Low water exchange Gracilariopsis bailiniae Zhang & B.M. Xia culture in intensive milkfish culture effluents: effects of seaweed density on seaweed production and effluent treatment     

Rhea Joy Carton-Kawagoshi  Bessie Joy Elle  Valeriano Corre Jr.  Shuichi Satoh  Masahiro Notoya  Daisuke Fujita 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):573-584

This study tested the feasibility of a low-cost seaweed biofiltration system for pond-based aquaculture through an indoor-integrated fish-seaweed culture experiment using weekly nutrient supply regime and different seaweed stocking densities. The culture experiment was conducted in glass aquaria that were stocked with Gracilariopsis bailiniae at 3 densities (low = 0.5 kg m^?2, middle = 2 kg m^?2 and high = 3.5 kg m^?2) and provided either with effluents from intensive milkfish (Chanos chanos) culture or with effluent-free seawater (control) as nutrient source. Stocking density was used as a factor in optimizing nutrient availability for growth and nutrient removal under such low water exchange conditions. Our results showed that G. bailiniae cultivated in milkfish effluents had higher growth, biomass and nitrogen yields than those cultivated in effluent-free seawater. Among the different stocking densities tested, highest growth rate (1.03 % day^?1) was obtained in the middle density. Increasing biomass and nitrogen yields were also obtained at this density until the end of the culture period. Poorer growth rates at low and high stocking densities were attributed to light limitation from phytoplankton and self-shading, respectively. Due to seaweed treatment, average outflow concentration of NH₄ ⁺ was reduced from half of its pretreated level. This study showed that a weekly effluent supply at 2 kg m^?2 seaweed stocking density can sustainably support the growth of G. bailiniae as long as the dissolved nutrients are present at high levels.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions     

I. A. Khan  K. P. Joy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(4):187-190

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.  相似文献   

Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014‐2018)     

Joy E. Tomlinson  Amit Kapoor  Arvind Kumar  Bud C. Tennant  Melissa A. Laverack  Laurie Beard  Katie Delph  Elizabeth Davis  Harold Schott II  Kara Lascola  Todd C. Holbrook  Philip Johnson  Sandra D. Taylor  Erica McKenzie  Jessica Carter‐Arnold  Emilie Setlakwe  Lisa Fultz  Jeff Brakenhoff  Rebecca Ruby  Sheetal Trivedi  Gerlinde R. Van de Walle  Randall W. Renshaw  Edward J. Dubovi  Thomas J. Divers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):251-257

  相似文献   

Composites of wood and trans-1,4-isoprene rubber II: Processing conditions for production of the composites     

F. Febrianto  M. Yoshioka  Y. Nagai  M. Mihara  N. Shiraishi 《Wood Science and Technology》2001,35(4):297-310

 The occurrence of grafting between WF and MTIR through esterification, the processing conditions for production of the composites, and the effect of MAH concentration on some physical and mechanical properties as well as the biodegradability of the composites have been studied. The FTIR measurement demonstrated that grafting through esterification had been attained between OH-groups of WF and acid anhydride groups of MTIR during kneading. The optimum kneading conditions for preparing the composites were 120 °C, 30 ∼ 90 rpm for 10 min. The tensile properties of the composites with WF based filler are greater than those with CS (corn starch) based filler. Addition of 10% of MTIR•10 and 8% MAH prepared using the two-step and one-step process, respectively to the TIR-WF composites gave the best result of tensile properties. The presence of MAH in the TIR-WF composites also improved the dimensional stabilization of the resulting composites. The tensile strengh of the composites prepared using the one-step process was about 90% of the composite prepared using the two-step process. The composites of TIR-WF with MTIR compatibilizer had slightly less resistance against subterranean termite (C. formasanus), brown-rot fungus (T. palustris), and white-rot fungus (C. versicolor) and slightly more resistance against bacteria (Bacillus sp.), within the experimental conditioned adopted. Received 8 February 1999  相似文献   

ESR studies of radicals generated by ultrasonic irradiation of lignin solution. An application of the spin trapping method     

T. Seino  A. Yoshioka  M. Fujiwara  K.-L. Chen  T. Erata  M. Tabata  M. Takai 《Wood Science and Technology》2001,35(1-2):97-106

