Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in retail raw chicken meat throughout Japan     

Kitai S  Shimizu A  Kawano J  Sato E  Nakano C  Kitagawa H  Fujio K  Matsumura K  Yasuda R  Inamoto T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):269-274

A total of 444 samples of raw chicken meat (thighs, breasts, wings, livers, gizzards, hearts and ovaries) that retailed at 145 different supermarkets in 47 prefectures in Japan were examined for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus in association with its enterotoxigenicity. S. aureus was isolated from 292 (65.8%) of the samples, and from 131 of the 145 supermarkets. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of S. aureus according to the type of meat examined. About 80% of 714 isolates belonged to the poultry (57.1%) and human biotypes (22.1%). Seventy-eight (21.7%) of 360 isolates were enterotoxigenic and isolated from 78 samples in 53 supermarkets in 31 prefectures. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced were SEB (50 isolates), SEA (14), SEC (8), SED (2), SEA+SEB (2), and SEA+SEC (2). Most of the enterotoxigenic isolates belonged to the human and poultry biotypes, coagulase type VII, VIII or IV, and were lysed by phages of group III. Identical SE types, biotypes, coagulase types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were shown in isolates from different types of meat at the same supermarket and from samples taken from different supermarkets in the same prefectures or in isolates from samples obtained from several different prefectures. Among the 50 SEB-producing isolates, 27 yielded three similar PFGE patterns that differed by only a few fragments, suggesting that they were closely related genetically. The three patterns were found in isolates of samples that retailed at 17 supermarkets in 11 prefectures, indicating that they may be disseminated among raw chicken meat in Japan.  相似文献   

Effects of maturation conditions on spindle morphology in porcine MII oocytes     

Ueno S  Kurome M  Ueda H  Tomii R  Hiruma K  Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(3):405-410

Incomplete cytoplasmic maturation of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes has been known to cause microtubule and microfilament alterations, which may result in abnormal pronuclear formation and failed embryonic development. We examined the influences of maturation conditions on meiotic spindle morphology at metaphase of meiosis II (MII) in porcine oocytes. Porcine oocytes were matured under various conditions, i.e., in vitro or in vivo, with different amounts of cumulus cells, with or without hormonal supplements, and with various exposure durations to the hormones, to examine the effects on spindle morphology in MII oocytes by immunofluorescence under confocal laser microscopy. Interpolar spindle length (microm) and spindle area (microm2) were compared among these maturation conditions. The spindle length was significantly shorter in IVM oocytes compared to those matured in vivo. Oocytes collected from cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), which were poor in cumulus cells, showed smaller spindle areas than those from cumulus-rich COCs. The spindle length and area were both significantly reduced in oocytes grown without hormonal supplements. When oocytes were grown with hormonal supplements for either 6 or 22 hours for the first half of culture, there was no difference in the spindle morphology between these oocytes. These results suggested that maturation conditions significantly influence morphogenesis of MII spindles in porcine oocytes. Oocytes matured in poor conditions were more likely to have a shorter spindle length (long axis) and smaller spindle areas.  相似文献   

Molecular detection and characterization of Haemobartonella felis in domestic cats in Japan employing sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction (SS-PCR)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Watanabe M  Hisasue M  Hashizaki K  Furuichi M  Ogata M  Hisamatsu S  Ogi E  Hasegawa M  Tsuchiya R  Yamada T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(10):1111-1114

A novel PCR assay was developed in order to examine the prevalence of Haemobartonella felis (H. felis) in Japanese domestic cats and which was able to differentiate of the Ohio strain and the California strain of H. felis. Blood samples from a total of 21 cats suspected of having haemobartonellosis were examined employing a novel PCR assay and demonstrated positive results in 18 cats which was confirmed by cytological examination of blood smears. Four out of 18 positive cats (22%) were infected with the California strain, whilst the other 12 cats (67%) were infected with the Ohio strain and two animals (11%) were infected with both strains. As most of the cats with moderate to severe anemia were infected with the Ohio strain, it is suggested that the most prevalent strain of H. felis in Japanese domestic cats might be the Ohio strain. In the present study, it was thought that molecular detection and characterization of H. felis may provide valuable information regarding the severity and prognosis of this illness.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding methods on eating frustration in stabled horses     

