Terrestrial Arthropods in the Initial Restoration Stages of Anthracite Coal Mine Spoil Heaps in Northwestern Spain: Potential Usefulness of Higher Taxa as Restoration Indicators     

Emilio Jorge Tizado  Etelvina Núez‐Prez 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1131-1140

An “edaphic‐landscape” restoration was performed in two anthracite coal mine spoil heaps located in NW Spain as a demonstration and pilot program for the restoration of coal mine spoils. Terrestrial arthropods were used to monitor the process as an alternative to the use of secondary succession of plants or physico‐chemical indicators of soils. This study analyzes the usefulness of the terrestrial arthropods at different taxonomic levels (orders of Arthropoda, families of Coleoptera, and species of Carabidae) as restoration indicators in the initial restoration stages. The terrestrial arthropods respond rapidly to restoration, and the results may be explained by short‐term increase in abiotic factors resulting from the applied techniques, mainly the animal origin of the organic matter added and the biodegradable coconut geotextile. Carabidae is of relatively low value as a short‐term restoration indicator at a specific level. Coleoptera provided the best information for interpreting the ecological results over the short term and had the best relationship with the cost of identification. Likewise, the results showed that the edaphic‐landscape restoration leads to an abnormal arthropod assemblage in the short term because of an excessive abundance of isopods and polydesmids. No clear convergence appeared toward any of the terrestrial arthropod communities present in the grassland, scrubland, or woodland semi‐natural areas, which were used as reference end point. The restoration indicator value produced by the higher taxonomic levels of the studied terrestrial arthropods may be useful and cost‐effective for assessing short‐term changes caused by environmental restorations performed to recover ecosystems affected by mining activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Important considerations in the analysis of generation means     

Robert J. Beaver  Jorge A. Mosjidis 《Euphytica》1988,39(3):233-235

Summary The weighted least squares (WLS) procedure has been widely used in the analysis of generation means in biometrical genetics. Two methods to carry out the analysis have been presented in the literature (Mather & Jinks, 1971; Rowe & Alexander, 1980). Neither method identified the factors that need to be taken into account when deciding which procedure to use. This paper examines the fitting of the additive-dominance model using the general principles of least squares analysis and presents the statistical basis of each procedure. Mather & Jink's method, which is more realistic according to genetic theory, is based on the assumption that the populations have nonhomogeneous variances. Rowe & Alexander's method is based on the assumption that the populations have homogeneous variances. In the latter case, there is actually no need to do a WLS analysis. The ordinary least square analysis using the original observations rather than the means, will produce the regression parameter estimates.  相似文献   

Sunflower mutant containing high levels of palmitic acid in high oleic background     

José M. Fernández-Martínez  Manuel Mancha  Jorge Osorio  Rafael Garcés 《Euphytica》1997,97(1):113-116

A new sunflower mutant, CAS-12, was obtained, which has both high palmitic (≈30%) and high oleic acid contents, and also a substantial amount of palmitoleic acid (≈7%). The mutant was selected after X-ray irradiation of dry seeds of the inbred line BSD-2-423, which had normal palmitic (≈3%) and high oleic (≈88%) acid levels. The increase of palmitic and palmitoleic acids occurred at the expense of the oleic acid content, which decreased to around 55% in respect to the original line. Linoleic acid content is always under 5%. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid levels were similar to those of the high palmitic mutant CAS-5 obtained in a previous programme from a low oleic line isogenic to BSD-2-423 using a similar mutagenic treatment. In that previous programme we also selected three high stearic acid mutants using chemical mutagenic treatment on the same sunflower line (RDF-1-532). We attempted to obtain mutants in other lines but were unsuccessful. The isolation of similar mutants in isogenic parental lines illustrates the importance of the genetic background in the development of specific mutants with an altered seed oil fatty acid composition. The oil of this mutant will increase the range of potential uses of sunflower oil. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Molecular biology of male gametogenesis     

Sheila Mccormick  Catherine Curie  Yoram Eyal  Jorge Muschietti  Lori Dircks  Rima Kulikauskas 《Euphytica》1994,79(3):245-250

Pollen development has been studied at a molecular level in several systems that are amenable to genetic or transgenic analysis. We have characterized several tomato genes that are expressed late in pollen development. Our goals in this research were 1) to determine the cis- and tran-acting factors that mediate pollen expression, and 2) to determine the functions of the proteins encoded by these genes. We currently favor the hypothesis that pollen-specific gene expression is mediated in a combinatorial manner. Antisense experiments have indicated an important role for the LAT52 protein during pollen hydration.  相似文献   

