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21.
In April-October 1990-95 soil sciarids emerging in two Danish barley fields were recorded by means of emergence traps. In 1990-92 the fields were conventionally tilled, in the autumn of 1992 one of the fields was abandoned as annual set-aside (1993) and in 1994-95 most of the field was recropped. In the cropped and uncropped fields 480-527 ind. m−2 and 369-433 ind. m−2 emerged, respectively. Ten sciarid species were recorded, eight of which are well-known farmland inhabitants. Apparently, abandonment affected Scatopsciara atomaria negatively, whereas Corynoptera perpusilla was encouraged. The predominant species were probably bivoltine or trivoltine. In Lycoriella castanescens, Scatopsciara atomaria, Corynoptera perpusilla and Bradysia trivittata the female proportion increased significantly during the season. It is assumed that the primary sex ratio of the species is spanandrous. The seasonal change in sex ratio might arise from the unusual modes of reproduction demonstrated in Sciaridae. In Lycoriella castanescens, Bradysia trivittata and Corynoptera perpusilla a significant seasonal increase in wing length was recorded, whereas the wing length of Scatopsciara atomaria and Bradysia rufescens decreased significantly during the season. This suggests a seasonality in the production of large, potentially migrant females. In arable fields sciarid life history traits such as sex ratio, adult biometry and fecundity might be facultative. 相似文献
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Clark TP Chieffo C Huhn JC Nimz EL Wang C Boy MG 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2003,26(3):187-192
Eighteen male Beagle dogs were randomized to oral (p.o.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) carprofen administration in a two-sequence, two-period crossover design with a 10-day washout between periods. Twenty-five milligrams of carprofen was administered p.o. or s.c. every 12 h for 7 days. Plasma concentrations of carprofen collected after the first and last treatments were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Carprofen concentration data were natural log transformed and geometric means were calculated for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0--12) following the first dose and Cmax and AUC0--12 following administration of the last dose. Formulations were considered bioequivalent if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the mean difference for each variable between formulations were within -20% and 25% of the oral formulation. The mean Cmax and AUC0--12 were 16.9 microg/mL and 73.1 microg. h/mL, respectively, following a single oral dose and 8.0 microg/mL and 64.3 microg x h/mL, respectively, following a single s.c. injection. The 90% CI for Cmax (-56.8 to -48.7%) was outside of the bioequivalence criteria whereas the 90% CI for AUC0--12 (-16.3 to -7.5%) was within the bioequivalence criteria. At steady-state, the mean Cmax and AUC0--12 were 18.7 microg/mL and 101.9 microg x h/mL, respectively, following p.o. administration and 14.7 microg/mL and 111.0 microg x h/mL, respectively, following s.c. injection. The 90% CI was outside the bioequivalence criteria for Cmax (-30.8 to -10.8) but within the bioequivalence criteria for AUC0--12 (2.3-15.9%). The results of this study indicate that peak plasma concentrations of carprofen differ when administered p.o. and s.c., but that total drug exposure following a single dose and at steady-state are bioequivalent. 相似文献
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Wolfgang Wilcke Sven Günter Fabian Alt Christiane Geißler Jens Boy Jana Knuth Yvonne Oelmann Michael Weber Carlos Valarezo Reinhard Mosandl 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Management of natural forests might be one option to reduce the high deforestation rate in Ecuador. We therefore evaluated the response of water and nutrient cycles in a natural tropical montane forest to improvement fellings with the aim of favoring economically valuable target trees which will later be harvested with additional ecosystem impacts not considered here. 相似文献
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为探究外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下小麦产量形成特性的影响,以扬麦18为试验材料,于2018-2020年进行盆栽试验,分别在小麦抽穗期(SAHG)、开花期(SAAG)、花后5 d(SA5G)以及花后10 d(SA10G)对其喷施水杨酸(SA),在灌浆期(花后15～19 d)采用被动式模拟增温方法对其进行高温胁迫,分析不同处理对小麦产量及其相关指标的影响。结果表明,与常温对照(NN)相比,灌浆期高温胁迫(NG)显著降低了小麦的产量和千粒重,不同时期喷施SA显著降低了高温胁迫下产量和千粒重的下降幅度,不同处理缓解效果表现为SAAG>SA5G>SA10G>SAHG。外源SA处理缓解了高温胁迫对小麦不同穗位强、弱势粒粒重的损害,对上部小穗及弱势粒粒重的影响较为显著,从而缓解了高温胁迫下小麦产量的降低。喷施SA显著降低了灌浆期高温胁迫下籽粒蔗糖含量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性的降低幅度,提高了籽粒中吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)的含量。推测喷施SA通过调控小麦籽粒内源激素水平提高籽粒糖类物质含量,进而缓解高温胁迫对产量影响。 相似文献
