Comparative analysis of diterpene composition in the bark of the hybrid larch F<Subscript>1</Subscript>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix gmelinii</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">japonica × L. kaempferi</Emphasis> and their parent trees     

Mayumi Sato  Kazuto Seki  Kazuhito Kita  Yoshinari Moriguchi  Makoto Hashimoto  Keita Yunoki  Masao Ohnishi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(1):32-40

The diterpene compositions in the bark of branches were investigated for two families of the F₁ hybrid, Kurile larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica Pilg.) × Japanese larch [Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.] (hereafter F₁) and their parents clones. 13-Epimanool, larixol, larixyl acetate, 13-epitorulosyl acetate (not detected in L. gmelinii var. japonica), isopimaric acid, abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and neoabietic acid were detected. Larixol and abietic acid represented more than 50% of the diterpene content in L. gmelinii var. japonica and L. kaempferi, respectively. Larixol and abietic acid were the predominant diterpene components in the F₁, and the proportions of these diterpenes were between those of the parental species. Therefore, the diterpene compositions in the F₁ were hereditarily infl uenced by their parents. The ratios of labdane, pimarane, and abietane diterpenes suggested that the main diterpene biosynthesis pathway in L. gmelinii var. japonica was from copalyl diphosphate (CDP) to labdane-type diterpenes, and that in L. kaempferi was from CDP to abietane-type diterpenes via pimarane type. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis suggested that the diterpene contents are effective indices for the discrimination of the hybrid seedlings. Part of this article was presented at the Annual Meetings of the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry in Kyoto, March 2006, and in Tokyo, March 2007  相似文献   

Changes in growth of marbled sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae</Emphasis> between high and low stock-size periods in Tokyo Bay,Japan     

Jeong-Hoon Lee  Keita Kodama  Masaaki Oyama  Gen Kume  Yuji Takao  Hiroaki Shiraishi  Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):929-935

We examined the age and growth of the marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan, during two study periods between 2002 and 2008, when the stock size was consistently low. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were found to differ significantly between sexes, and females attained a larger standard length than males of the same age. These results were then compared with those reported for 1974–1983 and 1986–1988, two study periods when the stock size was high. The growth of both sexes of marbled sole in Tokyo Bay during the 2000s was found to be significantly higher than that in the 1970s and 1980s. To explore possible factors causing these changes in the growth, we examined bottom water temperature and population density. We found that the population density decreased and the bottom water temperature increased between the late 1970s and the late 2000s. However, despite evidence of changes in population densities and water temperatures, further study is needed to determine the main factors causing the observed changes in growth.  相似文献   

Didactic tools for supporting participatory water management in collective irrigation schemes     

Klaartje Vandersypen  Abdoulaye C. T. Keita  Bruno Lidon  Dirk Raes  Jean-Yves Jamin 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(1):103-113

In many irrigation schemes, Water Users Associations (WUAs) acquired the responsibility for water management after withdrawal of the state. Based on the success of some indigenous irrigation schemes, it was assumed that farmers could easily become managers. As decision-making was the exclusive terrain of the governmental agencies that ran the schemes, farmers never gained the necessary experience with water management. Therefore, training of farmers and WUAs on the principles and processes of water management is essential. This paper demonstrates a practical example of training material on water management that incorporates research results on the process of Irrigation Management Transfer and resulting farmers’ water management for the case of the Office du Niger irrigation scheme. The results of the paper explain how input from research was used in the four steps of the construction of training material. These steps are (1) setting the training agenda, (2) selecting and adapting information to be featured, (3) targeting the audience and (4) designing the actual training material. A first validation of the approach and examples of the actual training material were obtained in a workshop uniting all stakeholders.  相似文献   

Establishment of a long-term storage method for soft X-ray irradiated pollen in watermelon     

Masako Akutsu  Keita Sugiyama 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):303-308

A new method for preserving viable soft X-ray irradiated pollen for the production of seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.) from diploid plants was established by storing the pollen under N₂ at −25°C for 1 year. Pollen stored at 4°C had the ability to germinate until 28 days under all atmospheres tested except O₂. However, after storage at this temperature for 3 months it did not germinate in any treatment conditions. Pollen stored at −25°C for 1 year under N₂, CO₂ or under a vacuum had a germination rate of about 50%. Pollen stored in O₂ or in air had a much lower germination rate, less than 20% and 10%, respectively. Thus, it is important to store watermelon pollen at a low temperature when it is being stored for a long time. Nitrogen and CO₂ were effective in extending the life of watermelon pollen. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that the viability of pollen was reduced by storage under O₂. The N₂ and CO₂ are thought to be effective because they are essentially inert to the living pollen. Also, a lot of pollen tubes were observed in a middle portion of an ovary pollinated with pollen stored at −25°C under N₂; however, pollen tubes were not observed in ovaries pollinated with pollen stored under a vacuum. It was revealed in 1 year storage experiments that viability of pollen stored under N₂ was higher than that stored under a vacuum. Seedless fruits produced with pollen stored at −25°C under N₂ had the same characteristics as the control fruit. Authors did this research in ‘Research and Development Program for New Bio-Industry Initiatives’.  相似文献   

Lokivetmab improved pruritus in a dog with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma     

Kiyohiko INAI  Keita KITAGAWA  Mami MURAKAMI  Toshiroh IWASAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):36

A 13-year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with chronic swelling and pruritus on the palmar aspect of the left forepaw and on the tail. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) was diagnosed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry. Prednisolone was initially used alone as an alternative treatment for CEL. Despite long-term corticosteroid therapy, the patient’s physiological (pruritus) and dermatological signs (alopecia, erythema, erosion, and ulceration with crust) progressed and showed no evidence of improvement. To address the worsening condition of pruritus, lokivetmab was started in combination with prednisolone. Once on lokivetmab, the pruritus steadily improved and was effective in resolving and maintaining remission. Further investigation on the critical role of IL-31 in the pruritus pathway of dogs with CEL is required.  相似文献   

