Effect of the Type and Number of Prostaglandin Treatments on Corpus Luteum, the Largest Follicle and Progesterone Concentration in Dairy Cows     

A Répási  JF Beckers  J Sulon  A Karen  J Reiczigel  O Szenci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(5):436-442

Lactating dairy cows (n = 72) with a mature corpus luteum (CL) (diameter of > or = 17 mm) determined by ultrasonography and having a follicle with a diameter of > or = 10 mm were randomly assigned to four groups. Cows were treated with cloprostenol i.m. once or twice, or with dinoprost i.m. once or twice with an 8-h interval. The ovaries of each cow were scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to measure the changes in the areas of CL and the largest follicle and to determine the occurrence of ovulation. Oestrus was verified twice daily. In addition, blood sample was withdrawn from each cow daily for measuring progesterone (P4) concentrations. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to areas of CL and P4 concentrations or increases in the percentage changes in the area of the largest follicle on day 0 were detected in each group during the experiment. However, the type of the drug and the number of the treatments had no significant effect on those parameters. Cows ovulated with or without showing oestrus (group A) and cows exhibiting no oestrus and ovulation (group B) were also evaluated. In contrast to the mean area of the CL and the mean concentration of P4 on day 0, the mean area of the largest follicles between the two groups on day 0 differed significantly. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the CL and P4 concentration or increases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the largest follicle during the experiment were detected in both groups; however, there were no group differences. Treatment of dairy cows with two injections of prostaglandins (cloprostenol or dinoprost) at an 8-h interval resulted in more cows being observed in oestrus within 5 days after treatment and having significantly higher pregnancy rate than those treated with a single prostaglandin injection.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE ^99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES     

Mauricio Solano  Jeremy Welcome  Karen Johnson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(5):437-442

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.  相似文献   

Dendritic cells in cattle: phenotype and function     

Howard CJ  Brooke GP  Werling D  Sopp P  Hope JC  Parsons KR  Collins RA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,72(1-2):119-124

Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells derived from the bone marrow and distributed throughout body tissues where they are located in sites that are suitable for antigen uptake. They are central to the induction of immune responses in naive animals and thus have become targets in strategies that are aimed at modulating resistance to infection. Studies in cattle have shown that the dendritic cells are phenotypically heterogeneous and that the different phenotypes have different biological properties. The molecular basis for this variation has begun to be investigated and has led to the identification of a member of the SIRPalpha family of signal regulatory proteins (MyD1) on a subset of dendritic cells in afferent lymph. Uptake of antigen by cattle dendritic cells is by a number of mechanisms that can involve endocytosis via clathrin coated pits or via caveolae as well as macropinocytosis.  相似文献   

Poind Soil pH Measurement     

Taworn  Thunjai Claude E.  Boyd Karen  Dube 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(2):141-152

Soil pH often is measured in samples from the bottoms of aquaculture ponds. Several different techniques for soil pH are used. This study considered the differences in pH obtained by the different methods and determined which methods appeared most useful. Dual electrodes (indicating and reference) and a single‐probe combination electrode gave similar pH values when inserted into 1:1 mixtures of dry soil and distilled water. There were slight differences in pH between readings with dual and combination electrodes when the dual electrodes were arranged with the indicating electrode in the sediment phase and the reference electrode in the supernatant phase of the mixture. The two‐phase method with the dual electrode does not appear warranted because of greater difficulty in making measurements. Dry soil: distilled water ratios of 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:10 had progressively greater pH readings than obtained at a 1:1 ratio. Measurements made in 0.01 M CaCl₂ and 1.0 M KCl had much different values than those made in distilled water. Higher pH resulted when pH was measured without stirring or in filtrates of soil‐water mixtures. A 20‐min period of intermittent stirring before making measurements was necessary for a stable pH value. Particle size did not influence pH in aliquots passing 0.053 to 2.36‐mm sieves. Drying temperature had a strong influence on pH, and measurements made on samples dried at 40 to 60 C are probably most reliable. Measurements of in situ pH in wet soil with standard pH electrode or a portable acidity tester differed greatly from those made in 1:1 dry soil to distilled water mixtures. Pond bottom soil pH measurement should be standardized. Based on findings of this study, the following method is suggested: dry soil at 60 C in a forced‐draft oven; pulverize soil to pass a 2‐mm sieve; mix soil and distilled water in a 1:1 ratio (weight: volume); stir intermittently with glass rod for 30 min; insert dual electrodes or a combination electrode into the mixture; measure pH while stirring.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary change and rotavirus infection on small intestinal structure and function in gnotobiotic piglets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G A Hall  K R Parsons  G L Waxler  K J Bunch  R M Batt 《Research in veterinary science》1989,47(2):219-224