Shigeru NINOMIYA  Ryo KUSUNOSE  Shusuke SATO  Misao TERADA  Kazuo SUGAWARA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):465-469

Five feeding methods were tested in stabled horses: (i) cutting hay (hay was cut into 5 cm lengths), (ii) delaying feeding time (feeding was delayed until 1 h after the usual time), (iii) increasing the feeding frequency (hay was divided into two portions; one half was given at the normal time and the other 1 h later), (iv) increasing the feeding locations (hay was available at three locations), and (v) increasing the hay varieties (three species of hay were used). The behavioral durations in the 2 h after the experimental feedings were compared with those after usual feeding. In the cutting hay treatment, hay‐eating time decreased (P < 0.05), whereas bedding‐eating time and resting time tended to increase. In the delaying feeding time treatment, bedding investigation time increased (P < 0.01) and hay‐eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding frequency treatment, hay‐eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding locations treatment, bedding investigation time tended to decrease. In the increasing the hay varieties treatment, resting time tended to decrease and hay‐eating time tended to increase. It was suggested that the former two feeding methods might stimulate and the latter three feeding methods might suppress eating frustration in terms of increasing consummatory behavior (eating) and decreasing appetitive (investigating) and displacement behavior (resting).  相似文献   

Kinetics of endotoxin concentration and tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-1beta,and interleukin-6 activities in the systemic and portal circulation during small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nezu Y  Tagawa M  Sakaue Y  Hara Y  Tsuchida S  Ogawa R 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(12):1680-1686

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion induces bacterial translocation and proinflammatory cytokine response in either the systemic or portal circulation in dogs. ANIMALS: 17 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURE: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 0 (group-3 dogs), 30 (group-1 dogs), or 60 (group-2 dogs) minutes, followed by reperfusion for 180 minutes; serum lactate and endotoxin concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 activities in the systemic and portal circulation and intramucosal pH were measured at various time points. RESULTS: In group-2 dogs, TNFalpha activity was found to be significantly increased in the portal circulation, peaking at 60 minutes of reperfusion; TNF-alpha activity, in the systemic circulation, gradually increased from 60 minutes of reperfusion to the end of the experiment; however, the increase was not significant. In group-1 and -2 dogs, IL-6 activities significantly and gradually increased in the systemic and portal circulation during the reperfusion phase, and the magnitude of these increases was dependent on the duration of the ischemic phase. There were no significant changes in IL-1beta activity or endotoxin concentration in any dog group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the our study indicate that intestinal ischemia and reperfusion leads to significant increases of the circulating TNF-alpha and IL-6 activities, depending on the duration of the ischemia phase, in the absence of detectable endotoxin in the circulation. This finding suggests that intestinal ischemia and reperfusion induces a systemic proinflammatory cytokine response in dogs.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of the semen collected by electroejaculation from the Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis)     

Ishikawa A  Matsu M  Sakamoto H  Katagiri S  Takahashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(4):373-376

Four adult Hokkaido brown bears were used as semen donors, and semen characteristics were examined before freezing and after thawing. A total of 10 electroejaculates were diluted with Tris-egg yolk extender and cooled to 4 degrees C over 90 min. Spermatozoa were equilibrated with 4.7% glycerol for 80 min. Semen packed in 0.25 ml plastic straws were frozen with liquid nitrogen vapor. Percentages (mean +/- SD) of motile and live sperm were 96+/-2 and 86.5+/-7.2% before freezing, and 43+/-5 and 67.4+/-3.9% after thawing, respectively. Although the number of progressively motile sperm after thawing varied among samples (1.8+/-1.2 x 10(8) cells/ejaculate), frozen semen in the present study might serve for artificial insemination.  相似文献   

