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Tomoko Shimokawa Hajime Shibuya Tsutomu Ikeda Kengo Magara Sanae Shinagawa Hideo Shinagawa Masanobu Nojiri Seiji Ohara 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(2):171-178
The process of solid-state fermentation was used to produce a cocktail enzyme of Trichoderma reesei ATCC 66587 and Aspergillus tubingensis KRCF 700-33. Wheat bran, corncob, and sugi pulp were supplemented with ammonium sulfate as an enzyme-producing medium using T. reesei and A. tubingensis. The corncob blend ratio, duration of incubation, and ammonium sulfate concentration were optimized for enhancing cellulase production from T. reesei using a Box-Behnken design. Filter paper degrading activity more than tripled when T. reesei was grown in the optimized medium, as compared with the initial medium. The highest activity of 4.03 FPU/ml (about 29 FPU/g of dry material) was obtained with a cocktail enzyme having a 25 % content of A. tubingensis and 75 % of T. reesei. The sugi pulp was then fermented to ethanol with the cocktail enzyme and thermotolerant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae BA-11) under simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 40 °C. An ethanol concentration of 4.48 % (w/v) was achieved using the cocktail enzyme (4 FPU/g-pulp) that was produced on-site with a substrate loading level of 12.5 wt %, which achieved an ethanol yield of 76 % after 72 h. 相似文献
53.
Takashi Kadono Nozomu Kira Kengo Suzuki Osamu Iwata Takeshi Ohama Shigeru Okada Tomohiro Nishimura Mai Akakabe Masashi Tsuda Masao Adachi 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5334-5357
Carotenoids exert beneficial effects on human health through their excellent antioxidant activity. To increase carotenoid productivity in the marine Pennales Phaeodactylum
tricornutum, we genetically engineered the phytoene synthase gene (psy) to improve expression because RNA-sequencing analysis has suggested that the expression level of psy is lower than other enzyme-encoding genes that are involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. We isolated psy from P. tricornutum, and this gene was fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene to detect psy expression. After transformation using the microparticle bombardment technique, we obtained several P. tricornutum transformants and confirmed psy expression in their plastids. We investigated the amounts of PSY mRNA and carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and β-carotene, at different growth phases. The introduction of psy increased the fucoxanthin content of a transformants by approximately 1.45-fold relative to the levels in the wild-type diatom. However, some transformants failed to show a significant increase in the carotenoid content relative to that of the wild-type diatom. We also found that the amount of PSY mRNA at log phase might contribute to the increase in carotenoids in the transformants at stationary phase. 相似文献
54.
Shiaki Takagi Junko Nishimura Lanlan Bai Hikaru Miyagi Kengo Kuroda Shunji Hayashi Hiroshi Yoneyama Tasuke Ando Hiroshi Isogai Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(2):174-179
A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family and acts as a component of innate immunity. There are few reports of susceptibility difference of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and susceptible strains (MSSA) against BMAP‐28. This study aims to clarify how a few amino acid substitutions of BMAP‐28 are related to its antimicrobial activity using four analog peptides of BMAP‐28. We also compared cellular fatty acid components of MSSA and MRSA using gas chromatography. We found that a few amino acid substitutions of BMAP‐28 do not change antimicrobial activity. It was also revealed that the percentage of cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid in total detected fatty acids of MRSA was significantly higher than that of MSSA. In addition, the percentage of palmitic acid in total detected fatty acids of MRSA tended to be lower than that of MSSA. Our results will provide new information to deal with the question of differences in bacterial susceptibility against BMAP‐28. 相似文献
55.
Yutaka Haga Fuminori Tarui Kengo Ohta Yasuhiro Shima Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):1020-1026
ABSTRACT: The dynamics of vitamin A (VA) compounds in live food during enrichment were examined under different light conditions. Rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia nauplii ( Artemia ) were enriched with or without 10 mg VA palmitate (VAp) in 1 L of culture medium for 24 h under either bright (2000 lx), or dark (<1 lx) conditions. VAp, retinol (ROH), retinal (RAL) and retinoic acid (RA) contents were analyzed at 0 h (before enrichment) and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after the onset of enrichment. Retinoid content in rotifers enriched in darkness was always higher than that enriched under light. VAp content showed two peaks at 3 and 18 h in rotifers enriched in darkness, but it showed one peak at 3 h in rotifers enriched under light. ROH and RA contents increased over the 24-h period in rotifers enriched in darkness, whereas they decreased 12 h onward in rotifers enriched under light. In Artemia , VAp and ROH contents were always higher than when enriched under the bright condition, but their dynamics showed a similar pattern in Artemia enriched under dark and bright conditions. 相似文献
56.
Novel antioxidative metabolites in rat liver with ingested sesamin 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Nakai M Harada M Nakahara K Akimoto K Shibata H Miki W Kiso Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(6):1666-1670
Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame oil, is known to have many biological activities, especially protective effects against oxidative damage in the liver. As sesamin itself has no antioxidative properties in vitro, to elucidate the mechanism of its antioxidative effects, the reaction products of sesamin in rat liver homogenate were analyzed. The methylenedioxyphenyl moiety in the structure of sesamin was shown to be changed into a dihydrophenyl (catechol) moiety. The enzymatic reaction products in vitro were identified as (1R,2S,5R,6S)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane and (1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane, which showed strong radical scavenging activities; the latter was a novel compound. The same metabolites were found as glucuronic acid and/or sulfic acid conjugates in substantial amounts in rat bile after oral administration of sesamin. It is suggested that sesamin is a prodrug and the metabolites containing the catechol moieties in their structures are responsible for the protective effects of sesamin against oxidative damage in the liver. 相似文献
57.
