Viral skin diseases in the Netherlands          下载免费PDF全文

M. M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan  G. C. M. Grinwis 《Equine Veterinary Education》2018,30(10):558-563

The most common viral skin problems are discussed in the third article in our equine dermatology series.  相似文献   

Combined carbon dioxide laser and cryosurgical ablation of rostral nasal septum squamous cell carcinoma in 10 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Maria K. Ierace  Michael S. Canfield  Jeanine Peters‐Kennedy  Curtis W. Kane 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(5):431-e142

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外源病毒检验用抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒特异性血清的制备与检定     

毛娅卿  吴涛  王嘉  王哲  孔冬妮  李岭  李慧姣  蒋桃珍  李俊平 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(2):73-76

为制备外源病毒检验用抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)特异性血清,对300只3~4周龄的SPF鸡进行基础免疫和加强免疫;最后一次免疫21 d后,采血并分离血清;对血清经混合、分装、冷冻、真空干燥后,进行无菌检验、外源病毒检验、剩余水分测定、中和效价测定和特异性检验。结果表明:本研究制备的抗IBV特异性血清的无菌检验、外源病毒检验和剩余水分测定结果均符合现行《中华人民共和国兽药典》规定;血清中和效价为1:800,与IBV H120种毒株的中和指数为106.3,与鸡传染性法氏囊病毒B87株、鸡新城疫病毒La Sota株、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸡痘病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒S1133株的中和指数均不大于10;通过AGP、ELISA、HI等试验,确定该血清中不含其他禽源外源病毒抗体。本研究为鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗或毒种的外源病毒检验提供了具有良好特异性和高效价的中和用血清。  相似文献   

一起未经执业兽医注册从事诊疗活动案引发的思考     

董嘉  陈振宇  潘智伟  施建华  何英 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(4):54-56

2017年成都市办理的一起未经兽医执业注册而进行犬只声带切除的行政处罚案件,引发了笔者对动物诊疗机构监督执法中"动物诊疗"范畴界定、动物诊疗许可证申请对象探究、"一事不再罚"原则的适用、"责令停业诊疗活动"与"责令停产停业"区别等问题的思考。本文以法学理论和相关法律规定为基础,对成都市动物诊疗机构执法实践的疑点与难点进行分析,提出执法人员应更准确适用法律法规,并呼吁尽快建立全国执业兽医查询系统的建议。  相似文献   

Influence of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on the plant water relations,gas exchange and growth of Chenopodium quinoa at limited water availability          下载免费PDF全文

S. Hussin  W. Khalifa  N. Geissler  H.‐W. Koyro 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(5):373-384

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Piriformospora indica to colonize the root of Chenopodium quinoa and to verify whether this endosymbiont can improve the growth, performance and drought resistance of this species. The study delivered, for the first time, evidence for successful colonization of P. indica in quinoa. Hence, pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, where inoculated and non‐inoculated plants were subjected to ample (40%–50% WHC) and deficit (15%–20%WHC) irrigation treatments. Drought adversely influenced the plant growth, leading to decline the total plant biomass by 74%. This was linked to an impaired photosynthetic activity (caused by lower g_s and C_i/C_a ratio; stomatal limitation of photosynthesis) and a higher risk of ROS production (enhanced ETR/A_gross ratio). P. indica colonization improved quinoa plant growth, with total biomass increased by 8% (controls) and 76% (drought‐stressed plants), confirming the growth‐promoting activity of P. indica. Fungal colonization seems to diminish drought‐induced growth hindrance, likely, through an improved water balance, reflected by the higher leaf ψ_w and g_s. Additionally, stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was alleviated (indicated by enhanced C_i/C_a ratio and A_net), so that the threat of oxidative stress was minimized (decreased ETR/A_gross). These results infer that symbiosis with P. indica could negate some of the detrimental effects of drought on quinoa growth, a highly desired feature, in particular at low water availability.  相似文献   

The evaluation of the synergetic degree of ecology economy society system of China forestry during the last decade     

Yunfang Chen  Xuan Ji 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(4):324-337

Ecological ravages, environmental pollution, and the developmental problems of regional ecology, economy, and society are not geographical restrictions. The synergistic development of the ecology-economy-society system in forestry was quantitatively assessed by system theory and synergistic dynamic models, illustration of the metering principle and corresponding theory, assessing and quantizing synergistic development status of ecology-economy-society system, and the orderliness of the subsystem of the last decade. The orderliness of the ecology and ecological subsystems developed unstably with an increasing trend. The eco-environment construction and eco-conservation achievement of forestry in China are effective and need to be maintained. The industry structure should be improved to promote the growth of the forestry economy. The society subsystem development is increasing but is not at a high level, which indicates that the public demand to ecological service was not satisfied. The theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the development of the forestry system has a good development state. The synergy changes of forestry system in the 0 to 0.951 range, which is in the intermediate degree of synergy during this period. It still needs much improvement on efficiency of synergy. The orderliness and the relationship among the subsystems of forestry should be improved in future.  相似文献   

外源氮添加对湿地土壤N_2O排放量的影响     

史昊先  高晓霞  于景丽  赵吉 《农业环境与发展》2014,(5)