Responses to water withdrawal of tobacco plants genetically engineered with the AtTPS1 gene: a special reference to photosynthetic parameters     

André M. Almeida  Anabela B. Silva  Susana S. Araújo  Luís A. Cardoso  Dulce M. Santos  José M. Torné  Jorge M. Silva  Matthew J. Paul  Pedro S. Fevereiro 《Euphytica》2007,154(1-2):113-126

We have previously obtained several lines of tobacco transformed with a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene of plant origin (Arabidopsis thaliana), involved in the first step of the biosynthesis of trehalose, a known osmoprotectant. Two showed distinct intensity of expression: high (B5H) and low (B1F). Such lines were analyzed for trehalose-6-phosphate content and the obtained results demonstrated to be in accordance with the expression results. In order to study the responses of photosynthesis to water deficit of transgenic lines in comparison to wild type (WT), three experiments were performed under different conditions: (1) Relative water (2) Leaf gas exchange (3) Modulated Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Different responses in RWC of plant lines to water withdrawal were detected, with transgenic line B5H indicating less water loss after the water withdrawal period. Similar responses to water deficit regarding the leaf gas exchanges were recorded for the three lines. When subjected to water deficit stress situations, higher F _v/F _m, Φ_PSII and qP were detected for the transgenic lines. Under a SWC of 20% where higher values for such parameters were detected with special relevance for the B5H line, indicating a possible higher ability to withstand severe drought stress and to resist to prolonged periods without water than the B1F and WT lines.  相似文献   

基于SNP和InDel标记的巴西木薯遗传多样性与群体遗传结构分析     

SUN Qian  ZOU Mei-Ling  ZHANG Chen-Ji  JIANG Si-Rong  Eder Jorge de Oliveira  ZHANG Sheng-Kui  XIA Zhi-Qiang  WANG Wen-Quan  LI You-Zhi 《作物学报》1962,47(1):42-49

As a typical tropical crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, high biomass and so on. In addition to being used for food and forage, it can also be used for production, processing and starch extraction. Due to highly heterozygous cassava genome, breeding is more difficult. Enriching the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm, comprehensively evaluating its genetic background and traits, and discovering superior alleles that control excellent traits are of great significance for cassava breeding in the future. In order to analyze the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure of cassava germplasm in Brazil, 7946 SNPs and 1997 InDels molecular markers were used. Population structure analysis was performed by ADMIXTURE software, and principal component analysis was performed by GCTA software. Brazilian cassava was divided into nine subgroups, and was roughly consistent with the results of cluster analysis using PHYLIP. Among them, subgroup 1, subgroup 2, subgroup 4, subgroup 6, and subgroup 8 could be clustered together respectively, while the samples of other subgroups could be roughly clustered, and there was a certain cross between the samples. The genetic diversity of cassava germplasm in Brazil (0.274) was higher than the genetic diversity level of cassava germplasm in China and Nigeria. Subgroup 5 of Brazil cassava had a relatively high genetic diversity (0.29). The genetic differentiation of subgroups was low (the genetic differentiation vary from 0.03 to 0.15), but higher than domestic cassava germplasm. The genetic distance between cassava accessions varied from 0.084 to 0.297, with the average of 0.228. The results of this study can provide a basis for subsequent association analysis to identify great alleles and introduction.  相似文献   

Implications of the number of years assessment on recommendation of common bean cultivars          下载免费PDF全文

Ricardo Augusto Diniz Cabral Ferreira  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho  Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barrozo Toledo  Angela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):599-604

In the common bean crop in Brazil, the requirement of the value for cultivation and use trials is that these experiments must be conducted over two years in three locations per region. Information in regard to the necessary number of years to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation and the influence of evaluated years in the estimation of the GE interaction are still scarce. Using grain yield of five check varieties assessed over 11 years in three sowing seasons per year, the aims of this study are as follows: to measure the relative contribution of the GE interaction, evaluating the implication of the number of years in the estimates of the GE interaction, and infer how many years are needed to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation. For instances, analysis of variance was carried out involving all environments and also combinations of years. The results showed that the GE interaction was greater than all other cross‐effects involving lines. The use of at least two years allows good coincidence in cultivar recommendation compared to the whole period. Increasing the evaluation time is a good strategy, especially when it is difficult to grow three different sowing seasons.  相似文献   

