Mehrjährige Erhebungen zum Vorkommen von Ährenfusarien und dem Mykotoxin Deoxynivalenol in Getreide aus Rheinland-Pfalz     

Hermann-Josef?KrauthausenEmail author  Joachim?Weinert  Werner?Bauermann  Gerhard A.?Wolf 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(5):136-143

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Variation in clinical and parasitological traits in Pietrain and Meishan pigs infected with Sarcocystis miescheriana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reiner G  Eckert J  Peischl T  Bochert S  Jäkel T  Mackenstedt U  Joachim A  Daugschies A  Geldermann H 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,106(2):99-113

Future prophylaxis needs new concepts, including natural disease resistance of hosts against infectious agents. Genomic approaches to detect and improve disease resistance in farm animals and the molecular mechanisms involved in host-parasite interactions depend to a high degree on the trait differences between founder breeds, i.e. on the animal model. The present study evaluates differences in susceptibility/resistance against Sarcocystis miescheriana in the European Pietrain (PI) and the Chinese Meishan (ME) pig breeds, based on 25 individuals, infected orally with 5x10(4) sporocysts of S. miescheriana. Significant differences appeared in clinical, serological, haematological and parasitological findings. The major discriminating period post infection (p.i.) was between days 42 and 45. Severity of signs was negatively correlated with specific immunoglobulin titres during the first 3 weeks p.i. and positively with the load of bradyzoites in muscle tissues of the pigs. Loads of bradyzoites in muscle tissues were 20 times higher in PI than in ME. Sarcocystis-specific differences between the two breeds were in the range of 1-2 standard deviations. The study lays the foundation for further experiments to analyse chromosomal regions, candidate genes, and thus the molecular basis of Sarcocystis susceptibility/resistance as a model for host-parasite interaction in protozoan infectious disease.  相似文献   

Metabolic labeling of plant cell cultures with K15NO3 as a tool for quantitative analysis of proteins and metabolites     

Wolfgang R Engelsberger  Alexander Erban  Joachim Kopka  Waltraud X Schulze 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):14-11

Strategies for robust quantitative comparison between different biological samples are of high importance in experiments that address biological questions beyond the establishment of protein lists. Here, we propose the use of ¹⁵N-KNO₃ as the only nitrogen source in Arabidopsis cell cultures in order to achieve a metabolically fully labeled cell population. Proteins from such metabolically labeled culture are distinguishable from unlabeled protein populations by a characteristic mass shift that depends on the amino acid composition of the tryptic peptide analyzed. In addition, the metabolically labeled cell extracts are also suitable for comparative quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing cellular metabolic complement. Protein extracts from unlabeled and from standardized ¹⁵N-labeled cells were combined into one sample for joined analytical processing. This has the advantage of (i) reduced experimental variability and (ii) immediate relative quantitation at the level of single extracted peptide and metabolite spectra. Together ease and accuracy of relative quantitation for profiling experiments is substantially improved. The metabolic labeling strategy has been validated by mixtures of protein extracts and metabolite extracts from the same cell cultures in known ratios of labeled to unlabeled extracts (1:1, 1:4, and 4:1). We conclude that saturating metabolic ¹⁵N-labeling provides a robust and affordable integrative strategy to answer questions in quantitative proteomics and nitrogen focused metabolomics.  相似文献   

Ergebnisse eines Kalkdüngungsversuches im Hinblick auf die Phosphaternährung der Pflanzen und die Beurteilung des Gehaltes der Böden an pflanzenaufnehmbarem Phosphat mittels chemischer Untersuchungsverfahren     

Joachim Garz  Otto Hagemann  Gerhard Kolbe 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):961-971

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Broken eggs as a cause of infertility of coho salmon gametes     

Kelly W. Wilcox  Joachim Stoss  Edward M. Donaldson 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,40(1):77-87

Egg content originating from ruptured ova progressively reduced the success of fertilization in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) eggs. The salmon egg differs in ionic composition from the ovarian fluid in exhibiting higher K⁺ and Mg²⁺ and lower Na⁺ concentrations. Normal ovarian fluid induced spermatozoan motility whereas ovarian fluid contaminated with egg content progressively lost the ability to induce motility. Loss of motility was related to decreasing $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ ratios in the ovarian fluid, indicating that reduced fertility may be caused by inactivation of sperm cells in the insemination medium. Removal of contaminated ovarian fluid by rinsing ova in isotonic media induced spermatozoan motility and restored fertility completely. The use of an isotonic NaHCO₃ solution for rinsing of ova is suggested as a routine procedure for artificial insemination in salmonids where the presence of broken eggs is suspected.  相似文献   

