Upgrading of urea formaldehyde-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards using silane coupling agents   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guangping Han  Changwu Zhang  Dongmei Zhang  Kenji Umemura  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(4):282-286

Reed and wheat straw particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were manufactured from two different material configurations (i.e., fine and coarse particles). The board densities were in the range of 0.550–.90g/cm³. The effects of particle size and board density on the board properties were examined. The properties of particleboard produced from fine particles were better than those made from coarse particles. An increase in board density resulted in a corresponding improvement in the board properties. The properties of OF bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards were relatively lower than those of commercial particleboards. Three silane coupling agents were used to improve the bondability between the reed and wheat particles and OF resin. Results of this study indicate that all the board properties were improved by the addition of silane coupling agent. The degree of improvement achieved from each coupling agent was different; epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw particleboard, and amino silane was better for wheat straw particleboard.  相似文献   

Prebiotic effect of glycerol galactoside isolated from color-faded nori in rats     

Kenji Ishihara  Chiaki Oyamada  Yoko Sato  Toshiyuki Suzuki  Masaki Kaneniwa  Hiromi Kunitake  Toshihiko Muraoka 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(6):1015-1021

Glycerol galactoside (GG; floridoside: 2-O-glycerol-α-d-galactopyranoside, and isofloridoside: 1-O-glycerol-α-d-galactopyranoside) is known to be a component of edible red seaweed nori. Recently, we have found that low-quality nori (color-faded nori), which has a low protein content, contains a large quantity of GG. From further studies, we have also found that GG has prebiotic characteristics in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo prebiotic activity of GG in rats. Dietary GG selectively increased the cecal Bifidobacterium count in rats. Other indices of prebiotics, such as pH of cecal content, organic acid concentrations, and fecal weight, also supported the existence of prebiotic activity of GG. The present data will also contribute to the development of a new method of utilizing color-faded nori as a health-promoting foodstuff.  相似文献   

Repeatable immersion infection with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Photobacterium damselae</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">piscicida</Emphasis> reproducing clinical signs and moderate mortality     

Ichiro?Nagano  Seiko?Inoue  Kenji?Kawai  Syun-ichirou?OshimaEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):707-714

Pseudotuberculosis is a bacterial septicaemia caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in several marine fish species. Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata is the most sensitive fish species to this disease. The internal organs of naturally infected yellowtail exhibit whitish spots, tubercle-like tissue structures, consisting of bacterial accumulations. There have been many trials for experimental infection, however adequate method of infection that reproduces moderate mortality and primary clinical signs has not yet established. Present investigation evaluated an immersion infection method by using logarithmic culture-phase bacteria resulting in higher mortality than that using stationary culture-phase bacteria. Typical white spots on the spleen and kidney were also observed constantly in dead fish. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody microscopy showed bacterial clusters not only in the spleen and kidney but also in the blood channels in the secondary gill filaments. These results were confirmed repeatedly by plural experiments. The use of logarithmic-phase bacteria in immersion infection is an appropriate technique to reproduce moderate mortality and primary clinical signs, which will be a reliable infection method also for the challenge test of pseudotuberculosis vaccine.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary medicinal herbs on lipid metabolism and stress recovery in red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>     

Seung-Cheol Ji  Osamu Takaoka  Si-Woo Lee  Jae-Ho Hwang  Yang-Su Kim  Katsuya Ishimaru  Manabu Seoka  Gwan-Sik Jeong  Kenji Takii 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):665-672

The effect of dietary medicinal herbs on lipid metabolism and stress recovery was investigated in red sea bream Pagrus major. Fish (mean body weight 24.0 ± 0.2 g) were fed on test fish meal diets supplemented with either Massa Medicata (Mm), Crataegi Fructus (Cf), Artemisia capillaries (Ac), or Cnidium officinale (Co), or with a mixture of the four herbs (HM) for 12 weeks. A control group was fed a diet without herbs in the same manner. A high survival rate was observed in the herbal diet groups. The final mean body weight, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and apparent protein and lipid retention in the Ac, Co, and HM groups were higher than those in the control and Mm groups. Final carcass, hepatic lipid and triglyceride contents, and plasma triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid levels were lower in the Ac, Co, and HM groups compared to those of control and Mm groups. However, final hepatic phospholipid, plasma phospholipid, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the Ac, Co, and HM diets groups than in the control and Mm groups. The Cf, Co, Ac, and HM groups showed faster recovery time in the 2-phenoxyethanol anesthesia test and a higher recovery rate in the 10-min air exposure test than those of the control and Mm groups. Moreover, the Cf, Ac, Co, and HM diet groups had a significantly lower plasma cortisol level than the control and Mm diet group, but the glucose level in the herbal diet groups was higher than that in the control group after a 1-h air exposure. These results indicate that the addition of medicinal herbs to the fish diet improved lipid utilization and stress recovery in red sea bream.  相似文献   

Role of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-cd in rice (Oryza sativa) breeding programmes     

Kenji Fujino  Mari Obara  Hitoshi Kiuchi  Hiroshi Shinada  Tsutomu Nishimura  Toshihiko Maekawa  Yuji Hirayama 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):845-852

