Protein requirements of preschool children consuming rice-milk,rice-toasted mung bean,and rice diets     

Maria A. Isabel Cabrera-Santiago  Carmen LL. Intengan  Benigan V. Roxas  Bienvenido O. Juliano  Consuelo M. Perez  Anacleta S. Loyola  Emma R. Alejandro  Jovina N. Abadilla  Gracia FE B. Yu  Aida C. Mallillin 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1986,36(3):167-178

Rice-milk and rice-toasted mung bean diets, and a high-protein rice (IR58 milled rice) were evaluated as part of a study on the protein requirements of toddlers consuming rice-based diets following the multilevel N balance method. Milk or mung bean contributed 1/3 of dietary N. At a daily energy intake of 418 kJ/kg body weight, weight losses were observed for all diets. The safe level of protein intakes obtained allowing 10 mg N/kg body weight/day for miscellaneous integumental losses and 15 mg N/kg body weight/day for growth was 1.11 g/kg body weight/day for the rice-milk diet and 1.34 g for the rice-mung bean diet. Preliminary data on four children indicate a safe level of protein intake of 1.44 g/kg/day for the IR58 milled rice. The protein quality of the high-protein rice as determined by the very short term N balance index on three children was 79–80% relative to milk.  相似文献   

The dynamics of vitellogenin gene expression differs between intact and eyestalk ablated kuruma prawn Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Naoaki Tsutsui  Yi Kyung Kim  Safiah Jasmani  Tsuyoshi Ohira  Marcy N. Wilder  Katsumi Aida 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(2):249-256

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In memoriam     

Katsumi Aida 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):959-959

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In vivo gonadotropic effects of recombinant Japanese eel follicle-stimulating hormone     

Hiroyasu Kamei  Toyoji Kaneko  Katsumi Aida 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):771-775

Recombinant Japanese eel follicle-stimulating hormone (rjeFSH) produced by methylotrophic yeast was subjected to in vivo bioassay to assess its gonadotropic activities and availability to artificially induce maturation of this species. Intramuscular injections of rjeFSH into male eels at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 U/g body weight were repeated 3 times during 12 days. The rjeFSH significantly increased plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, and induced both testicular growth and spermatogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that rjeFSH is effective in promoting male eel gamatogenesis in vivo. Instead of scarce native eel FSH, abundant recombinant eel FSH is now ready for future application to maturation induction of Japanese eel.  相似文献   

Effects of water temperature on early development of Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Akihiro Okamura  Yoshiaki Yamada  Noriyuki Horie  Tomoko Utoh  Naomi Mikawa  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1241-1248

ABSTRACT:   To determine an optimal temperature range for efficient production of healthy eel larvae Anguilla japonica , the effect of water temperature on hatching, survival, and deformity rates was examined. The early ontogeny of morphological features in this species by incubating eggs at five different temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C) was examined. Hatching occurred at 24, 28, 46 and 58 h after fertilization when incubated at 28, 25, 22 and 19°C, respectively; no eggs hatched at 31°C. The growth rate of prefeeding larvae increased as water temperature was elevated and acquisition of feeding ability was also accelerated at higher temperature. Significantly high hatching rates (76–86%, P  < 0.05) and survival rates (61–86%, P  < 0.05) were observed at relatively high temperatures (22–28°C). The deformities were 'open lower jaw', 'pericardial edema', and 'notochordal bending', in which the mouth was deformed with a downward projecting lower jaw, the pericardial cavity was swollen, and the notochord was bent or twisted to various degrees, respectively. Open lower jaw and pericardial edema were especially predominant at 19°C, with rates of 68 and 92%, respectively, compared with 31 and 10% at 25 and 28°C, respectively. The occurrence of notochordal bending was not affected by temperature. The optimal temperature for incubation and rearing A. japonica eggs and prefeeding larvae is approximately 25–28°C.  相似文献   