Arsenic(V) Adsorption onto Biogenic Hydroxyapatite: Solution Composition Effects     

Mariela Czerniczyniec  Silvia Farías  Jorge Magallanes  Daniel Cicerone 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,180(1-4):75-82

This study qualifies and quantifies the effects of pH, hardness, alkalinity, salinity and bone calcination temperature related with the adsorption of As(V) onto biogenic hydroxyapatite (HAPb) obtained from cow-charred bones. Arsenic contamination of surface and subsurface waters is widely extended in Argentina. It is a problem of major concern, particularly in rural and suburban areas where there are not water treatment plants for supplying of drinking water. HAPb is a natural material, whose absorbent properties can be used for the design of low-cost technologies for As(V) abatement in water. In this work HAPb has been characterized by physical and chemical analysis (XRD, SEM, EDAX, BET, and electrophoretic mobility). A Plackett–Burman screening experimental design allowed us to determine the main variables affecting the efficiency of As(V) sorption onto HAPb. Based on these variables and with a design of higher order we developed a model of the system to study its behaviour. Data collection was planned through a Doehlert experimental design and a back propagation artificial neural network was used to work it out. Results showed that salinity is the major variable affecting the efficiency of the As(V) immobilization process but pH and hardness should be taken into account because of associations among them.  相似文献   

Diversity of native rice (Oryza Poaceae:) species of Costa Rica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alejandro Zamora  Cynthia Barboza  Jorge Lobo  Ana M. Espinoza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):855-870

We found several populations of wild Oryza species in the lowlands of Costa Rica. The plants showed extensive morphological variation, suggesting the presence of several species. In the morphologic study, 33 traits were scored for plants of all the species. A principal component analysis revealed the significant morphological separation of the different species. The analyses indicated that there are three species, O. grandi­glumis, O. latifolia and O. glumaepatula. Two putative hybrid types were found, both significantly differing in their morphology from the known species and intermediate at several traits. O. grandi­glumis is a new record for Costa Rican flora. Its main population is located in Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Los Chiles, Alajuela. O. latifolia is distributed throughout the lowlands of the country and the plants of the Atlantic slope are significantly bigger in general habit than those of the Guanacaste area. During this study a population of O. glumaepatula of hundreds of thousands of plants was discovered in the Medio Queso River wetland, Los Chiles, Alajuela. This population is the most important source of genes for cultivar's improvement from the primary gene pool of rice in Costa Rica. The small ligule and the wide flag leaf characteristic of the two CCDD species separated them from the AA diploid O. glumaepatula. Seed size, ligule size, number of branches in the panicle, plant height and sterile lemma length are all bigger in O. grandi­glumis, and influenced the second factor that separated the CCDD species in two discrete clusters. The species found offer great possibilities for the improvement of rice cultivars and they should be thoroughly studied and appropriately protected.  相似文献   

8S globulin of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: cloning and characterization of its cDNA isoforms, expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and crystallization of the major recombinant 8S isoform     

Bernardo AE  Garcia RN  Adachi M  Angeles JG  Kaga A  Ishimoto M  Utsumi S  Tecson-Mendoza EM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2552-2560

Three isoforms of the cDNA of the major 8S globulin of mungbean, 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, were isolated, cloned, and characterized. The cDNA sequences of 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta had open reading frames of 1362, 1359 or 1362, and 1359 bp, respectively, which code for 454, 453 or 454, and 453 amino acids corresponding to molecular weights of 51 973, 51 627 or 51 758, and 51 779, respectively. Homology in terms of cDNA and amino acid sequences was 91-92% between 8Salpha and 8Salpha', 87% between 8Salpha and 8Sbeta, and 86-88% between 8Salpha' and 8Sbeta. The signal peptide was found to be 1-25, 1-24 or 25, and 1-23 for 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, respectively, using the signalP website (Nielsen, H.; Engelbrecht, J.; Brunak, S.; von Heijne, G. Protein Eng. 1997, 10, 1-6). The propeptide was determined to be IVHREN. A single site for glycosylation (N-X-S/T) was observed about 90 amino acids from the C terminus. Homology between mungbean 8S isoforms and other 7-8S proteins ranged from 45 to 68% within members of the legume family and 29 to 34% for crops of different species. The major isoform 8Salpha was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by successive ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and Mono Q column chromatography. The recombinant 8Salpha, but not the native form, was successfully crystallized producing rhombohedral crystals.  相似文献