Carbon dioxide emission derived from soil organic matter decomposition and root respiration in Japanese forests under different ecological conditions     

Hitoshi SHINJO  Ayako KATO  Kazumichi FUJII  Keiko MORI  Shinya FUNAKAWA  Takashi KOSAKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(2):233-242

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pH of solution greatly affects sorption of ionizable compounds into low-density polyethylene film     

Ishikawa H  Matsui T  Ohtsu T  Watanabe K  Matsumoto K  Matsumoto K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3488-3492

Sorption of ionizable compounds of pyridines and aromatic carboxylic acids into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film was investigated as a function of pH ranging from 4 to 7. The sorptions for pyridines were increased with increasing pH. Within the range examined, pH 7 was observed to promote the highest degree of sorption. When the pH increased by one unit from 6 to 7, the sorptions for 2-propylpyridine and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine were both increased approximately 3.8 and 10.5 times, respectively. At pH 4, the sorption for the pyridines entirely disappeared. In contrast, the sorptions for aromatic carboxylic acids increased with decreasing pH. Within the range examined, pH 4 was observed to promote the highest degree of sorption. The magnitude of sorption for pyridines and carboxylic acids apparently depended on the affinity (delta(c)) of these compounds for LDPE film. Another factor affecting the sorption at various pHs was the pK(a) of these compounds; the sorption greatly decreased with the ionization degree of these compounds. To elucidate the phenomena, the following thermodynamic sorption equation was applied: S = S(0)gamma exp[V(v){(delta(w) - delta(v))(2) - delta(c)(2))/RT}. The plots of ln S for pyridines vs the term of the equation gave an insufficient relationship (r = 0.519). In contrast, taking into account the ratio (chi(i)()) of concentration of un-ionized compound to total concentration, the improvement for the equation was made: S' = S/chi(i)() = S(0)gamma exp[V(v){(delta(w) - delta(v))(2) - delta(c)(2))/RT}. The plots of ln S' vs the term of the equation gave a better relationship (r = 0.884). Furthermore, the equation was also applicable for the sorption behavior of carboxylic acids into LDPE (r = 0.769).  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of the inverted repeat of a chalcone synthase pseudogene between yellow soybean and seed coat pigmented mutants     

Mineo Senda  Satsuki Nishimura  Atsushi Kasai  Setsuzo Yumoto  Yoshitake Takada  Yoshinori Tanaka  Shizen Ohnishi  Tomohisa Kuroda 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):384-392

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Investigating the inheritance of prolapsed nictitating membrane glands in a large canine pedigree     

Michele L. Edelmann  Keiko Miyadera  Simone Iwabe  András M. Komáromy 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(6):416-422

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A simple, efficient agroinoculation soaking procedure for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus     

Hirotaka Yamaguchi  Jun Ohnishi  Koji Miyatake  Tsukasa Nunome  Akio Ohyama  Satomi Negoro  Hiroyuki Fukuoka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(4):243-248

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), poses a serious threat to tomato crops in tropical and subtropical regions. We developed a simple agroinoculation method with an infectious clone of TYLCV. Dipping of excised sections of susceptible tomato shoots in an Agrobacterium suspension successfully introduced the replicating virus with high efficiency. An additional vacuum treatment for 5 min ensured uniform infection without escapes, allowing evaluation of differences in TYLCV resistance among tomato cultivars. The method can be used in laboratory experiments for virological studies and in breeding programs for resistant cultivars.  相似文献   

Novel method to reduce fishy aftertaste in wine and seafood pairing using alcohol-treated yeast cells     

Tsuji T  Kanai K  Yokoyama A  Tamura T  Hanamure K  Sasaki K  Takata R  Yoshida S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(24):6197-6203

"Fishy aftertaste" is sometimes perceived in wine consumed with seafood. Iron in wine has been reported to be a key compound that produces fishy aftertaste. However, cost-effective methods to remove iron from wine have not been developed. Here, we describe a cost-effective and safe iron adsorbent consisting of alcohol-treated yeast (ATY) cells based on the observation that nonviable cells adsorbed iron after completion of fermentation. Treatment of cells with more than 40% (v/v) ethanol killed them without compromising their ability to adsorb iron. Drying the ATY cells did not reduce iron adsorption. Use of ATY cells together with phytic acid had a synergistic effect on iron removal. We term this means of removing iron the "ATY-PA" method. Sensory analysis indicated that fishy aftertaste in wine-seafood pairings was not perceived if the wine had been pretreated with both ATY cells and phytic acid.  相似文献   

Induction of reactive oxygen generation and functional changes in mitochondria and their involvement in the development of bacterial rot in lettuce caused by Pseudomonas cichorii     

