In vitro antioxidant activities of barley, husked oat, naked oat, triticale, and buckwheat wastes and their influence on the growth and biomarkers of antioxidant status in rats     

Zduńczyk Z  Flis M  Zieliński H  Wróblewska M  Antoszkiewicz Z  Juśkiewicz J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4168-4175

The study was aimed at verification of the following hypothesis: differences in antioxidant capacity of diets consisting of different cereals and byproducts affect the antioxidant status of the consumers of these diets. To validate that hypothesis this study investigated the contents of polyphenols and alpha-tocopherol as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in vitro of cereals and their fractions (barley, husked and naked oat, oat bran, and triticale); the nutritional and antioxidant properties of diets containing these cereals, applied in a 4-week feeding experiment on rats, were also assessed. Among the cereals examined, the highest TAC was reported for barley (13.16 micromol of Trolox/g) and the lowest for naked oat (3.84 micromol of Trolox/g). Compared with cereals, the TAC of buckwheat waste was 2-3 times higher (25.2 micromol of Trolox/g). The antioxidant capacity of diets, calculated in vitro, ranged from 6.35 micromol of Trolox/g for naked oat type diet to 10.51 micromol of Trolox/g for barley type diet. Results of an in vitro study were confirmed in changes of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the serum of rats fed diets with the highest and lowest antioxidant capacities in vitro; the barley diet increased the activity of GPx (37.63 units/mL) and decreased the level of TBARS (4.82 microg/g), whereas the naked oat diet had an opposite effect (31.16 units/mL and 5.91 microg/g, respectively).  相似文献   

Selection of regenerative genotypes from highly productive cultivars of alfalfa     

Sherry L. Matheson  Jerzy Nowak  Nancy L. MacLean 《Euphytica》1990,45(2):105-112

Summary Seedlings from Canadian alfalfa cultivars Algonquin and Apica were selected on the basis of ability to regenerate plants from hypocotyl callus. A total of eleven genotypes were selected, resulting in regeneration frequencies of 4.5 and 11.7% for Algonquin and Apica, respectively. Regeneration capacity within these cultivars was also compared with cultivars and breeding lines for which regeneration frequencies have previously been documented. Two genotypes (A1 93 and Ap 20) exhibited prolific embryogenesis from hypocotyl and petiole callus and also regenerated plants from suspension culture. Flowering and seed set have been observed for regenerated plants.  相似文献   

Field Data of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations in Urban and Mountain Air in Southwestern Poland     

Sówka  Izabela  Zwoździak  Jerzy  Zwoździak  Anna  Szczurek  Andrzej 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,155(1-4):321-338

The concentrations of ambient gas-phase hydrogen peroxide were measured during the summer of 1998, 1999 and 2000. The experiments were performed in the city of Wroclaw and in the vicinity of Mount Szrenica, 1362 m a.s.l., Poland. Analysis was carried out by the chemiluminescence method. Typical mean ranges of 30 min H₂O₂ concentrations measured were 1.4–6.0 μg m^-3 at Mount Szrenica, whereas in the urban atmosphere H₂O₂ concentrations were in the range of 2.7–11.7 μg m^-3. In the case of the urban atmosphere, H₂O₂ concentrations were well correlated only with solar radiation and temperature. In the mountain air, H₂O₂ concentrations increased along with the increase of temperature, O₃, CO and the decrease of humidity. The diurnal variation was not only caused by photochemicalprocesses.  相似文献   

The long-term effect of legumes as forecrops on the productivity of rotation winter triticale–winter rape with nitrogen fertilisation     

Grażyna Szymańska  Agnieszka Faligowska  Katarzyna Panasiewicz  Jerzy Szukała  Karolina Ratajczak  Hanna Sulewska 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(2):128-134

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effect of legumes as forecrops on the productivity of rotation with nitrogen fertilisation. The rotation included: legumes + spring barley, winter triticale and winter rape. The study was conducted as a two-factorial field experiment with four replications. The present study showed that legumes, as forecrops, increased the yield of WT cultivated in the second year of rotation. The seed yield of WR cultivated in the third year of rotation significantly increased after all legume forecrops, with the exception of PEA. Yielding of these crops depended also on nitrogen fertilisation. In the case of WT doses 120 kg N ha^?1 and 180 kg N ha^?1 there was an increased yield compared with control independent of forecrop, but there were no significant differences between doses 120 and 180 kg N ha^?1. The conclusion is that we do not need to use dose 180 kg N ha^?1 for WT cultivated directly after legumes. In the cultivation of WR in the third year of rotation there is no need to use a dose of nitrogen 180 kg N ha^?1 if the fore-fore-crops were indeterminate cultivars of BL or YL.  相似文献   

Comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials of fresh and cooked Polish, Ukrainian, and Israeli garlic     

Gorinstein S  Drzewiecki J  Leontowicz H  Leontowicz M  Najman K  Jastrzebski Z  Zachwieja Z  Barton H  Shtabsky B  Katrich E  Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(7):2726-2732

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an essential part of Polish, Ukrainian, and Israeli cuisine. The aim of this investigation was to compare the changes in bioactive compounds, proteins, and antioxidant potentials in fresh Polish, Ukrainian, and Israeli garlic samples after subjection to cooking temperature. Dietary fiber and essential trace elements were comparable. The antioxidant potentials were determined by four scavenging methods using beta-carotene, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS(*)(+)) radical cation with K(2)S(2)O(8) or MnO(2) assays. Polyphenols, tocopherols, proteins, and antioxidant potentials were higher in Polish garlic, but not significantly (P > 0.05). The SDS- and native-PAGE electrophoretic patterns of all three fresh garlic samples were without significant differences. Most of the proteins were in the molecular mass range of 24-97 kDa, and the more intensive major bands were concentrated at 50 and 12 kDa. The 50 kDa protein nearly disappears and the intensity of the 12 kDa lectin bands slightly decreases during cooking. It was observed that the bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential, and proteins in garlic decrease significantly after 20 min of cooking at 100 degrees C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, (a) the bioactive compounds, electrophoretic patterns, and antioxidant potential of fresh Polish, Ukrainian, and Israeli garlic samples are comparable; (b) garlic samples subjected to 100 degrees C during 20 min preserve their bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential, and protein profile and are comparable with fresh garlic; and (c) fresh garlic should be added to dishes cooked at 100 degrees C in the last 20 min of the cooking process.  相似文献   

Computing atmospheric transport and deposition of heavy metals over Europe: Country budgets for 1985     

Jerzy Bartnicki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,92(3-4):343-374

The Heavy Metal Eulerian Transport (HMET) model has been used to calculate the exchange of As, Cd, Pb and Zn between European countries in 1985. The model was run separately for each emitter country and the computed deposition field was used to calculate the contribution of the emitter to each receptor country. The results of these computations are presented in the form of a country budget matrix for each metal. Accuracy of such computations is dependant on the size and linearity of the numerical method applied to the transport equation. Exchange of heavy metals due to atmospheric transport over Europe is significant. Approximately 30% to 90% of the heavy metals emitted from each country is deposited in other countries. The remaining mass is deposited in European seas, Atlantic Ocean and transported outside the model domain. The largest part of the emission from each country is deposited in the same country. The next largest fraction is transported to the nearest neighbors. The results indicate also a significant long range ransport of heavy metals to the Soviet Union. This is partly justified by the size and location of this receptor country, as well as, the prevailing meteorological conditions in Europe. However, this large transport to USSR is slightly overestimated due to some artificial properties of the numerical method applied to basic model equations. In addition to the country budget, export versus import and emission versus deposition of metals were analyzed for each country. The largest positive difference between export and import was found for Poland, German Federal Republic and Yugoslavia (As, Cd and Zn), and United Kingdom, Italy and Belgium (Pb). The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia are the countries where import of all metals is significantly larger than export. When emission versus deposition of heavy metals is analyzed, the Soviet Union has much higher emissions than deposition of all metals compared to other European countries.  相似文献   

Grain Size Partitioning of Mercury in Sediments of the Middle Odra River (Germany/Poland)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Boszke  Leonard  Kowalski  Artur  Siepak  Jerzy 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,159(1):125-138

The Odra River is the second largest river in Poland, running from Czech Republic through a large part of Poland before entering the Baltic Sea. For the last century its catchment area has been heavily polluted by anthropogenic emissions. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of mercury in different grain size fractions of surface sediments from the middle course of the Odra River. Mercury concentrations were determined in bulk sediments of different grain size fractions using the cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry method. The total mercury concentration in bulk sediments varied from 0.051 to 1.31 mg/kg dry weight. The concentration of total mercury was determined in the grain size fractions <0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and >2.0 mm to be (in mg/kg d.w.): 0.118–2.99, 0.033–0.99, 0.034–1.17, 0.035–1.97 and 0.017–3.65, respectively. Gradual decrease in the mercury concentration with increasing grain size from fine to coarse fraction has been observed only for sediments taken from the river bed. Although, no similar gradual decrease in the mercury concentrations has been observed for sediments from the river banks, finer sediments (<0.2 mm) still tend to show higher concentrations of mercury.  相似文献   