A series of DNA markers for various agronomic traits may accelerate the success of marker-assisted selection in practical plant breeding programmes. Here, we developed DNA markers for the blast resistance gene Pi-cd. In this study, we examined the effects of the Pi-cd locus on not only blast resistance but also agronomic traits in agriculture. We developed three pyramiding lines (PLs) coupling Pi-cd with three blast resistance genes, pi21, Pi35 and Pi39. The effect of Pi-cd on blast resistance was dependent on the coupled resistance genes. Then, we evaluated the effects of Pi-cd on 13 agronomic traits. Amylose content and 1,000-grain weight showed significant differences between the PLs and current commercial varieties, which had no negative effects on agronomic trait values. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of genotype for the Pi-cd locus among varieties of upland rice. The KT genotype specific to rice blast resistance may be predominant in the varieties. The results suggested that Pi-cd has the potential to be useful for improving blast resistance in rice breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Polyaniline-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/PLLA fibers with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation performance     

Xiaoqiang Li  Chen Shi  Jidong Wang  Jian Wang  Mengjuan Li  Hua Qiu  Hong Sun  Kenji Ogino 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(1):50-56

A simple and practical strategy has been developed for preparing polyaniline(PANi)-doped TiO₂/poly(l-lactide) (P@TiP-C) fibers by a combination of coaxial-electrospinning and in-situ polymerization. The TiO₂/PLLA composite fibers with TiO₂ located on the surface were fabricated by coaxial-electrospinning, with PLLA as the core phase and a dispersion of TiO₂ particles, a well-known photocatalyst, in the sheath phase. The aniline monomers were also located in the core phase and in-situ polymerized by ammonium persulfate (APS) after electrospinning. SEM images show that TiO₂ particles were located on the surface of PLLA fibers. Photocatalytic degradation tests show that the P@TiP-C fibers exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange under visible light, likely due to the synergistic effect of PANi and TiO₂.  相似文献   

Three cone opsin genes and cone cell arrangement in retina of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus orientalis</Emphasis>     

Taeko Miyazaki  Jun Kohbara  Kenji Takii  Yasunori Ishibashi  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):314-321

ABSTRACT:   In bluefin tuna aquaculture, collision of juveniles with the tank or net walls is a major cause of high mortality. This problem may be related to color sensibility of the visual mechanisms of this species. As a first step in understanding of color vision of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis , we applied a molecular technique and histology to study cone cell distribution in the retina of juvenile fish. We isolated three cone opsin genes encoding one blue-sensitive ( SWS2 ) and two green-sensitive ( RH2 ) visual pigments. In situ hybridization revealed that SWS2 mRNA is localized in the single-cone photoreceptors. The localization of the two RH2 signals in distinct cone cells was not determined, probably because of the high homology between the two RH2 genes. Single-cone photoreceptors appeared frequently in the ventral–temporal retina in approximately 80-mm fish and in the temporal retina in approximately 230-mm fish. These cone distributions may define a visual field with best color contrast vision in front and above the fish with a short wavelength (blue) reflecting target (sensed by single cones), and may be enhanced against the longer wavelength (green) background when fish see a target below them (sensed by double cones).  相似文献   

Stimulation of growth performance without causing stress response in young red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), by photoperiod manipulation     

Amal Kumar Biswas  Manabu Seoka  Kiyotaka Ueno  Kenji Takii  & Hidemi Kumai 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(5):457-463

Three photoperiods (12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) were used to investigate the growth performance and stress response in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 200–400 g). Fish were fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation, two times a day for 8 weeks. Fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod showed a significantly higher weight gain (%) than those exposed to other photoperiods (P<0.05). The best specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were achieved at 24L:0D and 16L:8D, without significant differences among them. Although fish exposed to 16L:8D showed a significantly higher plasma level of cortisol than those exposed to other photoperiods in the third week, there was no major variation in the cortisol level among the treatments either at the sixth week or at the end of this study. There were no significant differences either in the haematocrit level or the plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and total protein among the treatments during this study. The results revealed that the growth performance of red sea bream reared from 200 to 400 g can be stimulated significantly using a continuous (24L:0D) photoperiod without any measurable significant stress response in fish.  相似文献   

Determination of Damaged Starch and Diastatic Activity in Wheat Flour Using a Flow-Injection Analysis Biosensor Method     

Ryuichi Haginoya  Kunio Sakai  Takashi Komatsu  Seiichi Nagao  Kenji Yokoyama  Toshifumi Takeuchi  Ritsuko Matsukawa  Isao Karube 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(6):745-749

The determination of damaged starch and diastatic activity in flour was studied using a flow-injection analysis (FIA) biosensor system. The system consisted of an oxygen electrode and an immobilized enzyme column containing purified glucoamylase and glucose oxidase immobilized on activated aminopropyl glass beads. The biosensor system has an optimum pH between 6.5 and 7.5 and an optimum temperature of 35°C for glucose measurement. The response of the FIA biosensor was linear up to 1.000 g/L of glucose with a lower detection limit of 0.025 g/L. Each assay took about 20 min, and the system showed good reproducibility (r = 0.998, n = 8). When applied to the measurement of damaged starch and diastatic activity in wheat flour, the results obtained agreed with those obtained using the conventional methods of measurement. This biosensor system is a rapid practical alternative for the measurement of damaged starch and diastatic activity in wheat flour.  相似文献