Germination response in wheat grains to dihydroactinidiolide,a germination inhibitor in wheat husks,and related compounds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kato T Imai T Kashimura K Saito N Masaya K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(8):2161-2167
On the basis of our recent findings that the germination of intact wheat grains with glumes (husks) belonging to dormant varieties was restrained as compared with that of dehusked grains, we have explored the identities of germination inhibitors in the glumes, resulting in the characterization of dihydroactinidiolide (1) and some aromatic compounds. A related natural product, tetrahydroactinidiolide (2), showed similar activity. The present study has demonstrated that the sensitivity in inhibition response of germination of the grains to 1 and 2 declined during after-ripening, in parallel with changes in germinability; the sprouting of after-ripened seeds on a whole spike was preventable by exogenous application of 2 in laboratory conditions, and germination of after-ripened grains was delayed by more than two weeks by the action of 1 or 2. The term "pseudodormancy" is proposed for the phenomenon of delay of germination caused by the inhibitor. After accumulation of additional evidence on inhibition response of actinidiolide-type natural products, structurally related to inhibitor 1, a mechanism concerning germination inhibition by 1 or 2 is proposed on the basis of the concept of nonbonding interaction with the inhibitors at an active site of an acceptor. 相似文献
58.
Olov?Karlsson Tsutomu?Ikeda Takao?Kishimoto Kengo?Magara Yuji?Matsumoto Shuji?HosoyaEmail author 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):141-150
A novel method for analysis of benzylic ether type lignin–carbohydrate bonds has been developed by using model compounds. Four diastereomers of model compound 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-(methyl -d-glucopyranoside-6-O-yl)-1-propanol (GGMGP), were ozonized in acetic acid/water/methanol 16:3:1 for 1h at 0°C. The product from ozonation of each diastereomer was saponified and the corresponding -etherified tetronic acid (TAMGP) was isolated using ion exchange chromatography. Minor amounts of methyl -d-glucopyranoside (MGP) and small amounts of a gluconic acid etherified with tetronic acid (TAGLCA), tetronic acid, gluconic acid, and glyceric acid were detected in the product mixture of ozonated benzylic ether type model compounds. The results suggest that a benzyl ether bond between lignin and carbohydrate is rather stable during the ozone treatment. Acid treatments with sulfuric acid or trifluoroacetic acid of the derived TAMGP led to cleavage of the glucosidic bond but only a small amount of products (tetronic acid and glucose) resulting from cleavage of the -ether bond were formed. The successful chemical treatments were used for studies of benzylic ether bonds in Japanese red pine. The results suggest the presence of benzylic ether bonds to polysaccharides in the wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 10th International Symposium of Wood and Pulping Chemistry (ISWPC), Yokohama, 1999; the 11th ISWPC, Nice, 2001; and as a rapid comunication in J Wood Sci (2000) 46:263–265 相似文献
59.
R. A. Bustomi Rosadi Afandi Masateru Senge Kengo Ito John T. Adomako 《Paddy and Water Environment》2005,3(4):219-223
The objective of this research was to investigate the critical water content (θ
c) and water stress coefficient (K
s) of soybean plant under deficit irrigation. This research was conducted in a plastic house at the University of Lampung,
Sumatra in Indonesia from June to September 2000. The water deficit levels were 0–20%, 20–40%, 40–60%, 60–80%, and 80–100%
of available water (AW) deficit, arranged in Randomized Completely Block (RCB) design with four replications. The results
showed that the soybean plant started to experience stress from week IV within 40–60% of AW deficit. The fraction of total
available water (TAW) that the crop can extract from the root zone without suffering water stress (p) was 0.5 and θc was 0.305 m3 m−3. The values of K
s at p=0.5 were 0.78, 0.86, 0.78, and 0.71 from week IV to week VII, respectively. The optimum yield of soybean plant with the highest
yield efficiency was reached at 40–60% of AW deficit with an average K
s value of 0.78; this level of deficit irrigation could conserve about 10% of the irrigation. The optimum yield of soybean
plant was 7.9 g/pot and crop water requirement was 372 mm. 相似文献
60.
Shinichi Nishimura Sang-bong Lee Kengo Ito Masateru Senge 《Paddy and Water Environment》2005,3(3):149-154
In the absence of a reservoir on the downstream side, a river flow that increases temporarily by rainfall cannot be stored
and discharged apart from requirements in a command area. This unused water (excess water) occurs to some extent even in a
drought year and making effective use of this supply is considered as one of the countermeasures for water shortage. Setting
up a regulating reservoir on the upstream side of head works is regarded as one of the methods for making effective use of
excess water. The inflow to the river and water delivery loss occurred from rainfall are stored in the regulating reservoir
and supplied to the command area on the downstream side as agricultural water. An operational method for the regulating reservoir
to effectively utilize the excess water was examined for a canal system by simulation. In an investigated area, there was
excess water even in drought years, and making use of it through the regulating reservoir whose capacity is smaller compared
to that of a dam can become one of the countermeasures for the drought period. The simulation in this study could estimate
quantitatively the effect of the regulating reservoir to make the excess water effective. 相似文献