Soil Degradation in the Wielkopolski National Park (Poland) as an Effect of Acid Rain Simulation     

Barbara Walna  Jerzy Siepak  Stanisław Drzymała 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1727-1732

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Rye genetic resources evaluation in the Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw     

Dr. Boguslaw Molski  Roman Kubiczek  Jerzy Puchalski 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1981,29(1):129-136

Summary The new Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established in 1974 as an institution dedicated to collecting, conserving, and evaluating crop genetic resources and their wild progenitors. The main object of this research is rye (Secale L. spp.) — the cereal of great importance to Poland. The genetic resources of rye are preserved in living field collections, as well as in a seed stock bank. The living collection contains 1.193 taxa, including 12 species ofSecale and 788 different rye cultivars. The seed bank stores 773 taxa of rye kept in glass containers (in vacuum, neutral gases or with silica gel) with optimum low moisture content in the seeds. Biochemical, physiological and genetical investigations are carried out for the estimation of safe and suitable conditions of seed dehydration and long term storage. These genetic resources of rye serve as material for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, as well as for the evaluation of their selected breeding properties, especially seed protein content and its nutritional value. The taxonomic studies are performed using the isoenzyme technique and numerical methods. The enzymatic variation within the rye species, cultivars and inbred lines, are analysed. For the protein resources evaluation, different techniques are applied: the histochemical staining of seed slices. scanning electron microscope observations, and the chemical analyses of the entire amino acid composition of seed proteins. These results are used to select the most valuable taxa, which are then proposed to be used in the rye breeding programme.

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Beurteilung der genetischen Ressourcen des Roggens im Botanischen Garten der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Warschau

Zusammenfassung Der neue Botanische Garten der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften wurde 1974 als eine Institution gegründet, die sich der Sammlung, Erhaltung und Beurteilung der genetischen Ressourcen von Kulturpflanzen und deren Wildformen widmen soll. Hauptgegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist der Roggen (Secale L. spp.) — ein Getreide, das für Polen von großer Bedeutung ist. Die genetischen Ressourcen des Roggens werden sowohl in lebenden Sammlungen auf dem Felde als auch in einer Samenbank erhalten. Die lebende Sammlung enthält 1193 Taxa (12 Roggen-Arten und 788 Roggen-Sorten). Die Samenbank umfaßt 773 Roggen-Taxa in Glasbehältern (im Vakuum, neutralen Gasen oder Silikagel) mit optimal niedrigem Samenfeuchtigkeitsgehalt. Biochemische, physiologische und genetische Untersuchungen werden durchgeführt zur Ermittlung sicherer und passender Bedingungen der Samenentwässerung und Langzeitlagerung. Diese genetischen Ressourcen des Roggens dienen als Material für taxonomische und phylogenetische Studien sowie für die Beurteilung ihrer züchterischen Eigenschaften, besonders Eiweißgehalt der Samen und sein Nährwert. Bei den taxonomischen Studien werden die Isoenzym-Technik und numerische Methoden angewendet. Die enzymatische Variation innerhalb der Roggen-Arten, -Sorten und -Inzuchtlinien werden untersucht. Für die Beurteilung der Protein-Ressourcen werden verschiedene Techniken angewendet: histochemische Färbung von Samenschnitten, Beobachtungen mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop und chemische Analysen der gesamten Aminosäure-Zusammensetzung der Samen-Proteine. Diese Ergebnisse werden benutzt, um die wertvollsten Taxa aufzufinden, die dann zur Anwendung in Roggen-Zuchtprogrammen vorgeschlagen werden.

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Element fractionation in soil from urban-industrialized areas using sequential extraction     

Beata?Krasnod?bska-Ostr?gaEmail author  Hendrik?Emons  Jerzy?Golimowski 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(1):43-48

Background Goal and Scope  

The application of solid-liquid extraction is proposed to assess extractable fractions of components in soil. The application of a several step scheme could give a lot of information about mobility of metals associated with specific solid phases, especially after separation of top and bottom layers of studied soil. In this study, it was aimed to take into solution metal fractions of major (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe) and trace elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) from soil collected in urban areas. The fractions were defined by using chemical extraction operationally. The extraction behavior of studied elements in a six-step sequential extraction procedure is discussed with respect to the properties of the reagents used.  相似文献