 An electron spin resonance (ESR) method combined with a spin trapping reagent was successfully applied to trap and characterize unstable radicals which were generated by ultrasonic irradiation of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution of hardwood, Fagus crenata lignin. It was found, consequently, that a secondary carbon radical, ∼CH· was trapped as the nitroxide spin adduct when the DMSO solution was subjected to ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of a spin trapping reagent: 2, 4, 6-tri-tert-butylnitrosobenzene (BNB) at 50 °C for 60 minutes under vacuum. This means that the alkyl phenyl ether bonds known as lignin linkage bonds were homolytically scissoned by the ultrasonic irradiation, although the phenoxy radical, Ph-O· as the counter radical of the secondary carbon radical was not trapped by the BNB spin trap. Further, the data showed that the primary carbon radical, ∼OCH₂ · is trapped by the BNB to form the corresponding spin adduct, indicating that the hydrogen abstraction from the ortho methoxy group in the syringyl and/or guaiacyl moiety is induced by the secondary carbon radical when irradiated. Based on these findings it was concluded that the Ph-O· radicals produced by the homolytic rupture of the alkyl phenyl ether bonds were not trapped by the BNB spin trap. This suggests that large steric hindrances operate between the syringyl with two methoxy moieties and/or guaiacyl with a methoxy moiety at the ortho position, and the BNB molecule bearing two bulky ortho tert-butyl groups. Received 5 January 1999  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of the phenolated wood using hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a catalyst   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

M. H. Alma  M. Yoshioka  Y. Yao  N. Shiraishi 《Wood Science and Technology》1995,30(1):39-47

Summary Birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel) wood meal was liquefied in the presence of phenol using hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a catalyst at a temperature of 150 °C for 2 h in an autoclave. It was found out that HCl acid could be used as an effective catalyst for the hydroxy phenylation of wood under the experimental conditions. In this study the effect of the concentration of the acid catalyst and the phenol-to-wood ratio on the liquefaction were investigated. The results showed that the phenol-to-wood ratio and the concentration should be increased to a certain degree in order to achieve a less residual rate and sufficient amount of combined phenol. The phenolated woods had apparent flow temperatures in the range of 134.4 to 199.8 °C, being higher than that of a commercial novolak resin. Furthermore, increases in the HCl concentration during liquefaction reaction led to increase in the apparent flow temperature of the resulting phenolated woods. However, the changes in the liquid ratio did not bring about evident changes. The relationship between shear stress (τ) and shear rate showed that the phenolated wood resin melts were shear thinning fluids. The dependences of the apparent melt-viscosities (η) of the phenolated woods and a commercial novolak resin on the shear rates ( ) have the similar tendencies, however, it was found the viscosities of the phenolated woods are about one order higher than that of commercial novolak resin.  相似文献   

Lateral female strobili production in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) clone by exogenous cytokinin application     

Satoru Wakushima  Hisashi Yoshioka  Naoki Sakurai 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(3):143-148

Application ofN ⁶-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellin (GA₃) to a grafted Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) clone promoted flowering. BAP (250 mg/l) was sprayed five times to the top of branches in July or September 1992. GA₃ (100 or 500 mg/l) was applied five times to the whole plants by spray treatment during the above period, or GA₃ solution of the same concentration was injected once into a small incision made in the main stem of clone trees at the beginning of July or the middle of September 1992. In May 1993, no apical female strobili were observed at the top of the new shoots in any treatment. However, lateral female and bisexual strobili were produced in the lower part of new shoots by BAP application in September, regardless of GA₃ application. BAP applied in September without GA₃ application was sufficient to produce lateral female and bisexual strobili. In such treatment, production of female and bisexual strobili was 47 and 25, and they occurred in 16 out of 68 new shoots, 11 out of 15 treated branches and 5 out of 5 treated trees. The average number of female and bisexual strobili per new shoot was 1.06. BAP treatment either in July or in September significantly decreased (p<0.05) the production of male strobili. These results indicate that BAP application induces the development of lateral female strobili in Japanese red pine when applied during the period of floral differentiation. A part of this paper was presented at the 105th annual meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society.  相似文献   

Newly developed nanocomposites from cellulose acetate/layered silicate/poly(ε-caprolactone): Synthesis and morphological characterization     

