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61.
Hajime KATO Masaaki YAMAMOTO Tomona YAMAGUCHI-OZAKI Hiroyuki KADOUCHI Yutaka IWAMOTO Hitoshi NAKAYASHIKI Yukio TOSA Shigeyuki MAYAMA Naoki MORI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):30-47
Eighty-five Pyricularia isolates were collected from 29 host species of Gramineae, Bambusideae and Zingiberaceae plants sampled in Brazil, Uganda,
Ivory Coast, India, Nepal, China, Indonesia and Japan. These isolates were compared on the basis of pathogenicity, mating
ability and restriction fragment length polymorphisms with single-copy DNA probes. Based on the pathogenicity to eight differential
gramineous plants, these isolates were classified into seven pathotypes: finger millet type, foxtail millet type, common millet
type, rice type, crabgrass type, Italian ryegrass/ weeping lovegrass type, and non-cereal/grass type. Genetic variation among
these isolates was assessed by RFLP analysis with two restriction enzymes and nine single-copy DNA probes isolated from a
finger millet strain. An UPGMA dendrogram based on the RFLPs revealed that the 85 isolates could be classified into seven
major groups. Isolates from cereal crops (finger millet, foxtail millet, common millet, wheat and rice) and a grass, Brachiaria plantaginea, were clustered into a single group. They were further divided into six subgroups corresponding to the pathotypes. Among
cereal crop isolates only an isolate from pearl millet was located into a different group. The remaining isolates were clustered
into five groups designated as the crabgrass group, the buffelgrass and jungle rice group, the rice cutgrass, knotroot bristlegrass
and Setaria tomentosa group, the bamboo and bamboo grass group and the Zingiber mioga group. The isolates from cereal crops were generally capable of mating with finger millet strains and constituted a closed
mating compatibility group. These results suggested that the isolates from cereal crops form a single group with a common
ancestor although they are pathogenic to taxonomically diverse plants. A combined analysis of the pathogenicity and genetic
similarity suggested that the transmission of M. grisea isolates occurs in natural agroecosystems between finger millet and Eleusine africana, goosegrass or Bambusa arundinacea, between foxtail millet and green bristlegrass, and between rice and tall fescue, Italian ryegrass, sweet vernalgrass, reed
canarygrass or Oryza longistaminata.
Received 9 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 12 November 1999 相似文献
62.
Namiko IKEDA Daiki KATO Masaya TSUBOI Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Sho YOSHIMOTO Masahiro SHINADA Satoshi KAMOTO Yuko HASHIMOTO Yousuke TAKAHASHI James CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1885
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel cancer treatment for canine tumors. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is overexpressed in some human tumors and inhibits antitumor immunity. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated expression pattern of IDO1 and the nature of IDO1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissue samples, IDO1 expression was detected only in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil tissues, and colon tissues. In contrast, IDO1-positive tumor cells were observed in several tumor tissue types. This is the first study to evaluate IDO1 expression in canine normal and tumor tissues, and the results suggest that IDO1 is a promising target for novel cancer immunotherapy in dogs with tumors. 相似文献
63.
Although d ‐glucose increased the root growth of Arabidopsis seedlings, d ‐allose (a d ‐glucose epimer at the third carbon atom) inhibited the root growth at concentrations >0.1 mmol L?1 and the inhibition increased with increasing d ‐allose concentrations. Allitol (a reduction product of d ‐allose) did not show any significant effect on the growth. The addition of d ‐glucose into the growth medium of Arabidopsis reversed the d ‐allose‐induced growth inhibition, which suggests that the inhibition is not caused by the toxicity of the accumulation of d ‐allose and/or its metabolites in the seedlings. d ‐Allose is phosphorylated by hexokinase, using ATP and phosphate, to allose‐6‐phosphate, with no known capacity for further metabolism. The addition of phosphate into the growth medium did not affect the d ‐allose‐induced growth inhibition and d ‐allose did not reduce the ATP level in the roots. These results suggest that the inhibition is not due to phosphate starvation and ATP depletion. d ‐Mannoheptulose, a specific competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, defeated the d ‐allose‐induced growth inhibition. Hexokinase is known to have a sugar‐sensing function and possibly triggers a signal cascade, resulting in the change of several gene expressions. Therefore, the phosphorylation of d ‐allose by hexokinase might trigger a signal cascade, resulting in the inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth. This is probably a useful model system for studies of the hexokinase‐mediated sugar‐sensing function and for developing new types of weed‐control agents. 相似文献
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65.