Modelling the temperature mediation of growth in larval fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joachim Bartsch 《Fisheries Oceanography》2002,11(5):310-314

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Soil water content,carbon, and nitrogen determine the abundances of methanogens,methanotrophs, and methane emission in the Zoige alpine wetland     

Zhang  Wantong  Kang  Xiaoming  Kang  Enze  Audet  Joachim  Davidson  Thomas A.  Zhang  Xiaodong  Yan  Liang  Li  Yong  Yan  Zhongqing  Zhang  Kerou  Wang  Jinzhi  Hu  Zhengyi 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):470-481

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Alpine wetland ecosystems can contribute large amounts of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere; however, their emissions vary with environmental conditions. Microbial...  相似文献   

Human-driven impacts on marine habitats: A regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea     

Joachim Claudet  Simonetta Fraschetti 《Biological conservation》2010,143(9):2195-2206

Habitat destruction is one of the main threats to environmental integrity. Assessing the consequences of human impacts is crucial both to predict and prevent structural and functional changes of habitats. However, to date almost all studies on marine threats, from regional to global scales, have been entirely qualitative and generally based on little more than expert opinion. We have developed a meta-analytical approach to quantify overall effects of various stressors on different Mediterranean habitat types and to compare the relative importance of different impacts across a range of habitats. We first qualitatively reviewed and synthesized 366 experiments (either manipulative or correlative) collected in the literature. After a selection procedure, we finally quantitatively meta-analyzed 158 experiments. We showed that fisheries (destructive or not), species invasion, aquaculture, sedimentation increase, water degradation and urbanization have negative effects on Mediterranean habitats and associated species assemblages. We also explored the overlap between the impacts identified as important in the Mediterranean and those identified by experts as being important globally, highlighting the inadequacies of relying on expert opinion alone. Finally, we drew attention to the critical lack of empirical knowledge about marine systems in many areas of the Mediterranean, which impedes the implementation of effective conservation measures. Our study is the first to synthesize experimental analyses on human-driven impacts on marine habitats across such a broad geographic scale.  相似文献   

Translocation of cave fish (Poecilia mexicana) within and between natural habitats along a toxicity gradient     

Ingo Schlupp  Timothy J. Colston  Brandon L. Joachim  Rüdiger Riesch 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(2):228-233

During ecological speciation, diverging taxa have the potential to remain in close spatial proximity (i.e., sympatry or micro‐allopatry) theoretically allowing for continued contact and gene flow. In a system where incipient speciation of populations of the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana) appears to be driven by abiotic factors, we investigated whether one of these factors, hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) toxicity, also constitutes an effective barrier to slow migration within and between habitats. We addressed this experimentally by translocating individuals from high toxicity to lower toxicity within a toxic cave and by translocating individuals from the toxic cave to a nontoxic surface habitat. Using a stepwise‐backwards Cox regression, we found that overall mortality was low, but statistically significant mortality occurred when individuals were transferred from higher toxicity to lower toxicity. In addition, only males were negatively affected by being transferred from low levels of toxicity to nontoxic, surface waters. This indicates that in addition to abiotic factors, other mechanisms, like predation and sexual selection, must be important in maintaining population separation.  相似文献   

田间试验的空间变异性及其统计控制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

胡希远 《作物学报》2007,33(4):620-624

利用空间相关模型和传统方差分析模型对小麦和玉米3个田间试验产量数据进行了拟合与分析。结果表明，3个试验都显著存在空间变异，空间变异方差占据剩余变异方差的83.5%~0.4%；相对于传统随机完全区组分析法，空间相关模型法效应比较的标准误平均降低18.4%~14.2%，分析相对效率平均为1.50~1.36，因而比区组控制空间变异更有效；不同空间相关模型分析的结果呈现出一定的差异。建议利用空间相关模型分析田间试验，并利用Akaike信息准则（AIC）进行最佳空间相关模型选择。  相似文献