Inter-simple sequence repeats PCR for characterization of closely related grapevine germplasm   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

Santiago Moreno  Juan Pedro Martín  Jesús María Ortiz 《Euphytica》1998,101(1):117-125

ISSR-PCR was carried out on 12 accessions of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) variety 'Garnacha' and one accession of a related variety. The analysis had two objectives: to determine if ISSR-PCR could detect polymorphisms within a variety unable to be revealed previously with RAPDs, and to quantify the intralaboratory reproducibility of the assay. Two electrophoretic systems and staining procedures were assessed. No intravarietal differences could be detected. However, the ISSR approach revealed highly reproducible polymorphisms among the two varieties tested. The reproducibility of the banding patterns ranged from 86 to 94 per cent, being maximum when polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining procedures were followed and weak bands discarded. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effect of Various Dietary Levels of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids and Different n‐3/n‐6 Ratios on Biological Performance of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,Raised in Low Salinity     

Mayra L. González‐Félix  Martin Perez‐Velazquez  Jesús M. Quintero‐Alvarez  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(2):194-206

A 3 × 3 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three fixed levels of docosahexaenoic acid meal (DHAM) and arachidonic acid meal (ARAM), produced by using a meal that had high levels of the desired fatty acid (0.23% DHAM–0.05% ARAM, 0.50% DHAM–0.10% ARAM, and 0.75% DHAM–0.15% ARAM), and three n‐3/n‐6 dietary ratios (0.3, 0.8, and 1.8), as well as their potential interaction on growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in low salinity. Two additional reference diets with menhaden fish oil or soy and flax oils (n‐3/n‐6 ratios of 1.8 and 1.7, respectively) were tested. No significant differences (at P < 0.05) and no significant interactions were observed among treatments for final weight, weight gain, or survival after 6‐wk feeding. This study confirmed that supplementation of DHA and ARA from alternative sources to fish oil is effective in promoting growth and survival of juvenile L. vannamei. The fatty acid profile and n‐3/n‐6 ratio of shrimp tissue reflected that of dietary lipids, although more studies are required to elucidate how the n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acid balance in the diet relates to shrimp growth.  相似文献   

Fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipid fractions of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 paralarvae reared with enriched on‐grown Artemia     

Elena Viciano  José Iglesias  María Jesús Lago  Francisco Javier Sánchez  Juan José Otero  Juan Carlos Navarro 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(5):704-709

Rearing of common octopus Octopus vulgaris is limited by the lack of success during the paralarval stage, with generalized mortalities occurring before the settlement of the juveniles. The use of on‐grown Artemia cultured with the microalga Isochrysis galbana and further enriched with Nannochloropsis sp. has led to a certain degree of success. The present work aims at studying the effects of this rearing protocol (Nanno) on the fatty acid composition of paralarvae, by comparison with a diet based on on‐grown Artemia further enriched with a high polyunsaturated fatty acid oil emulsion (M70). After 28 days, survival was estimated at 3% for M70 and 22.5% for Nanno, whereas the average dry weight was not significantly different (Nanno: 1.76± 0.28 mg; M70: 1.88±0.22 mg). Although apparently no clear association between the fatty acid composition of the enriched preys and that of the total lipids of paralarvae could be established, further fractionation and fatty acid analysis of the total lipids into polar and neutral classes, followed by principal components analysis, revealed that irrespective of the diet, both lipid fractions showed distinct fatty acid patterns. Besides, the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids was more conservative, whereas that of the neutral lipids was more influenced by the diet, showing more variation among dietary treatments.  相似文献   

Dietary microorganism and plant effects on the survival and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with the white spot syndrome virus     

Viridiana Peraza‐Gómez  Antonio Luna‐González  Ángel I Campa‐Córdova  Jesús A Fierro‐Coronado  Héctor A González Ocampo  Juan Carlos Sainz‐Hernández 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(4):559-570

