Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Iris hollandica Hort.     

A. Hida  K. Shimizu  R. Nagata  T. Yabuya  T. Adachi 《Euphytica》1999,105(2):99-102

The effects of glucose concentrations, different sugars and combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin on cell division and colony formation were examined in cultures of protoplasts isolated enzymatically from suspension cultures of Iris hollandica N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l kinetin, 200 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/l proline, 0.3– 0.5 M glucose and 20 g/l agarose was suitable for cell division and colony formation. When colonies formed were transferred to hormone-free MS medium, many shoots were induced. In addition, when induced shoots were transferred to MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA, root induction was observed. A plant regeneration system from protoplasts of I. hollandica was thus established.  相似文献   

Development of an in vitro culture system for producing eel larvae from immature ovarian follicles in Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>     

Tomoki Abe  Shigeho Ijiri  Shinji Adachi  Kohei Yamauchi 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):257-265

To standardize conditions during the final maturation and ovulation of ovarian follicles from Japanese eel, we have developed a culture system for the production of fertilizable eggs from post-vitellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro. Post-vitellogenic ovarian follicles were incubated in culture medium supplemented with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) with or without bovine serum albumin (BSA) to assess the effects of protein concentration. Eggs that ovulated during incubation were fertilized, and the remaining follicles were incubated in prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) for a further 3 or 6 h before fertilization. Male eels were injected repeatedly with human chorionic gonadotropin. The quality of eggs obtained under the different culture conditions was evaluated after artificial fertilization in terms of hatching success. Hatching rates tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of BSA in the incubation medium in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of PGF_2α drastically increased the number of eggs that ovulated, but the rate of hatching was greatly decreased compared with eggs obtained earlier by DHP incubation alone. The larvae obtained from artificially fertilized eggs produced in vitro survived for 14 days without feeding. We conclude that in vitro culture systems thus have a great potential for the acquisition of good quality eggs under tightly controlled artificial conditions, culminating in the production of eel larvae.  相似文献   

Characterization of Egyptian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis> population using simple sequence repeat markers     

Ramadan A. Arafa  Nour Elden K. Soliman  Olfat M. Moussa  Said M. Kamel  Kenta Shirasawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):104-107

The plant pathogenic oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is the causal agent of late blight disease in tomato and potato. For characterizing Egyptian P. infestans isolates by DNA marker analysis, 40 isolates of P. infestans were collected from different locations in Egypt during two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The 40 isolates were grouped into seven genotypes, in which 24 alleles were detected. The identified genotypes were not completely associated with geographic location and sample collection years. These results provide genetic and geographical information for developing a program to manage late blight disease.  相似文献   

Fine mapping of the gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)     

Shingo Terakami  Shigeki Moriya  Yoshihiko Adachi  Miyuki Kunihisa  Chikako Nishitani  Toshihiro Saito  Kazuyuki Abe  Toshiya Yamamoto 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):271-280

Black spot disease, which is caused by the Japanese pear pathotype of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, is one of the most harmful diseases in Japanese pear cultivation. We mapped a gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cultivar ‘Kinchaku’ (Aki gene) at the top of linkage group 11, similar to the positions of the susceptibility genes Ani in ‘Osa Nijisseiki’ and Ana in ‘Nansui’. Using synteny-based marker enrichment, we developed novel apple SSR markers in the target region. We constructed a fine map of linkage group 11 of ‘Kinchaku’ and localized the Aki locus within a 1.5-cM genome region between SSR markers Mdo.chr11.28 and Mdo.chr11.34. Marker Mdo.chr11.30 co-segregated with Aki in all 621 F₁ plantlets of a ‘Housui’ × ‘Kinchaku’ cross. The physical size of the Aki region, which includes three markers (Mdo.chr11.28, Mdo.chr11.30, and Mdo.chr11.34), was estimated to be 250 Kb in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple genome and 107 Kb in the ‘Dangshansuli’ Chinese pear genome. Our results will help to identify the candidate gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in Japanese pear.  相似文献   

Shifts in the composition and potential functions of soil microbial communities responding to a no-tillage practice and bagasse mulching on a sugarcane plantation     

Toshiko Miura  Ainin Niswati  I. G. Swibawa  Sri Haryani  Heru Gunito  Miwa Arai  Kenta Yamada  Satoshi Shimano  Nobuhiro Kaneko  Koichi Fujie 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(3):307-322

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Emphysematous cystitis in a chemically-induced diabetic dog     

Matsuo S  Hayashi S  Watanabe T  Adachi K  Miyoshi A  Kato A  Suzuki M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):289-292

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disorder caused by bacterial infection and characterized by gas accumulation within the bladder wall with cyst formation. This report describes the histopathological characteristics of emphysematous cystitis found in a diabetic female beagle induced by streptozotocin and alloxan. Macroscopically, multiple cyst-like structures were observed on the cut surface of the urinary mucosa. During fixation, small specimens cut from the mucosa floated on the surface of the fixative solution. Histopathologically, multiple cysts were lined with a single layer of flattened cells found to be immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, partially positive for α-smooth muscle actin or macrophage scavenger receptor, class A, and thought to be myofibroblasts, fibroblasts or macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells were observed around the cysts, and gram-negative short bacilli were observed in the lumen of the urinary bladder. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as emphysematous cystitis.  相似文献   

Culture method and growth characteristics of marine benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp. isolated from Japanese coastal waters     

Haruo Yamaguchi  Yuko Tanimoto  Takamichi Yoshimatsu  Shinya Sato  Tomohiro Nishimura  Keita Uehara  Masao Adachi 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(5):993-1000

