Determination of genome size of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis (Haliotidae) and phylogenetic examination of this family     

Kenta Adachi  Sei-Ichi Okumura 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):849-852

Genome size (C value) is an important index for phylogenetic studies. Haliotidae (abalones) includes many species widely distributed throughout the world??s oceans, which makes this family interesting for phylogenetic studies. To examine Haliotidae phylogeny, we determined the C value and adenine and thymine base pair content (AT?%) of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis by using flow cytometry. The C values of H.?discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis were 1.84 and 1.45?pg, with AT?% of 62.3 and 66.3?%, respectively. These data represent the first report of abalones classified as Pacific Northwest (H.?discus hannai) and Indo-Pacific (H.?diversicolor aquatilis) groups, and provides new validation for previous theories related to Haliotidae phylogeny.  相似文献   

QTL mapping for late leaf spot and rust resistance using an improved genetic map and extensive phenotypic data on a recombinant inbred line population in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

R. M. Kolekar  V. Sujay  Kenta Shirasawa  M. Sukruth  Y. P. Khedikar  M. V. C. Gowda  M. K. Pandey  R. K. Varshney  R. S. Bhat 《Euphytica》2016,209(1):147-156

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Development of EST-SSR markers and construction of a linkage map in faba bean (Vicia faba)     

Walid El-Rodeny  Mitsuhiro Kimura  Hideki Hirakawa  Attia Sabah  Kenta Shirasawa  Shusei Sato  Satoshi Tabata  Shigemi Sasamoto  Akiko Watanabe  Kumiko Kawashima  Midori Kato  Tsuyuko Wada  Hisano Tsuruoka  Chika Takahashi  Chiharu Minami  Keiko Nanri  Shinobu Nakayama  Mitsuyo Kohara  Manabu Yamada  Yoshie Kishida  Tsunakazu Fujishiro  Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):252-263

To develop a high density linkage map in faba bean, a total of 1,363 FBES (Faba bean expressed sequence tag [EST]-derived simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were designed based on 5,090 non-redundant ESTs developed in this study. A total of 109 plants of a ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ F₂ mapping population were used for map construction. Because the parents were not pure homozygous lines, the 109 F₂ plants were divided into three subpopulations according to the original F₁ plants. Linkage groups (LGs) generated in each subpopulation were integrated by commonly mapped markers. The integrated ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ map consisted of six LGs, representing a total length of 684.7 cM, with 552 loci. Of the mapped loci, 47% were generated from multi-loci diagnostic (MLD) markers. Alignment of homologous sequence pairs along each linkage group revealed obvious syntenic relationships between LGs in faba bean and the genomes of two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. In a polymorphic analysis with ten Egyptian faba bean varieties, 78.9% (384/487) of the FBES markers showed polymorphisms. Along with the EST-SSR markers, the dense map developed in this study is expected to accelerate marker assisted breeding in faba bean.  相似文献   

Genetic polymorphisms in Japanese fragrant landraces and novel fragrant allele domesticated in northern Japan     

Kenta Ootsuka  Ikuya Takahashi  Katsunori Tanaka  Tomio Itani  Hiroaki Tabuchi  Tadashi Yoshihashi  Akio Tonouchi  Ryuji Ishikawa 《Breeding Science》2014,64(2):115-124

Rice fragrance is an important characteristic for Southeast Asian consumers, and fragrant landraces from Japan were first recorded in the 17th century. Principal component analysis clearly showed that Japanese fragrant landraces were genetically different from non-Japanese fragrant landraces. Japanese fragrant landraces were composed of six clades, none of which carried the most common fragrance mutation, an 8-bp deletion in exon 7 of Badh2. Fragrant landraces comprised two major groups carrying different Badh2 mutations. One group carried a known SNP at exon13 and the other a SNP at the exon1-intron1 junction as splicing donor site. The latter was considered to be a potential splicing mutant group as a novel allele at Badh2. Heterozygosity (He) scores in the two fragrant groups were not significantly different from non-fragrant landraces and modern cultivars. However, lower He scores were found around the Badh2 locus in the two groups. The potential splicing mutant group showed a more extended haplotype than the E13 SNP group. A likely causal factor responsible for loss of function is a novel splicing mutation allele that may have been generated quite recently. The fragrance allele has dispersed as a result of out-crossing under local environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Cold tolerance at the early growth stage in wild and cultivated rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akhil Ranjan Baruah  Noriko Ishigo-Oka  Mieko Adachi  Yasuyo Oguma  Yoshiro Tokizono  Kazumitsu Onishi  Yoshio Sano 《Euphytica》2009,165(3):459-470

The present study was conducted to understand the pattern of variation and the genetic bases for cold tolerance at the early growth stage in Asian rice. The genetic variation was investigated at the germination, plumule and seedling stages among 57 strains including cultivated rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica and ssp. japonica) and its wild progenitor (Oryza rufipogon). The significant differentiation of cold tolerance was observed among the taxonomically divided groups. At the germination stage, both indica and japonica subspecies tended to be more tolerant than O. rufipogon, whereas at the plumule and seedling stages, ssp. japonica tended to be more tolerant than ssp. indica and O. rufipogon. Furthermore, in cold tolerance at the plumule stage, the clinal variation across the latitude of origins was observed within O. rufipogon and ssp. japonica, suggesting that the current pattern of variation seems to have been shaped by both their phylogenetic histories and on-going adaptation to the local environments. QTL analysis between O. sativa ssp. japonica (tolerant) and O. rufipogon (susceptible) revealed five putative QTLs for cold tolerance at the plumule and seedling stages but not at the germination stage. Substitution mapping was also carried out to precisely locate the two major QTLs for cold tolerance at the plumule stage, which could be used for improvement of tolerance to cold stress in ssp. indica.  相似文献   