Takayuki YAMAMOTO Masatoshi KATO Kiwamu ENDO Satoshi KOTOURA Zenya TAKEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1605-1609
A sensitive and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two
monoclonal antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide with an amino-acid sequence
related to the C-terminus of bovine myoglobin and the whole molecule of sodium dodecyl
sulphate (SDS)-denatured bovine myoglobin was adapted for detecting bovine myoglobin in
contaminated feeds. The ELISA employed bovine meat extract of a known myoglobin
concentration as a calibration standard and had an limit of detection (LOD) of 3.54
ng/ml and an limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.0
ng/ml corresponding to 0.022% and 0.067% (wt/wt)
bovine meat-and-bone-meal (MBM) mixed in 20-fold-diluted feed extracts, respectively. A
cut-off threshold of 20.6 ng/ml bovine myoglobin was set
to simplify ELISA and facilitate quick assessment of test results without a tedious
calibration process. The ELISA was able to detect bovine MBM in artificially prepared
model feeds, mixed botanical feeds, mixed botanical feeds with skimmed milk, fish meal,
pork meal and pork/chicken meal at 0.1% (wt/wt). It was also able to detect sheep MBM in
test feeds, but showed no reactivity to swine MBM, chicken MBM, skimmed milk or gelatine
of bovine origin. The advantages of this method are the quick and easy extraction protocol
of proteins from test feeds, using 100 mM sodium sulphide and 0.6% sodium dodecyl sulphate
in the extraction solution and the effective detection of bovine and sheep MBM at 0.1%
(wt/wt). 相似文献
66.
Yuko HARUTA-ONO Hiroshi UENO Noriko UEDA Ken KATO Toshimitsu YOSHIOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(2):178-183
We previously found that dietary sphingomyelin (SPM) concentrate from bovine milk improved epidermal function. In this study, we investigated the dosage of dietary SPM concentrate from bovine milk in relation to the improvement of epidermal function. Thirteen-week-old hairless male mice were separated into four experimental groups, each fed one of four types of experimental diet: the control group, the low SPM group, the medium SPM group and the high SPM group. The mice were each fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The stratum corneum hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured using a Corneometer and a Tewameter at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. After the feeding period, ceramides in the stratum corneum were analyzed. We found that the stratum corneum hydration in all the SPM groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas TEWL in all the SPM groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Ceramides increased significantly in mice fed the medium SPM diet and statistically tended to increase in mice fed the high SPM diet. Our results indicate that a daily intake of 17 mg SPM concentrate is enough to improve epidermal function in hairless mice. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to study the transport process of nitrogen （N） assimilation from tea roots by monitoring the dynamic composition of N compounds in xylem sap after 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4 were fed to the root of tea plants （Camellia sinensis L.）. Results showed that the main amino acids were glutamine, theanine, axginine, asparic acid and glutamic acid, which accounted for 49%, 17%, 8%, 7%, and 4%, respectively, of the total amino acids in the xylem sap. After the tea plants were fed with 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4 for 48 h, the amount of total amino acids in xylem sap significantly increased and those fed with 15^N-NH4 had higher increment than those with 15^N-NOa. Two hours after 15^N- NO3 and 15^N-NH4 were fed, 15N abundance in glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were detected and increased quickly over time. This indicated that it took less than 2 h for NO3-N and NH4-N to be absorbed by tea roots, incorporated into the above amino acids and transported to the xylem sap. Rapid increase in 15^N-NO3 in the xylem sap of tea plants fed with 15^N-NO3 indicated that nitrate could be directly transported to the xylem sap. Glutamine, theanine, and alanine were the main amino acids transported in xylem sap of tea plants fed with both 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4. 相似文献
69.
Masaki KATO Daiki KAWASHIMA Yui ITO Osamu YAMAMOTO Hiromi NAKAJIMA Takuya OIZUMI Kaori SHIMIZU Yasuo INOSHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):304
Nasal papules and oral ulcers were observed in calves that were group-housed at a dairy farm. The calves were diagnosed with bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) due to parapoxvirus (PPV) infection based on virologic examinations using polymerase chain reaction to detect PPV. To prevent the spread of BPS, we isolated the affected calves, made procedural changes so that the affected herd was managed after the healthy herd, disinfected the bedding with slaked lime, disinfected the stalls and fences with invert soap, and changed the animals’ feed to soft grass which does not damage the oral cavity. As a result, we succeeded in control the infection quickly. 相似文献
70.
Yamato SAJIKI Satoru KONNAI Reiko NAGATA Satoko KAWAJI Hayato NAKAMURA Sotaro FUJISAWA Tomohiro OKAGAWA Naoya MAEKAWA Yukinari KATO Yasuhiko SUZUKI Shiro MURATA Yasuyuki MORI Kazuhiko OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):162
Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis of ruminants. Previous studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with the disease progression, and PD-L1 blockade activates MAP-specific Th1 responses in vitro. Here, we performed anti-PD-L1 antibody administration using 2 MAP-infected cattle at the late subclinical stage of infection. After administration, bacterial shedding was reduced or maintained at a low level. Additionally, MAP-specific Th1 cytokine production was upregulated, and CD69 expression was increased in T cells. Collectively, the treatment has a potential as a novel control method against Johne’s disease. 相似文献