Akinori Kiba  Kyon Ye Lee  Kouhei Ohnishi  Pyoyun Park  Hitoshi Nakayashiki  Yukio Tosa  Shigeyuki Mayama  Yasufumi Hikichi 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2009,74(1):45-54

Pseudomonas cichorii is the major causal agent of bacterial rot disease in lettuce, and apoptosis-like programmed cell death is closely associated with disease development. Depletion of cellular ATP and expression of the alternative oxidase gene was observed in lettuce leaves inoculated with P. cichorii suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Cytochemical observation showed production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria of P. cichorii-inoculated lettuce leaf cells. Release of cytochrome c into the cytosol was also induced by inoculation with the bacterium. Superoxide production was observed in the mitochondrial fraction isolated from P. cichorii-infected leaves much more intense than water-treated leaves. Loss of swelling ability was also observed in the mitochondrial fractions following inoculation with P. cichorii. Intriguingly, inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory complex III prevented loss of swelling ability, whereas superoxide generation was scarcely affected by inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability transition in the mitochondrial fractions. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory complex III and mitochondrial permeability transition delayed not only P. cichorii-induced cell death, but also disease development. In contrast, P. cichorii-induced DNA fragmentation was not inhibited in the presence of either type of inhibitor. The findings suggest that mitochondria may play a crucial role in DNA fragmentation-independent cell death pathway(s).  相似文献   

Development of EST-SSR markers and construction of a linkage map in faba bean (Vicia faba)     

Walid El-Rodeny  Mitsuhiro Kimura  Hideki Hirakawa  Attia Sabah  Kenta Shirasawa  Shusei Sato  Satoshi Tabata  Shigemi Sasamoto  Akiko Watanabe  Kumiko Kawashima  Midori Kato  Tsuyuko Wada  Hisano Tsuruoka  Chika Takahashi  Chiharu Minami  Keiko Nanri  Shinobu Nakayama  Mitsuyo Kohara  Manabu Yamada  Yoshie Kishida  Tsunakazu Fujishiro  Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):252-263

To develop a high density linkage map in faba bean, a total of 1,363 FBES (Faba bean expressed sequence tag [EST]-derived simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were designed based on 5,090 non-redundant ESTs developed in this study. A total of 109 plants of a ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ F₂ mapping population were used for map construction. Because the parents were not pure homozygous lines, the 109 F₂ plants were divided into three subpopulations according to the original F₁ plants. Linkage groups (LGs) generated in each subpopulation were integrated by commonly mapped markers. The integrated ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ map consisted of six LGs, representing a total length of 684.7 cM, with 552 loci. Of the mapped loci, 47% were generated from multi-loci diagnostic (MLD) markers. Alignment of homologous sequence pairs along each linkage group revealed obvious syntenic relationships between LGs in faba bean and the genomes of two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. In a polymorphic analysis with ten Egyptian faba bean varieties, 78.9% (384/487) of the FBES markers showed polymorphisms. Along with the EST-SSR markers, the dense map developed in this study is expected to accelerate marker assisted breeding in faba bean.  相似文献   

Female preference did not evolve under laboratory conditions in the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons     

Takashi Kuriwada  Norikuni Kumano  Keiko Shiromoto  Dai Haraguchi  Takashi Matsuyama  Tsuguo Kohama 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(3):160-165

Sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used to eradicate target pest species. Its effectiveness depends on the ability of released sterile males to mate with wild females. In pest species with a female choice mating system, there is potential for female preference to evolve in the wild population in view of the resulting zero-fitness in females that mate with sterile males. The evolution of female preference against sterile males can, therefore, reduce the efficiency of the SIT as the likelihood decreases that sterile males will mate with wild females. We examined this experimentally by using the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons, a serious pest of solanaceous crops, by allowing female preference in mass-reared fruit flies to select between fertile and sterile males over 12 generations. However, this did not generate a rapid evolutionary response. Also the remating rate of females did not increase, even when the first mating partner was a sterile male. We discuss the implication of the results for the eradication project by the SIT program.  相似文献   

Involvement of HLK effectors in Ralstonia solanacearum disease development in tomato   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Chen  Masatoshi Shirota  Yong Zhang  Akinori Kiba  Yasufumi Hikichi  Kouhei Ohnishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(1):79-84

A multigene family encoding HLK effectors is well conserved in all Ralstonia solanacearum strains. The HLK family contains three paralogous members. We constructed single, double, and triple deletion mutants of hlk genes in R. solanacearum strain OE1-1 and characterized HLK effectors by comparing the phenotypes of the strains. HLK effectors exhibited some functional redundancy. While the triple deletion mutant was significantly impaired in virulence on tomato and multiplied less efficiently than the wild type in the leaves, the mutant was as virulent as the wild type on eggplant and tobacco.  相似文献