Selecting terrestrial arthropods as indicators of small-scale disturbance: A first approach in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marcio Uehara-Prado  Juliana de Oliveira Fernandes  Glauco Machado 《Biological conservation》2009,142(6):1220-1228

The growing pressure placed by human development on natural resources creates a need for quick and precise answers about the state of conservation of different areas. Thus, identifying and making use of ecological indicators becomes an essential task in the conservation of tropical systems. Here we assess the effects of small-scale disturbance on terrestrial arthropods and select groups that could be used as ecological indicators in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Arthropods were sampled within a continuous forest in the Serra do Mar State Park, southeastern Brazil, both in disturbed and undisturbed areas of the reserve. The abundance of exotic species was higher in the disturbed site, and this pattern seems to be an adequate indicator of anthropogenic disturbance. Species richness of Araneae, Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae, and epigaeic Coleoptera (pooled) was higher in the undisturbed site, while that of fruit-feeding butterflies was higher in the disturbed site. Species richness was not significantly correlated between any pair of taxa. In contrast, species composition was significantly correlated among most groups, and clearly discriminates the disturbed from the undisturbed site. Moreover, fruit-feeding butterflies and epigaeic Coleoptera composition discriminated disturbed and undisturbed sites even when species were grouped into higher taxonomic levels, which may be a way of overcoming the difficulty of identifying arthropod species from poorly studied, species-rich ecosystems. Potential applications for these indicators include the choice and evaluation of sites for the establishment of natural reserves, elaboration of management plans, and the assessment of ecological impacts due to human activities, either for the purposes of licensing or legal compensation.  相似文献   

Normal distribution of immunoglobulin isotypes in adult horses     

de Camargo MM  Kuribayashi JS  Bombardieri CR  Hoge A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):359-361

Studies focusing on the equine humoral response are scarce, with a bias towards the pre- and post-parturition mare and its foal. The present study attempted to expand current knowledge by establishing normal ranges for adult horse serum isotypes. Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations were obtained by screening 47 horses of various breeds and in different training regimes. Radial immunodiffusion values (mg/dL) were 196 ± 73 for IgA, 2704 ± 1424 for IgG, 419 ± 220 for IgG(T) and 70 ± 30 for IgM. All values passed the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test. The results will be of use to the field veterinarian as well for the basic researcher working on horses.  相似文献   

New Insect Host Defense Peptides (HDP) From Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Transcriptomes     

Germn Alberto Tllez Ramirez  Juan Felipe Osorio-Mndez  Diana Carolina Henao Arias  Lily Johanna Toro S.  Juliana Franco Castrilln  Maribel Rojas-Montoya  Jhon Carlos Castao Osorio 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(4)

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Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration alters the effect of phosphate supply on growth of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings     

Kogawara S  Norisada M  Tange T  Yagi H  Kojima K 《Tree physiology》2006,26(1):25-33

We demonstrated that the inorganic phosphate (P(i)) requirement for growth of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.) seedlings is increased by elevated CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) and that responses of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch to P(i) supply are also altered. To investigate the growth response of non-mycorrhizal seedlings to P(i) supply in elevated [CO(2)], non-mycorrhizal seedlings were grown for 73 days in ambient or elevated [CO(2)] (350 or 700 micromol mol(-1)) with nutrient solutions containing one of seven phosphate concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.20 mM). In ambient [CO(2)], the growth response to P(i) was saturated at about 0.1 mM P(i), whereas in elevated [CO(2)], the growth response to P(i) supply did not saturate, even at the highest P(i) supply (0.2 mM), indicating that the P(i) requirement is higher in elevated [CO(2)] than in ambient [CO(2)]. The increased requirement was due mainly to an altered shoot growth response to P(i) supply. The enhanced P(i) requirement in elevated [CO(2)] was not associated with a change in photosynthetic response to P(i) or a change in leaf phosphorus (P) status. We investigated the effect of P(i) supply (0.04, 0.08 and 0.20 mM) on the ectomycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius in mycorrhizal seedlings grown in ambient or elevated [CO(2)]. Root ergosterol concentration (an indicator of fungal biomass) decreased with increasing P(i) supply in ambient [CO(2)], but the decrease was far less in elevated [CO(2)]. In ambient [CO(2)] the ratio of extramatrical mycelium to root biomass decreased with increasing P(i) supply but did not change in elevated [CO(2)]. We conclude that, because elevated [CO(2)] increased the P(i) requirement for shoot growth, the significance of the ectomycorrhizal association was also increased in elevated [CO(2)].  相似文献   

Antioxidant, icthyotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality tests of Magonia glabrata     

Lemos TL  Machado LL  Souza JS  Fonseca AM  Maia JL  Pessoa OD 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(6):443-445

The ethanolic extract of the fruit bark from Magonia glabrata yielded shikimic acid, scopoletin, sitosterol glycoside and 2-O-methyl-l-inositol. Antioxidant, icthyotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality activities were observed in this extract. The major constituent, 2-O-methyl-l-inositol, was found to be inactive in two assays but showed moderate activity as a radical scavenger.  相似文献   

