Anti-biofilm compounds derived from marine sponges     

Stowe SD  Richards JJ  Tucker AT  Thompson R  Melander C  Cavanagh J 《Marine drugs》2011,9(10):2010-2035

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. In the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. In their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. Within a host environment, they are insensitive to antiseptics and basic host immune responses. It is estimated that up to 80% of all microbial infections are biofilm-based. Biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are of particular concern, since once the device is colonized, infection is almost impossible to eliminate. Given the prominence of biofilms in infectious diseases, there is a notable effort towards developing small, synthetically available molecules that will modulate bacterial biofilm development and maintenance. Here, we highlight the development of small molecules that inhibit and/or disperse bacterial biofilms specifically through non-microbicidal mechanisms. Importantly, we discuss several sets of compounds derived from marine sponges that we are developing in our labs to address the persistent biofilm problem. We will discuss: discovery/synthesis of natural products and their analogues-including our marine sponge-derived compounds and initial adjuvant activity and toxicological screening of our novel anti-biofilm compounds.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer by intracerebral route: final report     

Hamir AN  Greenlee JJ  Nicholson EM  Kunkle RA  Richt JA  Miller JM  Hall M 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(2):152-156

Final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to fallow deer (Dama dama) are reported herein. During the 5-year study, 13 fawns were inoculated intracerebrally with CWD-infected brain material from white-tailed deer (n = 7; Group A) or elk (n = 6; Group B), and 3 other fawns were kept as uninoculated controls (Group C). As described previously, 3 CWD-inoculated deer were euthanized at 7.6 mo post-inoculation (MPI). None revealed presence of abnormal prion protein (PrP(d)) in their tissues. At 24 (Group A) and 26 (Group B) MPI, 2 deer were necropsied. Both animals had a small focal accumulation of PrP(d) in their midbrains. Between 29 and 37 MPI, 3 other deer (all from Group A) were euthanized. The 5 remaining deer became sick and were euthanized between 51 and 60 MPI (1 from Group A and 4 from Group B). Microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) were observed in only these 5 animals; however, PrP(d) was detected in tissues of the central nervous system by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and by commercial rapid test in all animals that survived beyond 24 MPI. This study demonstrates that intracerebrally inoculated fallow deer not only amplify CWD prions, but also develop lesions of spongiform encephalopathy.  相似文献   

Cross-Fencing on Private US Rangelands: Financial Costs and Producer Risks     

Kevin Bracy Knight  Theodore P. Toombs  Justin D. Derner 《Herpetological Monographs》2011,33(2):41-44

  相似文献   

In vitro effect of ventriculocordectomy before laryngoplasty on abduction of the equine arytenoid cartilage     

Perkins JD  Meighan H  Windley Z  Troester S  Piercy R  Schumacher J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(3):305-310

Objective: To determine whether ventriculocordectomy (VCE) performed before prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) results in increased rima glottidis size compared with PL alone. Study Design: Experimental study. Animals: Equine cadaver larynges (n=13). Methods: Right arytenoid cartilages were maximally abducted using a standard PL technique. Standard PLs were then performed on the left side and the force required to maximally abduct the left arytenoid cartilage recorded (F_max). Photographs were taken of the rima glottidis at zero force and at five equal levels of force up to F_max. The force applied was released, left VCE performed, and photographs repeated. Arytenoid left:right angle quotients (LRQ) and glottic cross‐sectional area ratios (CSAR) were calculated at each force level in each condition (PL and VCE‐PL). Results: Mean LRQ and CSAR for both PL and VCE‐PL increased with increasing force, initially rapidly before plateauing at ～50% of F_max. LRQ and CSAR were significantly greater for VCE‐PL than for PL (P<.001). When VCE was performed before PL, 12% less force was required to achieve an LRQ of 0.8, and 45% less for a CSAR of 0.8. Conclusions: In vitro, VCE performed before PL enables the arytenoid cartilage to be abducted to a greater degree for a given PL suture force.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a 3-dimensional ultrasound device for noninvasive measurement of urinary bladder volume in dogs     

Matthew R. DiFazio  Justin D. Thomason  Natalia Cernicchiaro  David Biller  Sasha Thomason  Paxton Harness 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(4):1488-1495

  相似文献   

EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT LEVELS OF CADMIUM PRIMARILY IMPACTS TRANSPIRATION IN FIELD-GROWN SOYBEAN     

Justin W. Walley  Alfredo J. Huerta 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1519-1530

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal released into agricultural settings primarily due to human activities. Cadmium is readily taken up by plants from the soil and has been shown to result in numerous changes to plant growth and physiology. In this study we examined the physiological effect of environmentally relevant levels of cadmium on field-grown soybean (Glycine max). No significant differences in carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation response to leaf internal CO₂ concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, or growth parameters were observed. However, we did observe an increase in sap flow, a real-time measure of transpiration. Consistent with increased sap flow there was a significant increase in total daily sap flow and peak sap flow between the control and cadmium-treated plants. Our results suggest that treatment with environmentally relevant levels of cadmium primarily impacts transpiration.  相似文献   

Epidemiological assessment of cassava mosaic disease in Burkina Faso     

Monique Soro  Fidèle Tiendrébéogo  Justin S. Pita  Edwig T. Traoré  Koussao Somé  Ezechiel B. Tibiri  James B. Néya  J. Musembi Mutuku  Jacques Simporé  Daouda Koné 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2207-2216

Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava-growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts-Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre-Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud-Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre-Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts-Bassins, where whitefly-borne infection was higher than cuttings-borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic-like (ACMV-like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic-like (EACMV-like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co-infections of ACMV-like and EACMV-like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV-like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought.  相似文献   

Getting lost in the matrix? On how the characteristics and arrangement of linear landscape elements influence ecological connectivity     

Anderson  Calum  Travis  Justin M. J.  Palmer  Stephen C. F.  Crick  Humphrey Q. P.  Lancaster  Lesley T. 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(10):2503-2517

Landscape Ecology - Linear landscape elements (LLEs) such as ditches and hedgerows can increase the ecological connectivity of habitat embedded within agricultural areas by acting as corridors for...  相似文献   

A comparison of the water use of tree belts and pasture in recharge and discharge zones in a saline catchment in the Central West of NSW, Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Russell S. Crosbie  Brett Wilson  Justin D. Hughes  Christopher McCulloch  Warren McG. King 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(3):211-223

Planting trees has been proposed as part of the solution to dryland salinity in Australia. The best location in the landscape and the spatial arrangement of trees however, is difficult to determine. This paper presents a case study of a field experiment that compared the water use of tree belts with that of pastures in recharge and discharge areas of a first order catchment in the Central West of NSW, Australia.The recharge tree belt and both pasture sites used very similar amounts of water but the discharge tree belt used double the water of the other three land uses by accessing groundwater. The discharge tree belt operated in an energy-limited environment, transpiring at a rate equivalent to atmospheric demand whereas the other three land uses were all water-limited. From a land management point of view, the establishment of more trees on the discharge site would have the biggest impact on reducing saline discharge and the least impact on the agricultural operations.  相似文献   

Public brawling sets very poor example     

Justin Choo 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(11):742-742

  相似文献