Serum leptin levels during the periparturient period in cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soliman M  Ishioka K  Yoshida R  Komabayashi K  Hatai H  Matsui Y  Hirai T  Katagiri S  Takahashi Y  Kawakita Y  Abe H  Kitamura H  Kimura K  Saito M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(11):1053-1056

Serum leptin concentrations were measured in antenatal and postnatal cows housed at two different locations. The mean serum leptin concentration was 9.2 +/- 0.6 ng/m l (n=22) in one group, and was slightly lower in the other (7.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, n=54), probably because of the different nutritional conditions between the two groups. There was no consistent variation in relation to the menstrual cycle and the periparturient period in both groups. Moreover, serum leptin concentrations during the periparturient period were independent of the number of delivery and the incidence of mastitis and milk fever. These results are quite different from those in rodents and human, suggesting the different regulatory mechanism of circulating leptin concentration in cows.  相似文献   

Leydig cell hyperplasia in an ENU-induced mutant mouse with germ cell depletion     

Khalaj M  Abbasi AR  Nishimura R  Akiyama K  Tsuji T  Noguchi J  Okuda K  Kunieda T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(3):225-228

Repro22 is an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation in mice showing depletion of both male and female germ cells. In the present study, we investigated the male phenotypes of the mutant mouse at the adult stage. The repro22/repro22 homozygous mice showed reduced body weights as well as markedly reduced testis weights. Histological examination of the testes at 4 and 10 months of age showed no germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the affected testis while a number of Sertoli cells were observed in the tubules. In addition to the germ cell depletion, the testes of the affected mouse contained expanded intertubular spaces that were filled by Leydig cell-like interstitial cells. These interstitial cells were confirmed to be Leydig cells by immunohistochmical staining using anti-3beta-HSD antibody. The estimated number of Leydig cells in the affected testes at 10 months of age increased approximately 2 fold compared with those of normal testes. Furthermore, the plasma testosterone levels of the affected mice at 10 months of age were significantly higher than those of the normal mice. These findings indicated that the repro22/repro22 mouse developed hyperplasia of Leydig cells that was presumably caused by the absence of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules.  相似文献   

Production efficiency and telomere length of the cloned pigs following serial somatic cell nuclear transfer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kurome M  Hisatomi H  Matsumoto S  Tomii R  Ueno S  Hiruma K  Saito H  Nakamura K  Okumura K  Matsumoto M  Kaji Y  Endo F  Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(4):254-258

The aim of the present study was to examine the production efficiency of cloned pigs by serial somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and to ascertain any changes in the telomere lengths of multiple generations of pigs. Using fetal fibroblasts as the starting nuclear donor cells, porcine salivary gland progenitor cells were collected from the resultant first-generation cloned pigs to successively produce second- and third-generation clones, with no significant differences in production efficiency, which ranged from 1.4% (2/140) to 3.3% (13/391) among the 3 generations. The average telomere lengths (terminal restriction fragment values) for the first, second and third generation clones were 16.3, 18.1 and 20.5 kb, respectively, and were comparable to those in age-matched controls. These findings suggest that third-generation cloned pigs can be produced by serial somatic cell cloning without compromising production efficiency and that the telomere lengths of cloned pigs from the first to third generations are normal.  相似文献   

Alpha-fetoprotein in serum and tumor tissues in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Satoshi Kitao  Takatsugu Yamada  Takefumi Ishikawa  Hiroo Madarame  Mitsuru Furuichi  Sakurako Neo  Ryo Tsuchiya  Kosaku Kobayashi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(3):291-295

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations were measured before and after surgical removal of tumor masses in four dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Localization of AFP was also examined immunohistochemically in tumor tissues. In three cases, the serum AFP concentration was 10 to 20 times higher than that of normal dogs. One to two months after surgery, the serum AFP concentration had decreased to normal range. AFP was localized in the tumor tissues in these three cases. One case, which had a low serum AFP, did not show AFP localization in tumor tissue.  相似文献