The Study of Solid/Liquid Interfaces with X-ray Standing Waves     

Abruña HD  Bommarito GM  Acevedo D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4977):69-74

The principles and applications of the x-ray standing wave technique are described. Emphasis is placed on its utility for the study of structure, composition, and distribution of interfacial species especially at solid/liquid interfaces.  相似文献   

Determination of water-soluble and total extractable polyphenolics in biomass, necromass and decomposing plant material using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)     

Marie-Madeleine Coûteaux  Lina Sarmiento  Dimas Acevedo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(4):795-799

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the water-soluble and total extractable polyphenolics of plant material. Different life forms (forbs, grasses, shrubs, giant rosettes), organs (leaves, stems, roots) and decomposition stages (biomass, necromass and decomposing plant material) were studied. Prediction was good, with a R² in validation ranging from 0.91 to 0.93 and in prediction from 0.88 to 0.94. Various standard error ratios were used to assess the quality of the models, which are generally very good, being the model for predicting the water-soluble polyphenolics in the decomposing plant material the slightly less good. Because it is a cheap and rapid method, it would allow to perform a large screening for studies concerning (i) polyphenolics control on decomposition process and (ii) phenolics implication in herbivory.  相似文献   

Does resource‐mediated stress affect colony personality in leaf‐cutting ants?     

Lailla C Gandra  Karina D Amaral  Joel C Couceiro  Raul NC Guedes  Terezinha MC Della Lucia 《Pest management science》2021,77(1):96-103

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Efficacy of phage therapy in pigs: systematic review and meta-analysis     

Karina Desiree  Sabrina Mosimann  Paul Ebner 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

Limits on the use and efficacy of various antibiotics coupled with negative consumer perception of the practice have together spurred substantial research into compounds that could reduce the use antibiotics to control bacterial diseases in pigs. Bacteriophages are often among such potential compounds, and various groups have examined the efficacy of bacteriophages or bacteriophage products in limiting transmission or colonization of targeted bacteria. The study presented here provides a systematic review of such studies followed by a meta-analysis of aggregated data produced by each study. The data set was limited to inputs (n = 19; 576 total observations) from studies where: 1) live pigs were inoculated with a known quantity of challenge bacteria; 2) challenged animals were treated with a known quantity of phages; 3) concentrations of the challenge bacteria were measured in different tissues/fluids following phage treatment; and 4) SD (or SE to allow calculation of SD) was reported. Concentrations of challenge bacteria were significantly lower in phage-treated pigs versus challenged but untreated pigs (P < 0.0001; effect size = −1.06 1log₁₀ colony-forming units [CFU]/g). The effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in samples collected 48 to 96 h following phage treatment versus those collected ≤ 24 h following phage treatment. Likewise, effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater in piglets versus market-weight pigs. Across observations, phage treatment effect sizes were greatest (P < 0.01) in fecal samples versus ileal or cecal samples. Taken together, these data indicate that phage treatment can significantly reduce the concentrations of targeted bacteria in pigs; scenarios exist, however, where phage treatment could predictably be more or less effective.  相似文献   

Flea market finds and global exports: Four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to small turtles,United States—2015          下载免费PDF全文

K. Gambino‐Shirley  L. Stevenson  J. Concepción‐Acevedo  E. Trees  D. Wagner  L. Whitlock  J. Roberts  N. Garrett  S. Van Duyne  G. McAllister  B. Schick  L. Schlater  V. Peralta  R. Reporter  L. Li  H. Waechter  T. Gomez  J. Fernández Ordenes  S. Ulloa  C. Ragimbeau  J. Mossong  M. Nichols 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(5):560-568

Zoonotic transmission of Salmonella infections causes an estimated 11% of salmonellosis annually in the United States. This report describes the epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of four multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections linked to small turtles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strains were isolated from a total of 143 ill people in the United States, pet turtles, and pond water samples collected from turtle farm A, as well as ill people from Chile and Luxembourg. Almost half (45%) of infections occurred in children aged <5 years, underscoring the importance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation to keep pet turtles and other reptiles out of homes and childcare settings with young children. Although only 43% of the ill people who reported turtle exposure provided purchase information, most small turtles were purchased from flea markets or street vendors, which made it difficult to locate the vendor, trace the turtles to a farm of origin, provide education and enforce the United States federal ban on the sale and distribution of small turtles. These outbreaks highlight the importance of improving public awareness and education about the risk of Salmonella from small turtles not only in the United States but also worldwide.  相似文献   