Montenegro's skin reactions and antibodies against different Leishmania species in dogs from a visceral leishmaniosis endemic area     

Baleeiro CO  Paranhos-Silva M  dos Santos JC  Oliveira GG  Nascimento EG  de Carvalho LP  dos-Santos WL 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,139(1-3):21-28

In this study, humoral (circulating anti-Leishmania antibodies) and cellular (Montenegro's skin test) immune responses of dogs from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniosis were tested using Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis antigens. The antibody response was tested in three animal groups, selected according to their anti-L. chagasi antibody activity, as measured by ELISA in the serum: 19 negative (O.D. below 0.30), seven with undefined (O.D. between 0.40 and 0.70) and 12 positive (O.D. above 1.0) ELISA result. In the group of animals with positive ELISA, the antibody activity against L. chagasi antigens (mean O.D.=1.31) was significantly higher (ANOVA, P<0.01) than against L. amazonensis (mean O.D.=0.88) or L. braziliensis (mean O.D.=0.87) antigens. The Montenegro's skin test results obtained with L. chagasi and L. braziliensis antigens showed a fair agreement (kappa=0.309). The same was observed when antigens from L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis were compared (kappa=0.374), whereas a moderate agreement between the results from tests performed with L. chagasi and L. amazonensis antigens was observed (kappa=0.530). The induration areas obtained with L. braziliensis antigen were smaller than those obtained with the other antigens. The data presented herein indicate that the use of antigens from different Leishmania species may interfere with the results of the immunological tests performed in dogs in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniosis.  相似文献   

两种功能高分子材料对沙土物理性质影响的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王勇  王龙昌  小岛纪德 《干旱地区农业研究》2008,26(5):94-99

采用SEM,透水系数法、加压板法等现代测试手段,观察与分析高分子吸水树脂、固沙植被多功能高分子复合材料表面微观结构形态,比较高分子吸水树脂与固沙植被多功能高分子复合材料改良沙土后沙土的透水、保水等特性及沙土水分的有效利用情况.实验结果证明固沙植被多功能高分子复合材料比高分子吸水树脂改良沙土的效果好,使沙土的气、液、固三相比有利植物的生长,能保持高的水有效利用率.本实验结果为固沙植被多功能高分子复合材料的应用提供了新的依据.  相似文献   

Vibrio spp. Control at Brine Shrimp,Artemia, Hatching and Enrichment     

Juliana Aguiar Interaminense  Nathalia Ferreira Calazans  Bruna Critas do Valle  Joana Lyra Vogeley  Sílvio Peixoto  Roberta Soares  Jos Vitor Lima Filho 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(1):65-74

Experiments were conducted to evaluate different prophylactic methods to control the bacterial load in brine shrimp, Artemia, hatching. The first experiment evaluated three treatments to control Vibrio spp. during the Artemia hatching: microalgae (Chaetoceros calcitrans), probiotic (Bacillus spp.), and antibiotic (Florfenicol). In the second experiment, Artemia metanauplius were enriched in distinct treatments with C. calcitrans, probiotic, and emulsion rich in docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic fatty acids. Enriched Artemia metanauplius and nauplii (control) were offered to white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, postlarvae (PL₇–PL₁₉). Presumptive Vibrio were quantified in Artemia, PL, and rearing water. Microalgae and probiotic were effective to control Vibrio spp. in Artemia nauplii. The enrichment process increased the Artemia bacterial load but did not affect Vibrio load in L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers     

Marcelo A. Araújo  Maurício Deschk  Juliana T. Wagatsuma  Beatriz P. Floriano  Carlos E. Siqueira  Valéria NLS. Oliva  Paulo SP. Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):854-864

Objective

To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Animals

Eight Holstein steers aged (mean ± standard deviation) 12 ± 2 months and weighing 145 ± 26 kg.

Methods

In the first phase of the study, the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was determined using electrical stimulation. In the second phase, the effects of RTP were assessed. The animals were anesthetized on three separate events separated by ≥7 days in an incomplete crossover design: control treatment using a table without tilt (RTP0); treatment with the table at 5° RTP (RTP5) and table tilted 10° RTP (RTP10). Subjects were physically restrained in dorsal recumbency on the table, which was already tilted according to each treatment. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at 8% in 5 L minute^–1 oxygen via face mask followed by maintenance with sevoflurane at 1.3 MAC and spontaneous breathing. Cardiopulmonary variables were obtained immediately after instrumentation (T₀) and then after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (T₃₀, T₆₀, T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀, respectively).

Results

The mean sevoflurane MAC for the eight steers was 2.12 ± 0.31%. Cardiac output was lower at all time points and the systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0. Oxygen consumption was lower at T₀ and at T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and at all time points except T₃₀ compared with RTP5. Oxygen extraction was lower at T₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and RTP5, and at T₆₀ and T₁₈₀ compared with RTP5.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

RTP 5° and 10° did not improve ventilatory and oxygenation variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers when compared with no tilt, however the cardiovascular variables were adversely affected in RTP10.  相似文献   

Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development          下载免费PDF全文

Masaya Katsumata  Tomomi Yamaguchi  Aiko Ishida  Akane Ashihara 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):364-371

The purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage.  相似文献