The effect of plants and probiotics on the survival and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was evaluated. A probiotic mixture (PM), plant extract (PE) or powdered plants (PP) were added to feed with the attractant Dry Oil^®. An experiment was conducted with five treatments in triplicate. Shrimp (weighing 11.70±2.5 g) were cultured in 120 L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives or with commercial feed plus WSSV. Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV using single‐step and nested PCR. The PM and PP added to the commercial feed showed high survival, a decrease in WSSV prevalence in shrimp and an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. The total haemocyte count in shrimp treated with PM was significantly higher than that in the control group (treatment I) and in shrimp fed with PE. The results of the present work indicate that PP and PM are good candidates for use as feed additives against WSSV in shrimp cultures.  相似文献   

Reproductive success and fry production of the paiche or pirarucu,Arapaima gigas (Schinz), in the region of Iquitos,Perú     

Jesús Núñez  Fred Chu‐Koo  Magali Berland  Lamberto Arévalo  Olaff Ribeyro  Fabrice Duponchelle  Jean François Renno 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):815-822

Arapaima gigas (paiche) is the largest scaled fish species living in the Amazon basin. Its biology is both fascinating and misunderstood. In a context of overfishing, hence reduced natural populations, aquaculture of a fish with such interesting characteristics (large size, high growth rate, no intramuscular spines) is an important issue. The development of farming production would also reduce the fishing pressure on natural populations and allow re‐stocking programmes in certain areas. To determine what factors may influence the reproductive success in captivity, data from breeding reports for 2007–2010 were collected among fish farmers in the region of Iquitos. In parallel, we carried out physicochemical measurements in different ponds where these paiches breed, and conducted personal interviews about the general fish management conditions. The results show that reproduction occurs throughout the year but with a higher intensity during the rainy season. It also highlights farms that have performed much better than others, but no single factor except feeding level has been clearly associated with reproductive success. The environmental control of reproduction in paiche, therefore, remains partly mysterious. To deepen this study, we recommend the systematic sexing of breeders, extending reproductive behavioural studies, and examining the limnological factors involved in fry mortality.  相似文献   

Growth and performance of the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone) cultured in low‐salinity water with different stocking densities and acclimation times     

Héctor M Esparza‐Leal  Jesús T Ponce‐Palafox  Eugenio Alberto Aragón‐Noriega  José L Arredondo‐Figueroa  Manuel García‐Ulloa Gómez  Wenceslao Valenzuela‐Quiñonez 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(6):878-883

We evaluated the performance of whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in response to different stocking densities and acclimation periods. Shrimp postlarvae were acclimated from seawater (30 g L^?1) to low‐salinity well water (<1.0 g L^?1) at a constant hourly reduction rate of 40, 60, 80 and 100 h. After acclimation to low‐salinity well water, postlarvae from each acclimation time treatment were stocked in three replicate tanks at densities of 50, 100, 150 or 200 shrimps m^?2 for 12 weeks of growth. Salinity averaged <1.0 g L^?1 for each growth study. The different treatments resulted in significant differences in both the final body weight and the survival rate (SR). Shrimp acclimated for 100 h showed substantially improved survival (83%) relative to shrimp acclimated for shorter periods. Shrimp yields for all cultured periods ranged from 0.32 kg m^?2 in tanks stocked at 50 m^?2 to 1.14 kg m^?2 in tanks stocked at 200 m^?2. We conclude that whiteleg shrimp can be successfully grown in low‐salinity well water, and that the growth, production output and SRs are significantly higher when shrimp are acclimated for longer periods.  相似文献   

Archipelago Los Roques: A potential baseline for reef fish assemblages in the southern Caribbean          下载免费PDF全文

Simon Elise  Isabel Urbina‐Barreto  Hazael Boadas‐Gil  Miguel Galindo‐Vivas  Jesús Ernesto Arias‐González  Sergio Ricardo Floeter  Alan Marc Friedlander  Michael Nemeth  Michel Kulbicki 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1116-1132

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Substituting fishmeal with mixtures of wheat,corn and soya bean meals in diets for the white leg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone): effect on production parameters and preliminary economic assessment          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel García‐Ulloa  Alfredo Hernandez‐Llamas  Styll de Jesús Armenta‐Soto  Hervey Rodríguez‐González 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):4864-4873

