Development of new real-time PCR methods for detection of Decapod iridescent virus 1 in shrimp     

Melony J. Sellars  Louise Franz  Ralf Joachim Moser 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):167-180

Novel Decapod Iridescent virus (DIV1) infections emerged in mainland China around 2014 and have devastated shrimp aquaculture operations in Chinese coastal provinces. In 2020, DIV1 has spread to Taiwan with devastating results to shrimp and crayfish farms, in addition to being found in wild caught Penaeus monodon from the Indian Ocean. This trend is a major cause for concern and an urgent reminder to expand the tools needed to monitor the spread of DIV1 globally. Here, we describe a set of four different real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays positioned across the genome of DIV1 to detect the virus in shrimp tissues. All four assays show a wide dynamic range and high analytical sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the newly developed assays show excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in clinical Litopenaeus vannamei samples of North Asian origin. The new molecular toolset will enhance global capabilities to monitor the spread of DIV1 and ultimately be used as an early warning system for farmers and authorities to engage in appropriate risk mitigation strategies.  相似文献   

The herbicide binding niche of photosystem II-a model     

Klaus G. Tietjen  Joachim F. Kluth  Roland Andree  Michael Haug  Markus Lindig  Klaus H. Müller  Heinz J. Wroblowsky  Achim Trebst 《Pest management science》1991,31(1):65-72

The Q_B binding niche of photosystem II is also the binding site for many different herbicides. In order to understand the mode of binding of the herbicides, a 3-dimensional model of the binding niche was constructed. The model was based upon a comparison of the known structure of the Q_B binding niche in purple bacteria with sequence and mutant data of the D-1 protein of photosystem II. Plastoquinone builds up hydrogen bonds to phenylalanine 265 backbone amide nitrogen, to serine 264 hydroxyl, and to histidine 215 delta-1 nitrogen. In addition to these hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, herbicides can build up hydrogen bonds to backbone carbonyl of alamine 263 and to serine 268 hydroxyl. This is supported by binding data of inhibitors in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts of wild type and of five D-1 protein mutants (Ser264 Ala, Ala251 Val, Phe255Tyr, Val2191le, Leu275Phe).  相似文献   

Sicherheitsmaßnahmen bei der Anwendung von Pestiziden     

Hans Joachim Telle 《Journal of pest science》1966,39(5):67-69

Summary When pesticides are used safety measures are necessary. Laws alone are insufficient when their application is not controlled. Above all it is to be expected that people will not be endangered by ignorant use of pesticides. Many fields of pest control, i.e. the control of cockroaches, are not sufficiently developed in Germany. In the near future the control of hygienic and other pests should be intensified. Therefore we need well-trained specialists, and only these should be permitted to control pests in household and field.  相似文献   

Über das vermehrte Auftreten vonAnisandrus dispar F. undTaphrorychus bicolor Hbst. in chemisch geläuterten Laubholzbeständen     

Joachim Reisch 《Journal of pest science》1966,39(8):120-122

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Über Forstschädlinge in Kenya (Ostafrika)     

Dr. Joachim Reisch 《Journal of pest science》1961,34(8):113-117

V. Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden wurde versucht, einen kurzen Überblick über die derzeit wichtigsten forstpathologischen Problemen in Kenya zu vermitteln. Wenn auch die Termiten bei weitem alle anderen Schädlinge bisher überschatten, so werden die neu angelegten, noch relativ jungen Wirtschaftswaldrungen vor allem aus fremdländischen Holzarten von einem sehr großen Reservoir tropischer Krankheitserreger in zunehmendem Maße bedroht. Hierbei handelt es sich um Lepidopteren, Coleopteren und zahlreiche Schadpilze. Natürlich darf dieser Bericht keinesfalls als vollständig angesehen werden, dazu war die Zeit viel zu knapp bemessen.  相似文献   

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC can be grouped into a single subspecies     

Vilei EM  Korczak BM  Frey J 《Veterinary research》2006,37(6):779-790

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC can be combined into one taxon on the basis of several contributions on both DNA sequence and protein analyses reported in the literature. Moreover, for the differentiation and identification of mycoplasmas of the "mycoides cluster", we investigated the rpoB gene, encoding the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase. A segment of 527 bp of the rpoB gene was amplified from 31 strains of ruminant mycoplasmas by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were determined and aligned, and accurate genetic relationships were calculated. Cluster analysis of rpoB DNA allowed species differentiation within the "mycoides cluster" and confirmed that M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC cannot be distinguished from each other. "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri" is proposed as a common name for both subspecies.  相似文献   