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Relationship between grain yield and grain nitrogen concentration in winter triticale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Ten hexaploid winter triticale lines were grown for two cropping periods at three locations in western Switzerland. Averaged across the six environments, the differences between lines were statistically significant (P=0.05) for grain yield, above-ground biomass, N uptake, grain N yield, nitrogen harvest index, grain N concentration and straw N concentration. There were significant line x environment interactions for all traits. Grain yield and grain N concentration were inversely related (r=–0.74**). Diagrams in which grain yields were plotted against grain N concentration were used to identify lines with a consistently unusual combination of grain yield and grain N concentration. Despite comparable grain yields, Line 3 had a high grain N concentration, while that of Line 7 was low. Line 3 was superior to Line 7 in both N uptake and N harvest index. Averaged across environments and lines, the N harvest index was 0.73 which corresponds to N harvest indices reported for bread wheat in the same region. We considered the feasibility of developing triticale lines which would outperform the best recent ones in N uptake and partitioning. However, we doubted that this would bring about a marked increase in grain N concentration, because, in the long run, the expected genetic progress in grain yield will lead to a dilution of grain protein by grain carbohydrate increments.Abbreviations GNC
grain N concentration
- GNY
grain N yield
- GY
grain yield
- HI
above-ground dry matter harvest index
- NHI
nitrogen harvest index
- SNC
straw N concentration
- TB
total above-ground biomass
- TPN
total plant N 相似文献
26.
V B Reef M G Boy C F Reid A Elser 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(12):2112-2118
The results of radiography and ultrasonography were compared on 56 horses and cows with lower respiratory tract disease. Ultrasonography was more sensitive than radiography for the detection of small pleural effusions and consolidations in large animals. The side of the thorax affected and the character of the pleural fluid and lung in large animals with pleural effusion can be evaluated ultrasonographically. The periphery of the lung must be affected to characterize pulmonary lesions ultrasonographically. Radiography is the best technique to characterize lesions deep within the lung when the periphery of the lung is normal. 相似文献
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Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Anjou 256) seedlings were grown hydroponically for 10 d in a split‐root system (3mM N; pH 5.5) under either a homogeneous supply (HS) or a simultaneous, but spatially separated supply (SS) of NH4 + andNO3 ‐. Treatments comprised three NH4 +:NO3 ‐ ratios (1:4, 1:1, 4:1). Shoot dry matter and various root traits (dry matter, number of laterals, length of main axes, total root length and total root surface area) were determined. For all NH4 +:NO3 ‐ ratios, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total root length, and root surface area, were greater under HS than under SS. Under both SS and HS, increasing NH4 +:NO3 ‐ ratios resulted in decreased shoot and root dry matter production, but did not alter the shoot:root dry matter ratio. Under SS, root dry matter, root length, and root surface area was greater on the NO3 ‐‐fertilized side than on the NH4 + ‐fertilized side. The allocation of root dry matter, root length, and root surface area to the NH4 + or NO3 ‐ compartments was unaffected by changes in the NH4 +:NO3 ‐ ratio. Enhanced NH4 + nutrition has detrimental effects on top growth, but roots are apparently unable to avoid excessive NH4 + uptake by proliferating in zones where NO3 ‐ is the only form of N. 相似文献
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In relation to the need for rapid assessment of the conservation valeu of wetlands and open waters around the Mediterranean, a rapid and simple survey technique covering a broad range of taxa is described. This method was employed in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco and the possibility of using the data to construct a classification of North African standing waters investigated. It was divided into four data sets—physical, macrophytes, invertebrates and winter counts of waterfowl—and cluster analyses were carried out on these. An analysis of the levels of relationship between all sites, obtained from the different cluster analyses, was then carried out to combine the results and to construct natural classes. The existence of these classes was confirmed by ordination analyses. 相似文献