Savadkouh (Iran) – an Evolutionary Centre for Fruit Trees and Shrubs     

Korous Khoshbakht  Karl Hammer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):641-651

Fieldwork was carried out in the north of Iran in April/May 2004. Four zones according to altitude including 20 villages and especially surrounding forests were visited. Data on uses and ethnobotany was collected through interviews that were one-on-one with respondents carefully selected to represent both male and female. Additionally a general survey of the area including other places of Savadkouh has been performed. The fruit trees and shrubs include Berberis sp., Crataegus sp., Cydonia oblonga, Diospyros lotus, Ficus carica, Malus orientalis, Mespilus germanica, Prunus cerasifera ssp. macrocarpa, Prunus spinosa, Punica granatum, and Rubus sp. Most of these are gathered from the wild, or occasionally cultivated in homegardens. The results of this study show that all of these species are used as sources of local foods and medicines. The area should be considered as an important evolutionary centre for fruit trees and shrubs and should be taken into serious consideration for discussions about fruit tree and shrub evolution. Germplasm collection activities, in situ conservation programs and interdisciplinary analysis of socioeconomic aspects of rural communications will be necessary in future studies.  相似文献   

Collection of land-races of cultivated plants in South Italy, 1985     

Karl Hammer  Salvatore Cifarelli  Pietro Perrino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1986,34(2):261-273

Summary In continuation of collecting missions in the last five years a further mission has been carried out in South Italy jointly by staff members of the Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, and the Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, in September/October 1985 for studying and collecting plant genetic resources. In this year the activities have been concentrated on Sicily. 225 samples, mainly of vegetables, grain legumes and some cereals have been collected. A good part of the material is represented by highly variable old land-races; this is especially true for oats, barley, maize, french beans, faba beans,Brassica spp. and many other vegetables. Whereas genetic erosion is rather advanced in cereals, especially in wheat, land-races of many species of vegetables are grown on a large scale. The results of this mission increase our knowledge concerning the flora of cultivated plants of South Italy considerably.

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Sammlung von Kulturpflanzen-Landsorten in Süditalien 1985

Zusammenfassung In Fortführung von Sammelreisen der letzten fünf Jahre wurde im September/Oktober 1985 eine weitere Reise nach Süditalien gemeinsam von Mitarbeitern des Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, und des Zentralinistituts für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, unternommen, die dem Studium und der Sammlung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen diente. In diesem Jahr konzentrierten sich die Aktivitäten auf Sizilien. 225 Proben, besonders von Gemüsen, Körnerleguminosen und einigen Getrieiden wurden gesammelt. Ein beachtlicher Teil des Materials besteht aus hochvariablen alten Landsorten, besonders von Hafer, Gerste, Mais, Gartenbohnen, Ackerbohnen,Brassica-Arten und vielen anderen Gemüsen. Während die Generosion bei den Getreiden und besonders beim Weizen schon weit fortgeschritten ist, werden Gemüselandsorten noch in großem Umfang angebaut. Die Ergebnisse dieser Sammelreise erweitern unsere Kenntnisse zur Kulturpflanzenflora Süditaliens beträchtlich.

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1985

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Taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants: Literature review 1978/1979     

Dr. Jürgen Schultze-Motel  Dr. Reinhard Fritsch  Dr. Karl Hammer  Dr. Peter Hanelt  Dr. Joachim Kruse  Dr. Helga I. Maass  Dr. Harald Ohle  Dr. Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1980,28(2):379-397

Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1978 and 1979 were put together and briefly discussed.

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Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1978/1979

Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1978 und 1979 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.

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: 1978 1979

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Photochemistry of bioactive compounds. Studies of a major photolytic product of endrin     

M J Zabik  R D Schuetz  W L Burton  B E Pape 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1971,19(2):308-313

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Report on a mission for the collection of plant genetic resources in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1988     

Karl Hammer  Won Dong-Chol  Han Un-Xoan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1989,37(2):391-399

Summary A further collecting mission was carried out in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1988 within the frame of the agreement between the Academies of Sciences of the D.P.R.K. and the German Democratic Republic. 90 samples of grain legumes, medicinal plants, vegetables, oil- and fibre- plants and cereals were collected. The material indicates a long tradition of Korean agri- and horticulture and is promising for research and breeding purposes.

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Bericht über eine Reise zur Sammlung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen in der Koreanischen Demokratischen Volksrepublik im Jahre 1988

Zusammenfassung Eine weitere Sammelreise in der Koreanischen Demokratischen Volksrepublik wurde im Jahre 1988 im Rahmen des Abkommens zwischen den Akademien der Wissenschaften der KDVR und der DDR durchgeführt. 99 Proben von Körnerleguminosen, Arzneipflanzen, Gemüsen, Öl- und Faserpflanzen sowie Getreiden wurden gesammelt. Das Material weist auf eine lange Tradition des koreanischen Acker- und Gartenbaus hin und ist als aussichtsreich für Forschungs- und Züchtungsaufgaben cinzuschätzen.

