Disturbance from roads negatively affects Andean condor habitat use     

Karina L. Speziale  Sergio A. Lambertucci 《Biological conservation》2008,141(7):1765-1772

Human disturbance can be a severe problem for some animal species. Behavioural ecology theory predicts that sensitivity to mortality risks, and thereby to disturbance, will be related to life-history characteristics. Long-lived species with low reproductive rates are expected to have a high cost of predation and therefore avoid risks strongly. In this paper we quantify the effect of roads on the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) using behavioural indicators. We used a pair wise design, offering condors standardized food patches near and far from roads simultaneously. The patches consisted of dead adult sheep. We recorded condors’ behaviour when visiting each patch. This study establishes the versatility of behavioural indicators and their usefulness to study conservation problems. We found that, although near and far patches were discovered after similar times and there were similar numbers of condors in the vicinity of near and far patches, the use of patches differed strongly. In the patches far from roads many more condors came to feed, the average time spent per individual was longer, the proportion of time spent vigilant was lower, and the amount of food left uneaten on the carcasses was lower. These results strongly suggest that Andean condors clearly avoid roads, and behave in a way predicted from theory if they trade off safety for energy. This study shows that roads have stronger influence on the habitat use of Andean condors, than previously thought, and may be a significant problem for the species in populated areas.  相似文献   

Radioprotective-antimutagenic effects of rosemary phenolics against chromosomal damage induced in human lymphocytes by gamma-rays     

Del Baño MJ  Castillo J  Benavente-García O  Lorente J  Martín-Gil R  Acevedo C  Alcaraz M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2064-2068

The radioprotective effects of carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (COL), and rosmarinic acid (RO) against chromosomal damage induced by gamma-rays, compared with those of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and the S-containing compound dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were determined by use of the micronucleus test for antimutagenic activity, evaluating the reduction in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked cells of human lymphocytes before and after gamma-ray irradiation. With treatment before gamma-irradiation, the most effective compounds were, in order, CA > RO > or = COL > AA > DMSO. The radioprotective effects (antimutagenic) with treatment after gamma-irradiation were lower, and the most effective compounds were CA and COL. RO and AA presented small radioprotective activity, and the sulfur-containing compound DMSO lacked gamma-ray radioprotection capacity. Therefore, CA and COL are the only compounds that showed a significant antimutagenic activity both before and after gamma-irradiation treatments. These results are closely related to those reported by other authors on the antioxidant activity of the same compounds, and the degree of effectiveness depends on their structure. Furthermore, the results for treatments before and after gamma-ray irradiation suggest the existence of different radioprotective mechanisms in each case.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary cholesterol on hepatopancreas associated with morphotypic differentiation in male Amazon River Prawns,Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)     

Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz  Karina Ribeiro  Carlos Alberto Vicentini  Irene Bastos Franceschini Vicentini  Luciene Patrici Papa 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):862-870

Cholesterol is a necessary element in the diet of prawns and it is involved in the metabolic processes of sexual maturation and synthesis of the molting hormone. Freshwater prawns are not able to synthesise cholesterol from specialised metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to describe changes in structural and morphometric patterns of hepatopancreas associated with morphotypic differentiation of males Macrobrachium amazonicum when fed with different levels of cholesterol. Considering the four morphotypes of this species, Translucent Claw morphotype specimens were split into experimental units and divided into four groups, fed with different levels of cholesterol (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) for 50 days. They were collected as they reached Green Claw (GC) morphotype, weighed to determine the hepatosomatic index, and the hepatopancreas was processed in histological routine for morphologic and morphometric analysis. In this study, it was possible to observe that the 2% cholesterol treatment exhibited more animals that reached the GC morphotype, and there was no significant weight gain in all treatments. Histologically, B‐cell abundance and hypervacuolized as well as F‐ and R‐cells shortages were observed as the percentage of cholesterol increased. This alteration in cellular profile correlates with the morphometric analyses that exhibited an increase in epithelial area and alterations in the lumen shape. This imbalance observed in the lumen‐epithelium relationship may be associated with a low digestive performance and possibly congested the functions of hepatopancreas. Thus, high doses of cholesterol promoted morphotypic differentiation without weight gain, due to alterations on hepatopancreas.  相似文献   

Multilocus DNA polymorphism of some rubber-bearing dandelions (Taraxacum spp.) of Russia and Kazakhstan     

Gabit  Bari  Karina  Gainullina  Gulnar  Gumerova  Kairat  Uteulin  Yaroslav  Golovanov  Aleksey  Chemeris  Bulat  Kuluev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):335-348

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Successful domestication and introduction into culture of new forms of rubber-bearing dandelions require not only determination of the content and quality of...  相似文献