy Chelkowski 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(7):645-651

The development of new maize hybrids with resistance to Fusarium infection is an effective means of minimizing the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Several maize hybrids have been investigated for Fusarium ear rot and accumulation of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), fumonisin B₂ (FB₂), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FP) after artificial inoculation in the field with toxigenic strains of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. The year of inoculation had a significant influence on the disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation in maize kernels. Of all the hybrids tested, only Mona exhibited resistance to ear rot caused by F. verticillioides and produced low levels of fumonisins during three years of experiments. In Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, beauvericin and fusaproliferin were detected at concentrations much higher (up to 10–20 times) than in healthy-looking kernels (HLK). Animal and human exposure to these mycotoxins can be drastically reduced by removing mouldy and visibly damaged kernels from the commodity.  相似文献   

Effect of coniferyl alcohol addition on removal of chlorophenols from water effluent by fungal laccase   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nam-Seok Cho  Jerzy Rogalski  Magdalena Jaszek  Jolanta Luterek  Maria Wojtas-Wasilewska  Elzbieta Malarczyk  Monika Fink-Boots  Andrzej Leonowicz 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(2):174-178

The effect of coniferyl alcohol on removal of chlorinated phenols from a water environment byRhizoctonia praticola andCerrena unicolor laccases was studied. At optimal conditions in which 7 mM coniferyl alcohol and laccase were added to chlorinated phenols over 20h, about 34% of the radioactivity of 4-chlorophenol, 57% of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 66% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, and 85% of pentachlorophenol were removed from the supernatants, compared to the level without laccase activity. After 12-h incubation periods at the optimal concentrations of coniferyl alcohol and laccase (added simultaneously), the fast first phase of chlorophenol removal was complete in 1 h, and eventually coniferyl alcohol enhanced the removal of 4-chlorophenol by 40%, 2,4-dichlorophenol by 54%, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by 60%, and pentachlorophenol by 76%.  相似文献   

PML regulates apoptosis at endoplasmic reticulum by modulating calcium release     

Giorgi C  Ito K  Lin HK  Santangelo C  Wieckowski MR  Lebiedzinska M  Bononi A  Bonora M  Duszynski J  Bernardi R  Rizzuto R  Tacchetti C  Pinton P  Pandolfi PP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1247-1251

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor is a pleiotropic modulator of apoptosis. However, the molecular basis for such a diverse proapoptotic role is currently unknown. We show that extranuclear Pml was specifically enriched at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and at the mitochondria-associated membranes, signaling domains involved in ER-to-mitochondria calcium ion (Ca(2+)) transport and in induction of apoptosis. We found Pml in complexes of large molecular size with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R), protein kinase Akt, and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a). Pml was essential for Akt- and PP2a-dependent modulation of IP(3)R phosphorylation and in turn for IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release from ER. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pleiotropic role of Pml in apoptosis and identify a pharmacological target for the modulation of Ca(2+) signals.  相似文献   

Changes of Chemical Forms of Zinc and Zinc Sulfide During the Composting Process of Municipal Solid Waste     

Ciba  Jerzy  Zołotajkin  Maria  Cebula  Jan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,93(1-4):167-173

Changes of chemical forms of metallic zinc and zinc sulfide during the composting process of municipal solid waste in oxygen conditions have been determined. Speciation of zinc was carried out by means of sequential extraction. It has been found that contamination of the waste with Zn is dangerous to the environment because zinc accumulates in bioavailable forms - organically bound and carbonate. Zinc sulfide remains mainly in a less mobile sulfide form. The composting process increases the mobility of zinc insignificantly.  相似文献   

Effects of prostaglandin F(2alpha) and nitric oxide on the secretory function of bovine luteal cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Korzekwa A  Jaroszewski JJ  Bogacki M  Deptula KM  Maslanka TS  Acosta TJ  Okuda K  Skarzynski DJ 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(4):411-417

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF (2alpha)) and nitric oxide (NO) on production of steroids and PGs by culturing bovine luteal cells obtained from ovaries on days 8-12 of the estrous cycle with a nitric oxide (NO) donor (Spermine NONOate), and a NO synthase inhibitor (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester dihydrochloride: L-NAME). When the cells were exposed for 24 h to PGF(2alpha) (10(-7)-10(-5) M), production of progesterone (P(4)) increased significantly at all doses used (P<0.05). Moreover, PGF(2alpha) stimulated PGF(2alpha) production (P<0.01), depressed testosterone (T) production (P<0.05), but did not affect synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Spermine NONOate decreased P(4) production to 66%, 47% and 34% of the control concentration after treatment with 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M, respectively, but did not affect T production, and increased PGF(2alpha) synthesis (P<0.05) and PGE(2) (P<0.01) at all doses used. L-NAME increased production of P(4) (P<0.01) but did not affect (P>0.05) secretion of T, PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2). Estradiol-17beta (E(2)) was detectable on the level of sensitivity of assay and was not significantly altered by any treatments. The overall results suggest that PGF(2alpha) and NO produced locally in bovine CL play roles in the regulation of the secretory function of the bovine CL as auto/paracrine factors.  相似文献   