Introns of the tobacco resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> play important roles in elicitor-responsive upregulation and efficient induction of defense responses     

Kazuo Taku  Nobumitsu Sasaki  Kenta Matsuzawa  Atsushi Okamura-Mukai  Hiroshi Nyunoya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):73-84

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Study of mechanical properties of wooden bolt-nut connector I: effect of size and shape of thread on withdrawal strength     

Koji Adachi  Katsuhiro Takehira  Tomoaki Soma  Masafumi Inoue 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):502-506

The withdrawal strength of a bolt-nut connector made from wood-based material was evaluated. The thread strength of the wooden bolt-nut connector was tested to select various parameters of the connector and the type of wood material; the wood materials tested were hard maple, white oak, ebony, glue-laminated bamboo, and densified Japanese cedar. A plane model of wooden threads with various thread angles was also evaluated. The results showed that the maximum failure load of the thread increased with increasing bolt density and connection area, which was calculated from the diameter of the bolt and the thickness of the nut. The withdrawal resistance after reaching the maximum load underwent a graded decrease because the bolt threads were broken one by one. In addition, the thread strength depended on the thread angle. In the model with a thread angle of 90°, compressive deformation in the transverse direction occurred prior to shear deformation along the root of the threads; the model with this thread angle thus had higher strength than those with other angles.  相似文献   

Yield-enhancing and tuber-downsizing effects of transplantation cultivation method of case-held tuber seedlings in the sweet potato cultivar Beniharuka     

Katsuki Adachi  Masaaki Omine  Mitsuho Sugimoto  Takanori Ishii  Hiroshi Niimi  Takayuki Suzuki 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):125-131

We developed transplantation cultivation method of case-held tuber seedlings (CTS), which was derived from direct planting method of seed tubers, and applied this method to the sweet potato cultivar Beniharuka. A plastic case made of polypropylene was designed for cultivation of CTS. Seed tubers of cultivar Beniharuka in the range of 30–80 g were cut in half. The half-cut tubers were placed inside the plastic cases, and the cases were filled with a commercial soil mix. The case-held tubers were incubated under natural sunlight in a glass house. After 3–4 wk, the CTS were transplanted into a field. Mother tuber (seed tuber) enlargement was suppressed by the plastic confinement of the cases, and daughter tubers were formed above the case as vine-root-originated tubers. In the field experiments in 2012 and 2013, daughter tuber yields were increased 19% and 21% by case-held tuber seedling transplanting (CTST) over conventional vine-planting (VP), the number of daughter tubers per plant in CTST were 36 and 68% higher than in VP, and the mother tuber yields were limited to 2.1 and 4.3% of the total fresh yield of mother and daughter tubers, respectively in 2012 and 2013. Application of CTST method to cultivar Beniharuka enhanced tuber yield, increased the number of daughter tubers per plant, downsized daughter tubers compared to VP, and mother tuber enlargement was suppressed by case-holding. The CTST method is expected to produce more and smaller good in shape tubers of cultivar Beniharuka compared to VP.  相似文献   

Effects of duration and combination of drought and flood conditions on leaf photosynthesis,growth and sugar content in sugarcane     

Thanankorn Jaiphong  Jun Tominaga  Kenta Watanabe  Mai Nakabaru  Hiroo Takaragawa  Ryuichi Suwa 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(3):427-437

Global climate change will result in extreme environments, such as droughts and floods. We investigated the individual and combined effects of droughts and floods of varying duration on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) growth using a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions with the following six treatments: drought for 15 d, prolonged drought for 30 d, flood for 15 d, prolonged flood for 30 d, short flood followed by prolonged drought, and prolonged flood followed by prolonged drought. Plants that were subjected to drought conditions, including drought after a flood, had reduced CO₂ assimilation (through stomatal closure) and leaf areas, whereas flood conditions showed no effect. During flooding, some roots died, and adventitious roots with well-developed aerenchyma appeared from the submerged nodes. At the time of harvest, there were no significant differences in stem fresh weight, sucrose content, or sugar yield between the treatments. However, ion content analysis revealed that flood conditions caused an accumulation of sodium in the bottom of stems and adventitious roots. Therefore, under flood conditions, plants may develop adventitious roots, which may offset the negative effects of root death, helping them to maintain their growth and yield.  相似文献   

Dietary phosphatidylinositol prevents the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Zucker (fa/fa) rats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shirouchi B  Nagao K  Inoue N  Furuya K  Koga S  Matsumoto H  Yanagita T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(7):2375-2379

Recent studies have shown that dietary phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, have various beneficial biological effects. However, there are not enough data concerning the physiological function of dietary phosphatidylinositol (PI). The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, is a widespread and increasingly prevalent disease in industrialized countries. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD describes the spectrum of liver damage ranging from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, and it is emerging as the most common liver disease worldwide. The present study examined whether dietary PI protects Zucker ( fa/ fa) rats from the metabolic syndrome. For 4 weeks, rats were fed semisynthetic diets containing either 7% soybean oil or 5% soybean oil plus 2% PI. Dietary PI markedly prevented the development of hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis and lowered hepatic injury markers in serum. Additionally, hyperinsulinemia was relieved by the feeding of dietary PI in Zucker rats. These effects were attributable to an increase in serum adiponectin, enhancement of fatty acid beta-oxidation, and suppression of mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in the liver. This is the first report that dietary PI increases serum adiponectin level and prevents the development of NAFLD in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome.  相似文献