Dietary utility of enzyme-treated fish meal for juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus orientalis</Emphasis>     

Seung-Cheol Ji  Osamu Takaoka  Amal Kbiswas  Manabu Seoka  Keita Ozaki  Jun Kohbara  Masaharu Ukawa  Sadao Shimeno  Hidetsuyo Hosokawa  Kenji Takii 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):54-61

ABSTRACT:   In order to develop an artificial diet, the dietary utility of enzyme-treated fish meal was investigated for juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT). Diets containing each 63% of Chilean fish meal (FM), enzyme-treated Chilean fish meal (EC) and enzyme-treated Peruvian fish meal (EP), with 10% bonito oil and raw sand lance Ammodytes personatus (SL) were fed to juvenile tuna six times per day for one week. In a different trial, diets EC and SL were fed to tuna six times per day for 2 weeks. Only diet EC sustained similar growth or caused lower survival and higher feed efficiency, hepato- and enterosomatic indices and final carcass lipid content as compared to those of SL. Diets FM and EP led to lower specific growth rate (SGR) but similar feed efficiency, survival and hepatosomatic index, yet higher enterosomatic index. Moreover, PBT fed diet EC for 2 weeks led to similar growth performance but higher final carcass and hepatic lipid contents, and plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels than those fed SL. Carcass fatty acid composition of diet EC group had lower 20:5  n -3 and 22:6  n -3 levels than the SL group. These results revealed that EC, as a suitable dietary protein source, could sustain growth of PBT, while dietary bonito oil led to higher carcass lipid but lower accumulation of n -3 highly unsaturated fatty acids.  相似文献   

A slicer-mediated mechanism for repeat-associated siRNA 5' end formation in Drosophila   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gunawardane LS  Saito K  Nishida KM  Miyoshi K  Kawamura Y  Nagami T  Siomi H  Siomi MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1587-1590

  相似文献   

Epizootiological study of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in Japan     

Yoshii K  Mottate K  Omori-Urabe Y  Chiba Y  Seto T  Sanada T  Maeda J  Obara M  Ando S  Ito N  Sugiyama M  Sato H  Fukushima H  Kariwa H  Takashima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):409-412

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis in humans. Rodent species that are potential hosts for TBEV are widely distributed in various regions in Japan. In this study, we carried out large-scale epizootiological surveys in rodents from various areas of Japan. A total of 931 rodent and insectivore sera were collected from field surveys. Rodents seropositive for TBEV were found in Shimane Prefecture in Honshu and in several areas of Hokkaido Prefecture. These results emphasize the need for further epizootiological and epidemiological research of TBEV and preventive measures for emerging tick-borne encephalitis in Japan.  相似文献   

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius exfoliative toxin EXI selectively digests canine desmoglein 1 and causes subcorneal clefts in canine epidermis     

Iyori K  Futagawa-Saito K  Hisatsune J  Yamamoto M  Sekiguchi M  Ide K  Son WG  Olivry T  Sugai M  Fukuyasu T  Iwasaki T  Nishifuji K 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(4):319-326

Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins are known to digest desmoglein (Dsg) 1, a desmosomal cell–cell adhesion molecule, thus causing intraepidermal splitting in human bullous impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and swine exudative epidermitis. Recently, a novel exfoliative toxin gene (exi), whose sequence shares significant homology with previously identified exfoliative toxins, was isolated from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Little is known about the pathogenic involvement of this toxin in canine pustular diseases such as impetigo. The aim of this study was to determine whether EXI, the product of the exi gene, digests canine Dsg1 and causes intraepidermal splitting in canine skin. An exi gene was isolated from chromosomal DNA of an S. pseudintermedius strain obtained from a pustule of a dog with impetigo, and was used to produce a recombinant EXI by Escherichia coli expression. When purified recombinant EXI was injected intradermally into normal dogs, it caused the development of vesicles or erosions with superficial epidermal splitting. In addition, the EXI abolished immunofluorescence for Dsg1, but not for Dsg3, at the injection sites. Moreover, the EXI directly degraded baculovirus‐secreted recombinant extracellular domains of canine Dsg1, but not that of canine Dsg3, in vitro. The EXI also degraded mouse Dsg1α and swine Dsg1, but not human Dsg1, mouse Dsg1β and Dsg1γ. Conversely, recombinant SIET, previously designated as S. intermedius exfoliative toxin, did not cause intraepidermal splitting or degradation of any Dsgs. These findings indicate that EXI has a proteolytic activity that digests canine Dsg1, and this characteristic might be involved in the pathogenesis of intraepidermal splitting in canine impetigo.  相似文献   

Relationship between body length, processed-meat length and seasonal change in net processed-meat yield of Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keita Kodama  Gen Kume  Hiroaki Shiraishi  Masatoshi Morita  Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):804-810

ABSTRACT:   There is concern regarding a possible decrease in the minimum exploitable size of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay, coincident with a decline in stock size. To assess this problem, the condition factor, the relationship between body length and processed-meat length, and the estimated body length for each market size category were investigated and compared monthly. The condition factor was lowest in spring and peaked in winter. The difference between body length and meat length was higher in summer and winter than in spring and autumn, suggesting that a high condition factor does not result in an increased net yield of processed meat. The annual mean minimum exploitable size in the present low-stock-size condition did not differ from the minimum exploitable size measured during a high-stock-size period (11-cm body length). However, the minimum exploitable size changed seasonally, which coincided with seasonal change in the net processed-meat yield. Exploitation during the season when net meat yield is high would result in increase of the large-sized meat products of high price.  相似文献