Tramadol plus metamizole combined or not with anti‐inflammatory drugs is clinically effective for moderate to severe chronic pain treatment in cancer patients     

Patrícia B Flôr  Karina VB Yazbek  Keila K Ida  Denise T Fantoni 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(3):316-327

ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness and safety of tramadol plus metamizole combined or not with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for treating moderate to severe chronic neoplastic pain in dogs, and its impact on quality of life (QL).Study designProspective, uncontrolled, open-label, clinical study.AnimalsSixty nine client-owned dogs with multiple forms of cancer and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score ≥40 after receiving NSAIDs for at least 7 days.MethodsThe MN group received metamizole + NSAID, MNT group received metamizole + NSAID + tramadol and MT group received metamizole + tramadol. Pain was scored by the 0 to 100 mm VAS (0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) and analgesic therapy was considered effective if 25 mm differences in VAS scores were observed between day 0 and the follow ups. The QL was evaluated according to a 0 to 36 scoring method for dogs (0 = worst, 36 = best) and side effects were recorded. Data were registered at day 0 (baseline) and at the first and second follow ups (7 and 14 days after day 0, respectively).ResultsThe MN group had less analgesia at day 7 (25%) and day 14 (42%) than MNT (59%, p = 0.0274; 76%, p = 0.0251, respectively) and MT groups (69%, p = 0.0151; 81%, p = 0.0341, respectively). The QL scores were lower in the MN group at the first (score 23) and second follow up (score 26) than in MNT (27, p = 0.0847; 30, p = 0.0002) and MT (28, p = 0.0384; 31, p = 0.0001) groups. Side effects were more commonly observed in the MN group (87%) than in MNT (24%, p < 0.0001) and MT groups (25%, p = 0.0003) at the first follow up.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTramadol plus metamizole combined or not with NSAID were well tolerated and clinically effective to treat moderate to severe pain in dogs with cancer and improved QL.  相似文献   

Effects of tramadol alone,in combination with meloxicam or dipyrone,on postoperative pain and the analgesic requirement in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy with or without ovariohysterectomy     

Renata CR Teixeira  Eduardo R Monteiro  Daniela Campagnol  Karina Coelho  Thais F Bressan  Betânia S Monteiro 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(6):641-649

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of tramadol alone, or in combination with dipyrone or meloxicam, on postoperative pain and analgesia requirement after unilateral mastectomy with or without ovariohysterectomy in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, clinical study.AnimalsTwenty seven bitches undergoing unilateral mastectomy with or without ovariohysterectomy.MethodsAnesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of morphine. Before the end of surgery, dogs were randomly assigned to receive intravenous tramadol alone (3 mg kg^?1, group T), combined with dipyrone (30 mg kg^?1, group TD) or meloxicam (0.2 mg kg^?1, group TM). Dogs received additional doses of tramadol (groups T and TM) or tramadol with dipyrone (group TD) at 8 and 16 hours after extubation. Postoperative pain was assessed by a blinded observer before anesthesia (baseline) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours after extubation using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a modified Glasgow scale. Rescue analgesia (morphine, 0.5 mg kg^?1) was administered if the Glasgow pain score was >3.5.ResultsThere were no significant differences among groups in pain scores evaluated by the VAS or the Glasgow scale. In groups T, TD and TM, pain scores were significantly higher than at baseline for 6, 8 and 2 hours, respectively. Rescue analgesia was administered to 3/9, 2/9 and 1/9 dogs in groups T, TD and TM, respectively (p > 0.05) [Correction added on 15 August 2013, after first online publication: ‘T, TM and TD’ was changed to ‘T, TD and TM’.].Conclusions and clinical relevanceUnder the conditions of this study, tramadol alone or in combination with dypyrone or meloxicam provided effective analgesia for 24 hours in most dogs after unilateral mastectomy with or without ovariohysterectomy. Further evaluation of combination therapies is needed in larger groups of dogs.  相似文献   

Characterization of Lay Phase in Three Genetic Types of Heavy Broilers Breeder in Tropical Conditions     

Jose Angel Miguel  Edilberto Acevedo  Jesus Ciria  Begona Asenjo 《农业科学与技术》2013,(10):766-774

