Using urea dilution to standardise components of pleural and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the dog     

Mills PC  Litster AL 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2005,53(6):423-428

AIM: To develop a technique to estimate the volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pleural lavage (PL) in the dog, using the urea dilution method. METHODS: BAL and PL fluids were obtained by saline lavage of pulmonary and pleural cavities of nine clinically healthy mixed-breed dogs immediately after euthanasia. Cell counts in the BAL and PL fluids were measured using standard techniques. The concentration of ELF in each lavage fluid was calculated from the relative concentration of urea in plasma and in each type of lavage fluid. Cell counts in ELF were then calculated. RESULTS: There were substantially higher cell counts in ELF compared to BAL or PF fluid. However, nucleated cell counts in ELF could not be predicted from cell counts in BAL or PL fluid. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that accurate assessment of cellular or non-cellular components in lavage fluids should include a calculation of the proportion of ELF recovered, using a method such as urea dilution.  相似文献   

Surface-active phospholipid (surfactant) in equine tendon and tendon sheath fluid     

Mills PC  Hills Y  Hills BA 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2005,53(2):154-156

AIM: To investigate the presence of surface-active phospholipid (SAPL, or surfactant) in equine tendon and tendon sheath fluid. METHODS: The left front flexor tendon and sheath were removed from five Thoroughbred horses. Phospholipid was extracted from tendon sheath fluid using Folch reagent and quantified using spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the tendon surfaces. RESULTS: The presence of phospholipid (90.6 (SD 4.3) microg/ml) in tendon sheath fluid, plus the appearance of oligolamellar layers and lamellar bodies on the tendon surface were indicative of SAPL. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of SAPL was found in equine tendon, and may have a similar lubricating function as reported for synovial joints. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may have important implications for normal tendon function and possible therapeutic adjuncts for tendon and tendon sheath injuries.  相似文献   

Observations on the selenium status of cattle in the north-east of Scotland.     

J R Arthur  J Price  C F Mills 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(15):340-341

Cattle on 18 of 21 farms in north-east Scotland were found to have low whole blood activities of the selenium-containing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (less than 5 units per ml whole blood), and a low blood concentration of selenium (less than 0.05 mg per litre). These cattle had all been fed on locally produced feedstuffs without any mineral supplementation. The low selenium status in cattle occurred on farms with soils derived from a range of parent material, no one particular type predominating.  相似文献   

Canine Filaroides osleri and Filaroides milksi infection     

J H Mills  S W Nielsen 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1966,149(1):56-63

  相似文献   

Systemic candidiasis in calves on prolonged antibiotic therapy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J H Mills  R S Hirth 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1967,150(8):862-870

  相似文献   

Evaluation of histopathologic and physiologic changes in cows having premature births after consuming Ponderosa pine needles     

R Jensen  A C Pier  C C Kaltenbach  W J Murdoch  V M Becerra  K W Mills  J L Robinson 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(2):285-289

Premature calving, typified by early expulsion (17 to 43 days) of weak or dead calves and accompanied by retained placentas, was induced in 8 of 9 pregnant cows fed a mixture of Ponderosa pine needles and alfalfa hay. Five control cows of comparable gestation age fed only alfalfa hay maintained normal pregnancies until they were euthanatized at the time the pine needle-treated cows were producing premature calves. Serum specimens from all cows were assayed for progesterone concentration and ovaries and placentomes were examined for histopathologic changes. There were no bacterial, fungal, chlamydial, or viral agents determined to be associated with the premature births. Serum progesterone concentration in the treated cows decreased progressively and were 0.4 to 1.5 ng/ml at the time of premature calving. Histopathologic changes were evident in the placenta and corpora lutea of treated cows only. The number of binucleate trophoblastic giant cells in placentomes was less than normal and the number of necrotic luteal cells in corpora lutea was greater than normal.  相似文献   

Meat composition and palatability of Holstein and beef steers as influenced by forage type and protein source.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E W Mills  J W Comerford  R Hollender  H W Harpster  B House  W R Henning 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(8):2446-2451

This experiment determined meat composition and palatability changes resulting from feeding Holstein (HOL) and crossbred beef (XB) steers diets containing corn silage (CS) or alfalfa haylage (AH) (forage type) and soybean meal (SM) or fish meal (FM) (protein source). Fifty-nine steers (30 HOL and 29 XB) were randomly assigned to diet combinations for a 2 x 2 x 2 (breed x forage x protein) factorial arrangement. Steers were fed to a fat-constant end point (fat depth over the longissimus muscle measured by ultrasound: 1.0 cm XB, .6 cm HOL). Proximate and fatty acid analysis and sensory evaluation were conducted on a rib eye roast and steaks, respectively, removed from the left side of each carcass at ribs 9 to 12. Proximate analysis of the longissimus muscle showed no significant difference (P greater than .05) in moisture, protein, or fat content due to breed, forage, or protein treatment. Forage type had no significant effect (P greater than .05) on amount of individual fatty acids found in longissimus muscle. However, total polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher (P greater than .05) for AH than for CS-fed animals. Longissimus muscle from steers fed FM had higher palmitoleic and lower stearic acid contents (both P less than .05) than longissimus muscle from animals fed SM. Muscle from HOL had higher palmitoleic and lower stearic acid contents than that from XB steers (both P less than .05). There was no significant interaction (P greater than .05) of breed with either diet treatment for individual fatty acid contents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

The informed consent doctrine: what veterinarians should tell their clients     

Flemming DD  Scott JF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(9):1436-1439

  相似文献   

Technical note: A proposed method to determine the extent of degradation of a feed in the rumen from the degradation profile obtained with the in vitro gas production technique using feces as the inoculum     

Dhanoa MS  France J  Crompton LA  Mauricio RM  Kebreab E  Mills JA  Sanderson R  Dijkstra J  López S 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(3):733-746

A method is proposed to determine the extent of degradation in the rumen involving a two-stage mathematical modeling process. In the first stage, a statistical model shifts (or maps) the gas accumulation profile obtained using a fecal inoculum to a ruminal gas profile. Then, a kinetic model determines the extent of degradation in the rumen from the shifted profile. The kinetic model is presented as a generalized mathematical function, allowing any one of a number of alternative equation forms to be selected. This method might allow the gas production technique to become an approach for determining extent of degradation in the rumen, decreasing the need for surgically modified animals while still maintaining the link with the animal. Further research is needed before the proposed methodology can be used as a standard method across a range of feeds.  相似文献   

Massive-star supernovae as major dust factories     

Sugerman BE  Ercolano B  Barlow MJ  Tielens AG  Clayton GC  Zijlstra AA  Meixner M  Speck A  Gledhill TM  Panagia N  Cohen M  Gordon KD  Meyer M  Fabbri J  Bowey JE  Welch DL  Regan MW  Kennicutt RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5784):196-200

We present late-time optical and mid-infrared observations of the Type II supernova 2003gd in the galaxy NGC 628. Mid-infrared excesses consistent with cooling dust in the ejecta are observed 499 to 678 days after outburst and are accompanied by increasing optical extinction and growing asymmetries in the emission-line profiles. Radiative-transfer models show that up to 0.02 solar masses of dust has formed within the ejecta, beginning as early as 250 days after outburst. These observations show that dust formation in supernova ejecta can be efficient and that massive-star supernovae could have been major dust producers throughout the history of the universe.  相似文献