A three-phase sampling procedure for continuous forest inventory with partial re-measurement and updating of terrestrial sample plots     

Nikolas von Lüpke  Jan Hansen  Joachim Saborowski 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(6):1979-1990

For a current inventory using double sampling for stratification with a reduced second-phase sample size, compared with a previous inventory, we develop a three-phase sampling procedure that exploits plot data from the previous inventory or their updates based on a growth model to increase precision. The three-phase procedure combines double sampling for stratification with a two-phase regression estimator within strata. We consider sampling from an infinite population in the first phase. The combined estimator is tested in a case study using data from two consecutive inventories in four State Forest Districts in Lower Saxony, Germany. Data from a reduced number of sample plots from the second occasion are combined with (1) volumes from the first occasion or (2) growth simulations on the sample plots from the first occasion. The data from the previous inventory or their updates serve as the auxiliary variable for the regression estimator of the strata means of the target variable. This case study indicates a remarkable increase in precision and thereby an enormous cost-saving potential for reduced intermediate inventories in a periodic inventory design with both types of auxiliary variables.  相似文献   

Point transect sampling of deadwood: a comparison with well-established sampling techniques for the estimation of volume and carbon storage in managed forests     

Tim Ritter  Joachim Saborowski 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(6):1845-1856

In managed forests, the occurrence of deadwood (DW) can be regarded as a stochastically rare event with strong clumping and high local variability (Meyer in Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 118:167–180, 1999). Traditional sampling techniques, such as Fixed Area Sampling, Angle Count Sampling and Line Intersect Sampling, do not regard this fact and may be inefficient for surveys of DW, because of limited search areas. A sampling technique that should remedy this shortcoming is Point Transect Sampling (Buckland et?al. in Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001; Advanced distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004), where as a matter of principle, all objects that are sighted from a fixed location are counted. We compare Point Transect Sampling with the other well-established sampling approaches for the estimation of volume, necromass and carbon storage in terms of precision and sampling effort. It is shown that Point Transect Sampling is the superior method for sampling standing DW regarding efficiency, whereas for sampling downed DW, it is clearly outperformed by Line Intersect Sampling.  相似文献   

Revealing the angular symmetry of chemical bonds by atomic force microscopy     

Welker J  Giessibl FJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6080):444-449

We have measured the angular dependence of chemical bonding forces between a carbon monoxide molecule that is adsorbed to a copper surface and the terminal atom of the metallic tip of a combined scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope. We provide tomographic maps of force and current as a function of distance that revealed the emergence of strongly directional chemical bonds as tip and sample approach. The force maps show pronounced single, dual, or triple minima depending on the orientation of the tip atom, whereas tunneling current maps showed a single minimum for all three tip conditions. We introduce an angular dependent model for the bonding energy that maps the observed experimental data for all observed orientations and distances.  相似文献   

Bergmann glial AMPA receptors are required for fine motor coordination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

AS Saab  A Neumeyer  HM Jahn  A Cupido  AA Šimek  HJ Boele  A Scheller  K Le Meur  M Götz  H Monyer  R Sprengel  ME Rubio  JW Deitmer  CI De Zeeuw  F Kirchhoff 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6095):749-753

The impact of glial neurotransmitter receptors in vivo is still elusive. In the cerebellum, Bergmann glial (BG) cells express α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) composed exclusively of GluA1 and/or GluA4 subunits. With the use of conditional gene inactivation, we found that the majority of cerebellar GluA1/A4-type AMPARs are expressed in BG cells. In young mice, deletion of BG AMPARs resulted in retraction of glial appendages from Purkinje cell (PC) synapses, increased amplitude and duration of evoked PC currents, and a delayed formation of glutamatergic synapses. In adult mice, AMPAR inactivation also caused retraction of glial processes. The physiological and structural changes were accompanied by behavioral impairments in fine motor coordination. Thus, BG AMPARs are essential to optimize synaptic integration and cerebellar output function throughout life.  相似文献