为搞清湿地土壤驱动N2O排放的关键氮源类型,有效减少湿地N2O的排放,本文通过室内控制温湿度,用气相色谱法分析不同外源氮素对湿地N2O排放的影响。结果表明:外加氮源组总是高于对照组N2O排放量(4.4 mg·m-3)。在设定的剂量范围内,单独添加尿素或尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合时N2O排放量呈现先增后减的单峰分布趋势,峰值分别为10.6 mg·m-3和229.0 mg·m-3;单独添加硝酸铵时N2O排放量(32.6~111.0 mg·m-3)随着氮素添加量增加呈现持续上升趋势。单独添加尿素或硝酸铵、尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合均促进N2O的排放,但硝酸铵尿素混合添加对N2O排放量的贡献单独添加硝酸铵单独添加尿素。这为预测内蒙古高原区农牧交错带湿地氮素输入可能带来的温室效应和有效减排提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in NERICAs Compared with Japanese Standard Rice Varieties at the Reproductive Stage          下载免费PDF全文

C. M. Wainaina  Y. Inukai  P. W. Masinde  E. M. Ateka  H. Murage  M. Kano‐Nakata  Y. Nakajima  T. Terashima  Y. Mizukami  M. Nakamura  T. Nonoyama  N. Saka  S. Asanuma  A. Yamauchi  H. Kitano  J. Kimani  D. Makihara 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(6):461-472

New Rice for Africa (NERICA) is a general name for interspecific rice varieties derived from a cross between the high‐yielding Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) between locally adapted African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Eight NERICAs were evaluated for cold tolerance (CT) at the reproductive stage and compared with their O. sativa parents and three Japanese standard rice varieties over 3 years. Cold tolerance was evaluated based on the filled grain ratio (FGR) after cold water irrigation. The FGR was greatly reduced by cold water irrigation. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 had higher FGR (51.9–57.9 %), while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 had lower FGR (6.2–14.5 %). NERICA 1, 2 and 7 were less affected by cold stress, with a 31 % mean reduction in FGR, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 were greatly affected, with their FGRs being reduced by more than 80 %. NERICA 3 and 4 were moderately affected by cold stress, with about 45 % reduction rate in FGR. FGR significantly influenced the grain weights of the varieties with strong positive correlations (r = 0.83–0.91; P < 0.001), and thus, similar trends in grain weights were observed. Grain weights were reduced by 61.7–96.4 % under cold stress. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 showed significantly better performance than NERICA 3 and 4, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 performed poorly under cold water irrigation. The Japanese varieties Koshihikari (very tolerant) and Ozora (moderately tolerant) were more affected by cold water irrigation than NERICA 1, 2 and 7. On the basis of the mean reduction rate (%) in FGR under cold stress, the varieties were classified as follows: NERICA 1, 2 and 7 as tolerant; NERICA 3 and 4 as moderately tolerant; and NERICA 6, 15 and 16 as susceptible to cold stress. However, NERICA 7 grain yields were lower under cold stress due to both greatly reduced number of panicles per plant and number of spikelets per panicle. Therefore, NERICA 1 and 2 are suitable candidates for production in the highland regions of East Africa and should be promoted for production.  相似文献   

Copper‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Responses of the Antioxidant System in Roots of Medicago sativa     

S.‐H. Wang  H. Zhang  Q. Zhang  G.‐M. Jin  S.‐J. Jiang  D. Jiang  Q.‐Y. He  Z.‐P. Li 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(6):418-429

The effects of various copper (Cu) concentrations on the antioxidative system in the roots of Medicago sativa were explored. The results indicated that the Cu content of the roots reached a value of 854 μg g^?1 DW at 10 μm Cu and a value of 4415 μg g^?1 DW at 100 μm Cu, suggesting that M. sativa has better ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu than other Cu‐bioaccumulators, and is a potential plant for phytoremediation. Treatment with Cu resulted in a significant increment in the levels of H₂O₂, O₂˙^? and OH˙. The reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione reached a peak at 30 μm Cu, and was followed by a sharp depletion to a lower level than that of the control. In contrast, the levels of the oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione showed a progressive increment with increasing Cu concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant system was unable to cope with Cu stress at higher Cu levels. Under the Cu concentrations tested, the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) increased at lower Cu concentrations, and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 30 μm of Cu for APX and GR, at 10 μm for CAT, whereas the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were gradually increased with increasing Cu concentrations. PAGE analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1) revealed that one band is a Mn‐SOD and five bands are identified as Cu, Zn‐SOD, whereas Fe‐SOD isoforms were not found in the roots of alfalfa. Cu at 10–100 μm increased the intensity of constitutive isozymes of CAT, APX and POD, whereas it decreased the intensity of isozymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) significantly. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) were gradually augmented with increasing Cu concentrations, demonstrating that LOXs are probably involved in production of lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion. There was a continuous and pronounced enhancement in the activity of esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) in roots treated with 10–30 Cu μm , whereas EST activity in roots exposed to above 30 μm Cu declined, suggesting that EST plays a protective role under lower Cu concentrations stress.  相似文献   

The Situation for Quinoa and Its Production in Southern Bolivia: From Economic Success to Environmental Disaster     

S.‐E. Jacobsen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(5):390-399

In Bolivia, one of the world’s most important centres of plant domestication, there is growing awareness of the value of native Andean crops, both for domestic consumption and for market sale – notably the virtually boom‐like consumer demand for quinoa around the world. The southern altiplano of Bolivia, south of Oruro, relies almost purely on the production of quinoa and breeding of llamas, which have also been selected as the two commodities of priority to the government to increase the income of the country. Presently, however, quinoa is facing increasing problems in production, owing to its increasing export market and price. The flat areas around the salt desert of the southern altiplano, previously characterized by natural vegetation fed by the llamas, are being increasingly sown with quinoa, hence transformed into deserts, because intensive cultivation methods make the soil loose its fertility. Possible solutions to these problems will require extensive efforts in the south, in addition to various strategies, which also include other parts of the Bolivian altiplano and a strengthened focus on other Andean crops.  相似文献