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Element Inputs and Canopy Interactions in two Pine Forest Ecosystems in Berlin,Germany     

Bernd Marschner  Karl Stahr  Manfred Renger 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1991,154(2):147-151

For 3 years (1986-89), element fluxes with bulk deposition and throughfall were determined in a 40 yr. old pine plantation and a 80-140 yr. old mixed pine/oak stand in the Grunewald forest in Berlin. Although SO₄-inputs are very high (60 kg S·ha^?1.a^?1) due to the urban character of the study site, acid inputs are moderate because of the buffering action of airborne alkaline dusts. This is reflected in the high Ca-inputs (12 kg·ha^?1a^?1 in bulk precipitation). Acid neutralisation was also observed in the canopies and could be attributed to 60-80% to increased Ca- and Mg-fluxes in throughfall, stemming from foliage leaching and dust interception. Heavy metal inputs were low in comparison to other Central European study sites, the decrease in Pb-inputs over the 3-year period could be attributed to the increased use of unleaded gasoline since 1987. Total inputs and canopy leaching showed clear seasonal patterns for some elements: SO₄-, H-, Ca- and Mg-fluxes were higher in winter, on the other hand, K- and Mn-enrichment in throughfall showed two peaks, in early summer and late fall.  相似文献   

Report on a travel to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1981 for the collection of indigenous taxa of cultivated plants     

Ali Al Alazzeh  Dr. Karl Hammer  Dr. Christian O. Lehmann  Pietro Perrino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1982,30(2):191-202

Zusammenfassung Die Sammelreise wurde im Juni 1981 innerhalb des Mediterranean Programme des IBPGR mit Teilnehmern aus der Sozialistischen Libyschen Arabischen Volksjamahiriya (Landwirtschaftliches Forschungszentrum Tarbulus), dem Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, und dem Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, durchgeführt. Zeitlicher Ablauf, Sammelliste und erste Ergebnisse dieser Reise zur Sammlung von Getreiden und ihrer wildwachsenden Verwandten in das Jabal Akhdar (Cyrenaika) Gebiet werden behandelt. 78 Saatgutproben, überwiegend von Hart- und Weichweizen sowie Gerste, wurden gesammelt. Im Sammelgebiet sind die variablen Landsorten meist durch neue Sorten verdrängt worden. Aber in den mehr oder weniger weit verbreiteten noch kultivierten Landsorten, oder sogar als Beimischung in neuen Sorten, konnten variable Bestandteile alter Landsorten gefunden werden, die für die Züchtung, besonders auf Stresstoleranz, nützlich sein können.

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Report on a travel to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1981 for the collection of indigenous taxa of cultivated plants

Summary The mission was carried out within the Mediterranean Programme of the IBPGR in June 1981, participants came from the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Agricultural Research Centre Tarbulus), the Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, and the Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben. Chronology, collecting list and first results of this mission to the Jabal Akhdar (Cirenaica) area for the collection of cereals and their wild relatives are presented. 78 seed samples have been collected, mainly of durum wheat, bread wheat and barley. In the collecting area variable land-races have been mostly replaced by new varieties. But in the more or less widespread few cultivated land-races and even as admixtures in new varieties variable constituents of older land-races could be found which are probably useful for breeding, especially for stress tolerance breeding.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.Stubbe aus Anlaß der 80. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages gewidmet.  相似文献   

Development of sustained land use by understanding soil and landscape formation in the desert fringe area of NW-Egypt     

Hauke Fehlberg  Karl Stahr 《CATENA》1985,12(4)

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Zur Genese von Schwarzerden auf der Sontheimer Hochterrasse in der Donauniederung bei Ulm     

Michael Thater  Karl Stahr 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1991,154(4):293-299

Pedogenesis of chernozems in the upper river terrace of the Danubian river near Ulm (South West Germany) The “chernozem-like” soils in the upper river terrace of the Danubian river near Ulm (FRG) were examinated. Field analyses as well as soil physical and chemical, clay mineralogical and pollen analyses were carried out. The parent material of the soils was identified as loess, on the basis of its texture, clay mineral composition, structure, carbonate content, the presence of loess molluscs, and the location on an upper river terrace with loess findings in the surrounding. Characteristic pedogenetic processes, such as deliming, silicate weathering, formation of oxides and hydroxides, neoformation of clay minerals and clay translocation prove a non-groundwater-influenced development of the soils within at least the last 8000 years. Therefore an accumulation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions during the peat formation in the lower river terrace nearby was not possible. According to this finding, it can be deducted that the humus accumulation may be due to influences of continental climate and forest steppe during the preboreal period, whereby the humus horizons were formed at deeper horizons through bioturbation. After the groundwater level was raised in boreal age, the steppe stage of the soils had ended and the fluctuating levels of groundwater, rich in carbonates, stabilized humic substances. Thus strong degradation of the soils to date was prevented. Therefore the soils under study could be classified as gleyic Chernozems or luvic Phaeozems.  相似文献   

Die GaterslebenerBrassica-Kollektion — eine Einführung     

Thomas Gladis  Karl Hammer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1990,38(3):121-156

Die Genbank Gatersleben unterhält mit 1459 Sippen aus 25 Arten eine bedeutendeBrassica-Kollektion. Diese lebende Sammlung bildet zusammen mit dem verfügbaren Herbarmaterial die Grundlage der vorliegenden Arbeit.Die heutige Umgrenzung der GattungBrassica geht aufSchulz (1919) zurück. Nach dem derzeitigen Kenntnisstand spiegelt die infragenerische Gliederung die tatsächliche Evolution der Gattung kaum real wieder. Der Einteilung in Sektionen bzw. Artengruppen wird daher nicht gefolgt.  相似文献