Interspecific hybrids betweenAllium fistulosumandAllium schoenoprasumreveal carotene-rich phenotype     

Mikihisa Umehara  Takayuki Sueyoshi  Katsumi Shimomura  Masatoshi Iwai  Masayoshi Shigyo  Keita Hirashima  Takao Nakahara 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):295-301

Interspecific hybridization is an effective method to generate a new crop that gains available functions in a short time. Interspecific hybrids (2n= 16) betweenAllium fistulosumL. (2n= 16) andAllium schoenoprasumL. (2n= 16) were produced by reciprocal crossings through ovary culture, but the hybrids were much fewer in the combination usingA. schoenoprasumas a seed plant. All the hybrids have eight long chromosomes originated fromA.fistulosumand eight short chromosomes originated fromA. schoenoprasum. In addition, the hybridity was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The interspecific hybrids showed a vigorous growth habit; their foliage was slightly bloomy and deep green. The hybrids did not form bulbs, but rather propagated vegetatively by tillering. Carotene contents of the hybrids and both parents were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of all edible parts of the hybrids were approximately seven times higher than those of either parent. These results indicate that the hybrid is a new and carotene-rich vegetable ofAlliumspecies.  相似文献   

Analysis of Ferulic and p‐Coumaric Acids in Japanese Rice for Sake Brewing     

Katsumi Hashizume  Toshihiko Ito  Airi Nakayama  Masaki Okuda 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(1):45-49

Ferulic and p‐coumaric acids were analyzed in 50 rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples from 32 cultivars harvested in Japan. In brown rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 309 to 607 mg/kg and from 49 to 100 mg/kg, respectively. In 70% polished rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 27 to 103 mg/kg and from 0.4 to 3.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ratios of average phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice to the brown rice were 13.9% for ferulic acid and 1.9% for p‐coumaric acid. The ferulic acid level was highly correlated between brown and 70% polished rice (R = 0.815; P < 0.01), but there was no clear correlation for p‐coumaric acid. Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice did not show any clear correlations between the analytical index measurements for sake brewing suitability (weight of 1,000 grains, water absorption, digestibility, crude protein, and potassium content). Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice directly affected levels in the rice koji enzyme digest. The results indicated that phenolic acid levels in sake were affected by the levels in ingredient rice grains, which may then influence the sensory quality of sake.  相似文献   

Changes in levels of GnRH in the brain and pituitary and GTH in the pituitary in male masu salmon,Oncorhynchus masou,from hatching to maturation     

Masafumi Amano  Katsumi Aida  Naoto Okumoto  Yoshihisa Hasegawa 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):233-240

Levels of two types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II) in the brain and pituitary, and content of gonadotropin (GTHIβ and IIβ) in the pituitary were measured in male masu salmon from hatching to gonadal maturation for three years in order to clarify the involvement of GnRHs in precocious maturation. Underyearling precocious males were distinguishable in summer of year 1 and were marked by an increased GSI. Spermiation was observed among these individuals thereafter every autumn. Pituitary GTHIβ content in both precocious and immature males, and GTHIIβ content in precocious males showed seasonal fluctuations — high in autumn and low in winter. Pituitary GTHIIβ content was low in immature males. Pituitary sGnRH content in precocious males increased from spring to autumn during the three-year period. sGnRH concentrations in discrete brain areas showed seasonal changes — high during autumn to winter and low in summer. Concentrations in the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus increased significantly in association with testicular maturation during year 3. sGnRH concentrations in the hypothalamus were significantly higher in precocious males than in immature males; this was possibly due to positive feedback of steroid hormones. cGnRH-II was undetectable in the pituitary and no distinct changes were observed in its concentration in the brain in relation to maturation. The phenomenon of underyearling precocious maturation is considered to be triggered before the onset of early summer. It is suggested that males which mature precociously are larger in size and contain much sGnRH in the pituitary before the outward signs of precocity appear; sGnRH may stimulate GTH II synthesis and induce precocious maturation.  相似文献   

Low-salinity tolerance of juvenile fugu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu rubripes</Emphasis>   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kyung?Mi?Lee  Toyoji?KanekoEmail author  Katsumi?Aida 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(6):1324-1331

ABSTRACT:   To study the adaptability of juvenile fugu Takifugu rubripes to low-salinity environments, fish were transferred from full-strength seawater (100% SW) to freshwater (FW) and 25, 50, 75 and 100% SW, and checked for mortality over 3 days. No mortality was observed in 25–100% SW, whereas all fish died in FW. In fish transferred to 25–100% SW, blood osmolality was maintained within a physiological range. To further explore the lower limit of salinity that fugu could tolerate, fish were transferred from 100% SW to FW and 1, 5, 10, 15 and 25% SW. All fish survived in 5–25% SW, but fish died in FW and 1% SW. In fish surviving transfer to FW and 1 and 5% SW, blood osmolality was decreased to a near sublethal level of approximately 300 mOsm/kg·H₂O. Therefore, the lower limit of salinity tolerance is estimated to lie between 5 and 10% SW. Preacclimation in 25% SW for 7 days did not essentially affect the survival salinity range. Although survival rates and blood osmolality were slightly improved by preacclimation in 25% SW, blood osmolality was markedly decreased in salinities less than 10% SW, as was seen in the direct transfer. Neither chloride cell morphology nor sodium-potassium adenosinetriphosphatase activity in the gills showed a significant change following transfer to low salinities. These findings indicate that fugu can be adapted to hypoosmotic environments to some extent, exerting hyperosmoregulatory ability, although chloride cells are less likely to absorb ions in hypoosmotic environments.  相似文献   