The objective of the present work is characterizing some parameters in the lay phase in the lines of heavy broilers breeder Cobb Avian 48, Arbor Acres Plus and Ross 208, reared under the same commercial conditions in the tropics. Monitored three batches of approximately 18,000 females each （one for each genetic type）, from weeks 24 to 64, according to the conditions of handling and power described by the generic lines distribution companies. Although no differences were found for feed intake, Cobb Avian was presented a lower rate of feed conversion, being also that presented the highest percentage of implementation and production of incubables eggs, which meant that it was in line with the highest cumulative production of chickens by bird and week for tropical conditions studied. To adjust the lay data to a Gorssman model, in order to predict the parameters that characterize the lay modeling, estimated the best behavior for Cobb Avian 48 females, because while it takes more time to reach the level of putting constant （5.30 weeks） and maintain it for less time （2.4 weeks）, they manage to put constant high （79.11%） level, considering that the largest number of eggs per bird （171.19 vs. 164.54 and 160.11 in Arbor Acres and Ross 208, respectively）.  相似文献   

Natural Biofilms in Freshwater Ecosystem: Indicators of the Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons     

Sandro Froehner  Karina Scurupa Machado  Luiz Fernando Dombroski  Anderson Correa Nunes  Regina Tiemy Kishi  Tobias Bleninger  Juan Sanez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):3965-3973

Hydrophobic organic compounds are common in the environment, especially in water bodies like rivers and lakes. Generally, due to their physico-chemical characteristics, mainly to hydrophobicity, these compounds are adsorbed by suspended material or other compartments which provide compatibility. Thus, compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are rapidly adsorbed onto suspended material or even naturally occurring biofilms in water bodies. Biofilms can be defined as complex structures with cells and aggregates of cells. The extracellular polymers present empty spaces that can be filled by water. The biofilm is a sessile microbial community with several kinds of organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, and extracellular polymeric substances, which may be found on almost any surface exposed to water. Here, biofilms were used to monitor the presence of PAHs in the Barigui River in Curitiba, Brazil. For the measurements and collection of representative microcoenoses, a biofilm sampling device was designed consisting of six glass plates installed in an open polyvinyl chloride pipe of 30?cm diameter and 60?cm length. The sampling device was exposed in the Barigui River for 2?weeks campaigns. The formed biofilm was treated and chemical analysis was performed for PAHs determination. The results showed that biofilms can trap most of the PAHs, especially those with high K _ow values (octanol?Cwater partition coefficient). Four campaigns were conducted. The total PAHs concentration ranged from 11,204.34?±?560.12 to 45,846.90?±?2,290.45?ng/g. According to the isomers ratio, the main source of PAHs in the first and second campaign was of pyrolytic origin, in other words, the PAHs were by-products from burning of light-refined oil products (gasoline and diesel oil). Meanwhile, the other campaigns revealed that the main source is of petrogenic origin. However, the possibility of both sources is not discarded considering the scenario studied and the records of sediments samples. Most of the investigations carried out focused on the loading of river sediments and suspended solids, but the biofilms might detect the amount that could be taken up by benthic organisms, for instance.  相似文献   

An extender solution for the short‐term storage of Litopenaeus vannamei sperm to be used in artificial insemination     

Karina Morales‐Ueno  Hugo H Montaldo  Alfonso Martínez Ortega  Carmen G Paniagua‐Chávez  Héctor Castillo‐Juárez 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(8):1254-1258

Some shrimp hatcheries use artificial insemination (AI) to improve the male to female ratio in their breeding populations. We describe a sperm extender solution, which allows the short‐term storage of diluted sperm in Litopenaeus vannamei, and its use in an artificial insemination process. We also evaluate its fertilization capacity. An AI experiment was designed using two, one, or half spermatophore segments. We tested four treatments involving three different male:female ratios: Natural mating (1:1), Regular and Regular diluted (1:2) and Half diluted (1:4). Data analysis revealed that the number of nauplii produced per mating was affected by treatment, with Regular (158 420) performing better than Half diluted (112 864) (P < 0.05), but with no differences between the latter and Regular diluted (130 340) (P > 0.05). A binomial variable named female success (FS) was defined as successful when the number of nauplii obtained per mate was ≥25 000. Analysis showed differences for FS across treatments (P < 0.001), but not between Regular (79.2%), the hatchery conventional AI technique and Half diluted (60.4%), maybe due to sample size. Since the number of nauplii per mate is crucial to consider AI successful, it is necessary to improve this AI technique before it can be used in the shrimp industry.  相似文献