Activin stimulates goldfish FSH biosynthesis by enhancing FSHβ promoter activity     

Wei Ge  Nga-Ling Ko  Flora Yee-Man Pang  Me-Fong Chung  Sze-Wah Lin  Chi-Wai Yuen  Man-Tat Lau  Lin Liu  Young Chang Sohn  Makito Kobayashi  Katsumi Aida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):65-71

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play critical roles in controlling vertebrate gonadal development and function. Activin, a dimeric growth factor initially identified in the gonads, is important in the differential regulation of the two gonadotropins in mammals. Using goldfish as a model, we have demonstrated that activin stimulates FSHβ but suppresses LHβ expression. The present study demonstrated that the 5′-flanking region of goldfish FSHβ gene is functional in the mouse gonadotrope cell line, LβT2 cells. Similar to its effect on the cultured pituitary cells, activin stimulated FSHβ promoter activity in the LβT2 cells and the effect could be blocked by its binding protein follistatin. Follistatin also significantly suppressed the basal FSHβ promoter activity, suggesting secretion of endogenous activin by the LβT2 cells. Further characterization of the cis-regulatory elements responsible for activin stimulation is now under way in our laboratory.  相似文献   

The existence of extra-retinal and extra-pineal photoreceptive organ regulating gonadal development of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis     

T. Masuda  M. Iigo  K. Mizusawa  K. Aida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):433-434

The photoreceptors regulating photoperiodic gonadal development of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, are not known. In this study, we examined whether the gonads of ophthalmectomized and pinealectomized (Ex+Px) ayu respond to short photoperiod. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma levels of sex steroids were significantly increased in Ex+Px ayu kept under short photoperiod in both males and females. On the other hand, there were no significant increase in GSI and sex steroids in Ex+Px ayu kept under long photoperiod. The histological observation of the gonads revealed that oocytes undergoing final maturation in females and proliferation of germ cells in males were observed only in Ex+Px ayu kept under short photoperiod. Altogether, our results strongly suggest unknown photoreceptive organ regulates photoperiodic gonadal development of ayu.  相似文献   

Chromatographic and immunological identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in five marine teleosts     

Koichi Okuzawa  Masafumi Amano  Katsumi Aida  Yoshihisa Hasegawa  Hideki Tanaka  Hirohiko Kagawa 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(4):337-345

Brain extracts from bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, red seabream, Pagrus major, black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and specific radioimmunoassays. Immunoreactive material co-eluting from HPLC with salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and chicken GnRH-II, respectively, was found in all five species. In addition, a GnRH immunoreactive fraction showing the same HPLC retention time as lamprey GnRH-I was detected in the brain extracts of all species examined when using an unspecific radioimmunoassay which detects several GnRH forms, including lamprey GnRH-I. In the Japanese flounder brain extract, a fourth GnRH immunoreactive fraction was detected with the unspecific radioimmunoassay which did not co-elute with any of the six synthetic GnRH standards used in the present study.  相似文献   

Dynamics-driven reaction pathway in an intramolecular rearrangement     

Ammal SC  Yamataka H  Aida M  Dupuis M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5612):1555-1557

A critical role is traditionally assigned to transition states (TSs) and minimum energy pathways, or intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs), in interpreting organic reactivity. Such an interpretation, however, ignores vibrational and kinetic energy effects of finite temperature. Recently it has been shown that reactions do not necessarily follow the intermediates along the IRC. We report here molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that show that dynamics effects may alter chemical reactions even more. In the heterolysis rearrangement of protonated pinacolyl alcohol Me3C-CHMe-OH2+ (Me, methyl), the MD pathway involves a stepwise route with C-O bond cleavage followed by methyl group migration, whereas the IRC pathway suggests a concerted mechanism. Dynamics effects may lead to new interpretations of organic reactivity.  相似文献   

The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Sabine CL  Feely RA  Gruber N  Key RM  Lee K  Bullister JL  Wanninkhof R  Wong CS  Wallace DW  Tilbrook B  Millero FJ  Peng TH  Kozyr A  Ono T  Rios AF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5682):367-371

Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for approximately 48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 +/- 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential.  相似文献