Selected Nutrients and Iron in Interstitial Waters of the Estuary of Southern Baltic (Gulf of Gdañsk and the Pomeranian Bay) in Relation to Redox Potential     

Bolałek  Jerzy  Frankowski  Leszek 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,147(1-4):39-50

The following parameters were determined in the interstitial waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay: nutrients (ammonia and phosphates), sulphates, total iron and iron(II) concentrations. Redox potential (Eh), pH, humidity and organic matter content measured as a loss on ignition were determined in bottom sediments from these regions. Interstitial waters of both regions were found to have reducing character (Eh < 250 mV). Reduction processes were more advanced in the Gulf of Gdańsk, rich in organic matter, as evidenced by lower values of the redox potential, lower Fe(III)/Fe_tot ratio, and incidents of sulphates exhaustion.  相似文献   

Sequential Extraction and Determination of Chemical Forms of Zinc in Sulfate Sludge     

Turek  Marian  Korolewicz  Teofil  Ciba  Jerzy  Cebula  Jan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,135(1-4):311-323

Total content of zinc and other metals has been assayed in thesludge that remained after leaching zinc-bearing smelting losswith sulfuric acid. The paper also presents zinc speciationcarried out by means of the sequential extraction by Rudd and an analysis of chemical forms of zinc. It has been found thatzinc occurs mainly in the mobile, bioavailable, soluble form and in the moderately mobile, carbonate form. The speciationcarried out showed that zinc occurred in the sludge in the following forms (mg kg^-1): sulfate 143 000, oxide 79 000,metallic 68 200, siliceous 35 500, sulfide 20 800 and ferrate18 500. Preparatory extraction of zinc from the sludge usingwater, sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)and acetic acid has also been conducted.  相似文献   

Regenerative trait and cold hardiness in highly productive cultivars of alfalfa and red clover     

Jerzy Nowak  Sherry L. Matheson  Nancy L. McLean  Peter Havard 《Euphytica》1992,59(2-3):189-196

Summary In earlier work on improvement of persistance in forage legumes, we selected genotypes from highly productive cultivars of alfalfa, Algonquin and Apica (Euphytica 45: 105–112, 1990) and cv. Florex red clover (Plant Cell Reports 8: 395–398, 1989) capable of in vitro regeneration from callus and cell culture. The alfalfa germplasm and its F₁ progeny as well as an F₂ red clover population were tested for cold stress tolerance. Plantlets were hardened in culture tubes at 2 or 5°C, 8h photoperiod, for at least four weeks and then subjected to freezing temperatures, –16 or –10°C for alfalfa and red clover, respectively. Survival of regenerative genotypes was significantly higher than of the non-regenerative ones in both species. A strong oositive correlation (r=0.78) between the regenerative trait and plant survival was found in alfalfa. The experiments indicate that in vitro selection for regenerative trait may improve cold stress tolerance of alfalfa and red clover.  相似文献   

Simplified AFLP procedure as a tool for identification of strawberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Mirosław Tyrka  Piotr Dziadczyk  Jerzy A. Hortyński 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):273-280

DNA polymorphisms among 6 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa (Duch.) and 13salinity tolerant clones were evaluated using simplified – PstI based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism procedure(^PstIAFLP). Out of 129 amplification products obtained with 10 selective primers, 116 markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish all analyzed materials. Coordinate and cluster analyses revealed 2 main groups of clones and divided strawberry cultivars (CUL) and tested F₁ hybrids of ‘Sweet Heart’(HYB). Mean genetic similarities in groups of cultivars and selected breeding lines (SEL) were significantly higher (0.722 and0.706, respectively, p < 0.05) than in group of SH hybrids (0.485). Results suggest that ^PstIAFLP method is sufficient for effective identification and useful for assessing the level of genetic diversity in strawberry cultivars and breeding lines. The presented method can bean alternative multilocus marker system to widespread RAPD method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Evaluation of susceptibility of auto- and alloplasmic barley DH lines to Fusarium seedling blight     

Tadeusz Adamski  Jerzy Chełkowski  Zygmunt Kaczmarek  Maria Surma  Halina Wiśniewska 《Euphytica》1997,93(2):169-172

Auto- and alloplasmic doubled haploid (DH) lines of barley were examined for susceptibility to Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. (isolate KF350) seedling blight. Inoculated kernels were incubated at 20 °C in a chamber saturated to 100% RH a with 12/12 h dark/light cycle. Germination capacity, disease score on a 5-degree scale and root length were evaluated. The data were analysed statistically using three-factor analysis of variance. It was observed that the infection score of roots of DH lines with H. bulbosum cytoplasm was higher than that of their autoplasmic analogues. Length of infected seedling roots expressed as per cent of the control root length ranged from 81 to 56% in autoplasmic DH lines and from 60 to 48% in alloplasmic lines. These differences were statistically significant (at P = 0.01). It was evident, that H. bulbosum cytoplasm increase susceptibility of barley genotypes to Fusarium seedling blight.  相似文献