Mariko Yoshioka  Keiji Takabe  Junji Sugiyama  Yoshiyuki Nishio 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(2):121-127

New biodegradable cellulose acetate/layered silicate grafted poly(ε-caprolactone) [(CA/layered silicate)-g-PCL] nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of cellulose acetate (CA) and organically modified layered silicate (OMLS). The structures of the resulting composites were investigated. X-ray diffractometry was carried out to survey general structural features of (CA/OMLS)-g-PCL nanocomposites, and revealed that OMLSs having hydroxyl groups in the organic modifiers greatly altered the layered silicate structure by monomer intercalation and successive exfoliation through its polymerization. Two of the representative cases were characterized by wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses with a synchrotron source. The morphology of these nanocomposites was further examined by transmission electron microscopy. When SPN, one of OMLSs having one hydroxyl group in its modifier, was used, the silicate layers could not be dispersed thoroughly, but existed as aggregates consisting of several silicate layers. Among them, the crystal growth of PCL developed by transcrystallization, where the crystal growth was restricted in the confined space. When Cloisite 30B, having two hydroxyl groups within the modifier, was used, the silicate layers forming the clay were dispersed completely in the composite and random orientation of the OMLS was observed.  相似文献   

Myeloma-related disorders in cats commonly present as extramedullary neoplasms in contrast to myeloma in human patients: 24 cases with clinical follow-up     

Mellor PJ  Haugland S  Murphy S  Smith KC  Holloway A  Archer J  Powell RM  Polton GA  Tasker S  McCormick D  Tempest ME  McNeil PE  Scase TJ  Knott CD  Bonfanti U  Villiers EJ  Argyle DJ  Herrtage ME  Day MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(6):1376-1383

BACKGROUND: Myeloma-related disorders (MRD) are rare neoplasms of plasma cells. Published case reports describe a diversity of clinical presentations with confusing terminology and diagnostic criteria as a consequence of the assumption that MRD in cats are analogous to those in dogs or humans. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe clinical, clinicopathologic and imaging findings, response to treatment, survival and possible associations with other diseases or vaccination in a large case series. A priori hypotheses were that cats with MRD commonly present with extramedullary involvement and uncommonly have radiographic bone lesions, in contrast to human patients. ANIMALS: Twenty-four cats with MRD confirmed by cytology or histopathology and immunohistochemistry. METHOD: A multicenter retrospective study was performed. RESULTS: Two types of clinical presentation were observed. The first group (n = 17) had neoplasia involving abdominal organs, bone marrow, or both. All developed systemic clinical signs and paraproteinemia. Five of 7 cats that received chemotherapy improved clinically or had decreased serum globulin concentration (median survival, 12.3 months; range, 8.5-22 months). The second group comprised 7 cats with skin masses, 2 of which were paraproteinemic and developed rapidly worsening systemic signs. In cats without systemic signs, excision of the skin masses appeared to be associated with prolonged survival (up to 2.4 years). Cats with MRD commonly presented with extramedullary involvement (67%), versus humans with MRD (5%) (P < .001), and uncommonly presented with radiographic bone lesions (8%) versus humans with MRD (80%) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic bone lesions are uncommon in cats with MRD and extramedullary presentation is common, relative to human myeloma.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding calves genetically modified corn bt11: a clinico-biochemical study     

Shimada N  Murata H  Mikami O  Yoshioka M  Guruge KS  Yamanaka N  Nakajima Y  Miyazaki S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(10):1113-1115

Genetically modified corn Bt11 is insect-resistant and expresses Cry1Ab toxin, an insecticidal protein, in kernels. Although Bt11 corn is considered safe based on animal performance, there are no reports available on the clinico-biochemical effects of feeding it to cattle. In this study, we evaluated the effects of feeding Bt11 to calves, using blood and ruminal clinico-biochemical parameters. Our three-month-long feeding experiment demonstrated that calves (n=6), fed with a ration containing 43.3% of Bt11 corn kernels as dry matter, did not develop any discernible clinical, hematological, biochemical, or ruminal abnormalities as compared with control calves (n=6) fed non-Bt11 corn. The results suggest that the transgenic Bt11 has no negative clinico-biochemical effects on calves.  相似文献