The combined effects of weaning and rotavirus infection on small intestinal structure and function and on growth rate were studied in 28 gnotobiotic piglets. There was little damage by rotavirus to the proximal small intestine, some damage to the mid small intestine and relatively severe damage to the distal small intestine; villi were stunted, crypts lengthened and activities of all brush border enzymes decreased. The damage was short-lived despite the synchronisation of rotavirus infection with simulated weaning. There was no evidence of persistent damage to the small intestine and growth rate was unaffected.  相似文献   

The President's address to the Association     

J H Parsons 《The Veterinary record》1970,87(13):367-370

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Short-term compatibility of furosemide with crystalloid solutions     

Adin DB  Hill RC  Scott KC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):724-726

Parenteral veterinary furosemide is a 50-mg/mL solution with a pH of 8.0-9.3. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a commonly used veterinary formulation of 50 mg/mL of furosemide solution could be diluted in vitro without precipitation. Furosemide 50 mg/mL was diluted to concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/mL with 5% dextrose in water (D5W), 0.9% saline, lactated Ringer solution (LRS), and sterile water. Acidic sterile water and basic sterile water solutions were made by the addition of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively, for use as controls to assess the effect of pH extremes for each concentration. After furosemide dilution, the final pH of each sample was measured, and samples were grossly and microscopically examined for clarity and crystal formation immediately and 1, 3, 5, and 8 hours after dilution. Gross precipitation and microscopic crystals were immediately observed in the acidic controls. Solutions of 5 mg/mL in LRS and 0.9% saline became slightly cloudy immediately, but no crystals were observed microscopically for 8 hours. Solutions of 10 mg/mL in D5W, 0.9% saline, LRS, and sterile water and solutions of 5 mg/mL in D5W and sterile water and the basic control were grossly clear, and no microscopic crystals were observed for 8 hours. On the basis of the results obtained in this in vitro investigation, this veterinary formulation of furosemide 50 mg/mL can be diluted without precipitation to a concentration of 10 mg/mL with D5W, 0.9% saline, LRS, or sterile water and to 5 mg/mL with D5W or sterile water and held for 8 hours.  相似文献   

Zoonotic skin diseases of dogs and cats     

Moriello KA 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2003,4(2):157-168

Although there are over 250 zoonotic diseases, only 30-40 of them involve dogs and cats. Transmission of zoonotic infections occurs via bites, scratches or touch; exposure to saliva, urine or feces; inhalation of particles or infectious aerosols; contact with a transport or intermediate host (e.g. ticks, fleas); or exposure to contaminated water, soil or vegetation. This paper summarizes the most important common zoonotic dermatological diseases of dogs and cats. The most common dermatological zoonoses are flea and tick infestations and the diseases they transmit; dermatophytosis; and mite infestations (Sarcoptes and Cheyletiella). Prevention of zoonotic infestations or infections can be accomplished easily by the use of routine flea and tick control, screening of new pets for dermatophytosis, and routine hand-washing.  相似文献   

Evaluation of urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs     

Balkman CE  Center SA  Randolph JF  Trainor D  Warner KL  Crawford MA  Adachi K  Erb HN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(10):1368-1375

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders. PROCEDURES: Blood and urine samples were collected from sick dogs and healthy dogs for serum biochemical analyses, and determination of concentrations of SBA and UBA. Urine samples were obtained from 15 healthy dogs to establish an upper cutoff value for UBA concentrations. The UBA were measured by use of a quantitative-linked enzymatic colorimetric method. Three analytical modifications were evaluated; 1 quantified only urine sulfated bile acids (USBA), 1 only urine nonsulfated bile acids (UNSBA), and 1 quantified both (USBA plus UNSBA). The UBA values were standardized with the urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio tests had the best diagnostic performance of the UBA tests; each had a substantially higher specificity, slightly higher positive predictive value, slightly lower negative predictive value, and lower sensitivity than the SBA test. These UBA-to-creatinine values were positively correlated with SBA values. The USBA-to-creatinine ratio had poor sensitivity, indicating a low rate of bile acid sulfation in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The UBA can be measured in dogs with sufficient repeatability and accuracy for clinical application. The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio identified dogs with hepatic disorders nearly as well as the SBA test.  相似文献   

Cellulitis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)     

Burns KE  Otalora R  Glisson JR  Hofacre CL 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):211-214

A case of cellulitis was observed in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared for commercial meat production. This condition in Japanese quail has not been reported in the literature. This incident was the first, and to date only, occurrence of cellulitis in this processing plant. The cellulitis lesions were localized to the subcutis overlying the breast and inner thigh. Carcasses of processed birds and live birds from the affected farm were presented to the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia. Escherichia coli was cultured from the lesion. The affected live birds displayed lameness and had osteomyelitis. Pasteurella multocida serotype 3,4 was cultured from the liver and bone marrow of affected birds. Approximately 4.61% of the processed carcasses from the flock were condemned because of cellulitis. This represented a 10fold increase from the typical condemnation rate. Further investigation revealed birds were placed in higher than normal density; therefore, we theorize that the concurrent pasteurellosis and increased placement density resulted in the cellulitis condition.  相似文献