Evaluation of serum and urine 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and myo-inositol concentrations in healthy dogs     

Miki Y  Mori A  Hayakawa N  Niki T  Oda H  Saeki K  Sato T  Tazaki H  Ishioka K  Arai T  Sako T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1117-1126

1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5AG) is a pyranoid polyol compound found in human circulating blood. Myo-inositol (MI) is a stereoisomer of inositol and serves as a precursor of inositol phospholipids. 1,5AG and MI are filtered by the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed through the renal tubules. However, under hyperglycemic conditions, reabsorption through the renal tubules is competitively inhibited because the structures of 1,5AG and MI resemble that of glucose. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels in healthy dogs. We demonstrated that 1,5AG and MI exist in canine serum and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under continuous hyperglycemic conditions, the serum 1,5AG concentration in healthy dogs decreased while the serum MI concentration remained unchanged. Urinary excretion of 1,5AG and MI increased significantly after blood glucose concentrations reached 200 to 220 mg/dl. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum 1,5AG and glucose concentrations during hyperglycemia. However, no significant correlation was observed between serum MI and glucose concentrations. In this study, we demonstrated that serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels were changed by blood glucose concentrations. The serum 1,5AG concentration was decreased by continuous hyperglycemia. However, the serum MI concentration does not reflect hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

Patient-side assay of lipase activity correlating with pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in the dog     

Ishioka K  Hayakawa N  Nakamura K  Terashima K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1481-1483

Pancreatitis is a common exocrine pancreatic disease in dogs, and the pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) test is used for diagnosis. Enzyme catalytic assay is thought to have low specificity, but a lipase activity assay with increased specificity has been developed in human clinical chemistry. We measured serum lipase activity of 65 client-owned dogs using the newly developed FUJI DRI-CHEM slide and compared the results with their PLI concentrations. The results showed a good correlation (r = 0.91), and the normal and pancreatitis dogs identified based on the PLI values were correctly separated based on lipase activity. The present study suggests that FUJI DRI-CHEM lipase activity would be helpful for diagnosis of pacreatitis in dogs and, in particular, that it can be used as a patient-side assay and contributes to immediate treatment.  相似文献   

Effect of avian leukosis virus infection on productivity of layers.     

K Tsukamoto  M Hasebe  S Kakita  H Hihara  Y Kono 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(4):787-788

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Genetic variability of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel) related to latitude     

I. K. K. Chan  D. K. O. Chan  S. C. Lee  K. Tsukamoto 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1997,6(1):45-49

Abstract— Isozyme genotypes of 400 glass eels recruiting to 4 localities along the east Asian coast, stretching from Taiwan to the Yalu River of northeastern China, were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. Geographic cline was found to exist in two loci: NADP-isocitrate dehygenase-1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Frequencies of the most common allele of these two loci increased from south to north. In the latitudinal range of 25°N to 40°N, the magnitude of difference of IDH100 and PGD100 was 13% and 9% respectively. However, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found to be insignificant in both loci at three of the four localities. The cline was, therefore, unlikely to have resulted from selection. Migration time-lag from different parts of the continent to the spawning ground in the western Pacific was suggested to be a possible reason for the formation of the cline.  相似文献   

Zygotic gene activation and maternal factors in mammals     

Minami N  Suzuki T  Tsukamoto S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):707-715

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Effects of sperm pretreatment on efficiency of ICSI-mediated gene transfer in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kurome M  Saito H  Tomii R  Ueno S  Hiruma K  Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(6):1217-1226

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-mediated gene transfer has recently been shown to be an effective technique for producing transgenic pigs; however, the types of sperm pretreatment having the most beneficial effects on post-ICSI embryogenesis or transgenic efficiency have not been clarified. In the present study, we performed ICSI-mediated gene transfer using pig sperm subjected to various pretreatments and determined the developmental potential of sperm-injected oocytes and introduction efficiency of exogenous DNA. Embryos were then transferred to recipient pigs to confirm gene transfer efficiency during the fetal period. When ICSI was performed using unfrozen sperm heads with tails removed by piezo-pulse, the rates of blastocyst formation (14.2%, 17/120) and transgene (EGFP) expression (11.8%, 2/17) were both low. When unfrozen sperm heads were used that were removed by sonication, EGFP expression efficiency (11/21, 52.4%) improved significantly (P<0.05). Pretreatment of unfrozen sperm with a surfactant or acrosomal reaction did not further improve the rates of blastocyst formation and EGFP expression. However, use of the heads of sperm frozen-thawed with or without a cryoprotective agent resulted in rates of blastocyst formation and EGFP expression that tended to be generally high (23.0%, 14/61-33.8%, 26/77 and 42.9%, 6/14-66.7%, 10/15). A total of 219 in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized by ICSI-mediated gene transfer using the heads of frozen-thawed sperm and then transferred into two recipient pigs. Seven fetuses were obtained, and EGFP expression and integration of the transgene (10-30 copies) were confirmed in two of the seven fetuses. Use of unfrozen sperm thus confers no advantages on ICSI-mediated gene transfer, and although further investigations are needed, frozen-thawed sperm heads appear to be useful in ICSI-mediated gene transfer.  相似文献