Blooms of toxic dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis, which is known as a producer of palytoxin (PTX) analogs, may pose a threat to human health in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions around the world. In the present study, we established a suitable culture method for Ostreopsis spp. isolated from Japanese coastal waters and characterized their growth potential using the method to discuss their bloom dynamics. Each clonal strain of Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Ostreopsis sp.?1, Ostreopsis sp.?5, and Ostreopsis sp.?6 was incubated in 25?×?150?mm test tubes with a flat bottom containing various kinds of medium. Since Ostreopsis spp. strains grew well in IMK and/or f/2 media, we selected these media for cultivation of all the Ostreopsis spp. isolates. Growth rates of O. cf. ovata (0.834?divisions/day), Ostreopsis sp.?1 (0.619?divisions/day), and Ostreopsis sp.?6 (1.04?divisions/day) that produce PTX analogs significantly differed (p?<?0.05) respectively and are clearly higher than those of other reported epiphytic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, Prorocentrum lima, and Coolia monotis cultures, which suggest that these species have ecological advantages to predominate through the algal succession in Japanese coastal waters, resulting in a potential risk to human health in this region.  相似文献   

Are all three components of conservation agriculture necessary for soil conservation in the Sudan Savanna?     

Kenta Ikazaki  Fujio Nagumo  Saïdou Simporé  Albert Barro 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):230-237

ABSTRACT

Conservation agriculture (CA) as recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations consists of three components: minimum soil disturbance, soil cover, and crop rotation/association. CA was expected to become an effective countermeasure against water erosion in the Sudan Savanna, but it has not been adopted by local smallholder farmers. As markets for grain legumes (including cowpea) have not been developed in the Sudan Savanna, crop rotation/association should be considered impractical for these farmers. Therefore, we examined whether legume intercropping as a crop rotation/association component is necessary for preventing soil erosion in the Sudan Savanna. Three-year field experiments were conducted in runoff plots at Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research Saria station. The four treatments were conventional practice (full tillage, no sorghum residue mulching, and no intercropping), two-component CA (minimum tillage (MT) and sorghum residue mulching without intercropping), and three-component CA with velvet bean (VB) or pigeon pea (PP) intercropping. It was revealed that: (1) MT and sorghum residue mulching (without intercropping) effectively reduced the annual soil loss by 54% mainly due to the improvement of soil permeability by the boring of termites and wolf spiders found under the sorghum stover mulch; (2) intercropping in combination with MT and crop residue mulching had no effect on soil erosion control mainly because: (a) PP did not survive the long dry season; (b) VB did not serve effectively as a cover crop since soil loss was concentrated at the beginning of the rainy season when VB was still too small; (c) unexpectedly, in combination with MT and crop residue mulching, intercropping with VB did not increase mulch biomass, especially sorghum biomass which prompts the boring of termites and wolf spiders. These results demonstrate that the third component of CA, namely legume intercropping, is not always necessary; rather, the two remaining components – minimum soil disturbance and soil cover – are sufficient for soil conservation in the Sudan Savanna. This finding lightens the burden of adopting CA and thus facilitates its future promotion to the smallholder farmers in the Sudan Savanna.  相似文献   

The complete mitochondrial genome of the domestic red deer (Cervus elaphus) of New Zealand and its phylogenic position within the family Cervidae     

Kenta WADA  Kazuhiro OKUMURA  Masahide NISHIBORI  Yoshiaki KIKKAWA  Michinari YOKOHAMA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):551-557

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the semidomestic red deer (Cervus elaphus) of New Zealand. The genome was 16 357 bp long and contained 13 protein‐coding genes, 12SrRNA, 16SrRNA, 22 tRNAs and a D‐loop as found in other mammals. Database homology searches showed that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence from the New Zealand semidomestic deer was similar to partial mtDNA sequences from the European, Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Spanish red deer (C. e. hispanicus). Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial protein‐coding regions revealed two well‐defined monophyletic clades in subfamilies Cervinae and Muntiacinae. However, red deer and Sika deer were not found to be close relatives. The analysis did identify the red deer as a sister taxon of a Samber/Sika deer clade, although it was more closely related to the Samber than the Sika group.  相似文献   

Eastern little tuna,Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) mature and reproduce within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks          下载免费PDF全文

Ryosuke Yazawa  Yutaka Takeuchi  Kenta Satoh  Yuri Machida  Kotaro Amezawa  Naoki Kabeya  Yukinori Shimada  Goro Yoshizaki 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(12):3800-3810

Eastern little tuna (ELT, Euthynnus affinis) is expected to see use as a novel aquaculture species due to its rapid growth and high economic value. In this study, closing of the complete life cycle of ELT in land‐based tanks was successfully carried out. Seed production of a first generation (F1) derived from wild‐caught ELT broodstock was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Survival percentages of F1 ELT at 365 days post hatching for the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 0.9%, 0.4% and 6.3% respectively. On average, F1 ELT were approximately 40 cm in total length and weighed 1500 g by the time they reached 1 year of age. Successful artificial induction of spawning was achieved in 1‐year‐old F1 ELT using a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Induction of spawning was successful at the first administration of GnRHa in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes. First spawning was observed at 4 or 5 days post implantation, which indicated that oogenesis and spermatogenesis progressed within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks. During spawning periods, the average number of fertilized eggs and the average number of hatched larvae per spawning event in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 20,480 eggs day^?1 and 177 larvae day^?1, 39,423 eggs day^?1 and 9347 larvae day^?1, and 819,555 eggs day^?1 and 674,445 larvae day^?1 respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that both male and female ELT reared in land‐based tanks were capable of reproduction at 1 year of age.  相似文献