We analysed the effect on production and economic performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei of isoproteic diets substituting fishmeal by 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with mixtures of wheat, soya bean and cornmeals. In a laboratory trial, 10 juveniles m^?2 (1.1 ± 0.1 g) were reared in 60‐L plastic containers using a recirculation system for 90 days. Three replicates were used to test each diet. A commercial diet serving as a reference and the diet with the highest content of essential amino acids (50% substitution, 6.46 ± 1.1 g) produced significantly higher shrimp final weight (7.12 ± 0.9 g, P < 0.05). There were not significant differences in specific growth rate and mean survival (85.9 ± 0.2%, P > 0.05). In a pond trial, 10 shrimp m^?2 (1.08 ± 0.3 g) were cultivated in 1.5 m^?3 cages for 35 days, testing the diets in triplicate. Final weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when 100% substitution was used (10.89 ± 0.24 g), while survival did not differ significantly among diets (P > 0.05). The optimal level of substitution was estimated at 86.0%. Apparently, nutrients contained in the diets combined well with natural feed available in the pond, up to a point where 7.3% of fishmeal inclusion is recommended. An economic analysis showed that 100% substitution produced the best results. We conclude that mixtures of wheat, corn and soya meals are potential alternatives to replace fishmeal effectively in diets for L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain     

María Jesús Montero  Gerardo Moreno  Manuel Bertomeu 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,73(3):233-244

We have studied the percentage of radiation transmitted through the tree canopy to the underlying pasture and crops in dehesas of Southwest Spain by means of fish-eye photographs taken at different distances from the tree. Thirty-six trees were studied covering all the diametric classes (0.1–14 m canopy width) of two stands, with mean density of 19 mature trees ha⁻¹. Intercepted light decreased with distance following an logistic curve, indicating a rapid increase in the light availability with distance from the tree. For mature trees, radiation was constant beyond 20 m. Applying a multivariable regression light equation, distance, stem diameter and canopy width explained more than 88% of the light variability for each orientation studied. A simple model was built up from light equations, tree growth curves and allometric relationships. From this model, we have estimated that radiation available for crops and pasture decreased up to 21% due to the presence of trees in a standard dehesa with 24 mature trees ha⁻¹ and 13% of canopy cover. In addition, we have generated different radiation maps of virtual dehesas differing in tree age, density and arrangement, which could be useful to determine optimal tree planting schemes and consequent pruning and thinning regimes.  相似文献   

Transport of commercial endosulfan through a column of aggregated vineyard soil by a water flux simulating field conditions     

López-Blanco MC  Cancho-Grande B  Simal-Gándara J  López-Periago E  Arias-Estévez M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6738-6743

Endosulfan is a potentially harmful, degradation resistant pesticide that is found in soils where it has been used. Despite being hydrophobic and having high affinity for soil matrix components, it has also been found in groundwater. To investigate this behavior, we studied the passage of a commercial emulsified formulation through a column of aggregated vineyard soil under simulated light rain. Breakthrough data were obtained using gas chromatography with electron capture detection to determine the concentration of endosulfan in samples extracted from the column periodically at several depths. These data, and analogous data obtained previously for the passage of bromide, were analyzed using the program CXTFIT v.2. Analysis of the bromide data strongly suggested the existence of preferential flow paths in the column. The endosulfan data were adequately accounted for by a model in which the preferential flow and nonpreferential flow regions are almost isolated from each other. These regions differ also as regards both the partition of endosulfan between soil and soil solution and the rate at which reversibly adsorbed endosulfan is transformed into irreversibly adsorbed endosulfan. The "irreversibility" sink term accounts also for biological and chemical degradation of endosulfan. The findings imply that soil humidity favors the transport of commercial endosulfan by the formation and maintenance of preferential flow paths in soil, controlling both the presence of endosulfan in groundwater and its high persistence in soil.  相似文献