Non‐fish meal,non‐fish oil diet development for red sea bream,Pagrus major,with plant protein and graded levels of Schizochytrium sp.: Effect on growth and fatty acid composition     

Taekyoung Seong  Renato Kitagima  Yutaka Haga  Shuichi Satoh 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1173-1185

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimal formulation level of algae meal, which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in a non‐fish meal diet. Six iso‐nitrogenous (450 g/kg) and iso‐lipidic (130 g/kg) experimental diets were prepared. The control diet was formulated with fish meal (400 g/kg), fish oil (60 g/kg), plant protein sources (220 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (50 g/kg). Plant protein sources (soy protein concentrate, soybean meal and corn gluten meal), rapeseed and fish oil were formulated in the second diet (NFM + FO). In the third diet, fish oil of the NFM + FO diet was replaced by rapeseed oil (NFM + NFO) and designated as the negative control. In the other three diets, rapeseed oil in the NFM + NFO diet was replaced with algae meal (Schizochytrium sp. powder) at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg (AM5, AM10 and AM15, respectively). Triplicate groups of juvenile red sea bream (8.8 g) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks near satiation. The growth was lowest in the fish fed NFM + NFO diet. This was improved by the formulation of algae meal, which reached the growth level of the NFM + FO group in the AM10 group. The lipid content of the whole fish body in the NFM + NFO group was significantly lower than those of other groups. The fatty acid profile showed significant differences among dietary treatments. DHA content in total and polar lipids of the whole body and liver was highest in the AM10 and AM15 groups. These results reconfirm that microalgae are a suitable lipid source for the replacement of dietary fish oil for marine fish, and the optimal level was estimated as 50 g/kg?100 g/kg in diet.  相似文献   

Cloning and nutritional regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturase and elongase of a marine teleost,the nibe croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nibea mitsukurii</Emphasis>     

Yoji Yamamoto  Naoki Kabeya  Yutaka Takeuchi  Alimuddin  Yutaka Haga  Shuichi Satoh  Toshio Takeuchi  Goro Yoshizaki 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):463-472

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Real‐time quantification of the immune gene expression in rainbow trout fed different forms of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus     

Akshaya Panigrahi  Kiron Viswanath  Suichi Satoh 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):906-917

Whether it is better to use viable or non‐viable probionts in aquaculture is still a matter of debate. In this study, the molecular immunomodulation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by viable or killed forms of the probiont Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136 was investigated. Three forms of this probiont: (1) heat‐killed (HK), (2) live spray (LI) and (3) freeze‐dried (FD) were incorporated into a basal (control) diet for rainbow trout O. mykiss. The LI and FD diets are referred to as viable diets. A rearing trial, in triplicate, was conducted for 30 days, with the control and probiotic diets as treatments. The cytokine genes such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF), transforming growth factor (TGF‐β), interferon (IFN) and immune gene Immunoglobulin (Ig) found in tissues from the kidney and spleen were assessed for their expression pattern by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The tested immune genes were up‐regulated in the treatment groups, sometimes even in many folds like in the case of the Ig gene. The TNF gene was found to be highly (P<0.05) up‐regulated (5000‐fold) in groups fed both viable forms (LI, FD). With regard to the TGF‐β gene, the spleen of the HK and FD groups showed significant up‐regulation of 20‐ and 30‐folds respectively. The IFN gene was up‐regulated (P<0.05) in all treatments, but more in the viable diet treatments. Kidney and spleen tissues showed similar expression patterns, i.e. all of these genes were up‐regulated more with the viable diets that with the control, and in most cases, the viable diets induced a higher expression of the immune genes than the HK diet.  相似文献   

Otolith microstructure of brown sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini</Emphasis>: validation of daily ring formation and the occurrence of microstructure denoting metamorphosis     

Mikimasa Joh  Taihei Matsuda  Nobukazu Satoh  Nobuyuki Tanaka  Yoshiyuki Ueda 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):773-783

Brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini larvae and juveniles were reared to validate daily otolith ring formation. At 15°C, a check (a distinct ring) formed on the sagittae and lapilli at 6 days after hatching, and clear increments regularly formed outside the check. For both otoliths, the relationship between the number of days after hatching and number of increments was linear, and the slope of the line was approximately 1; therefore, daily formation was validated. At 12°C, the check formed on the lapillus 8 days after hatching. Accessory primordia (AP) began forming on the sagittae of metamorphosing larvae, and the shape of the sagittae became complicated. AP were not formed on the lapillus; concentric rings were formed throughout larval and juvenile stages. Wide and obscure increments formed on the lapilli during metamorphosis (metamorphosing zone, MZ). Based on MZ, concentric rings that have formed on the lapilli of juveniles can be separated into larval and juvenile rings. The morphs of large juveniles’ lapilli were bilaterally asymmetric, and the blind-side lapilli were most suitable for otolith microstructure analysis. This study provides fundamental information for otolith microstructure analysis in wild brown sole.  相似文献   

Genome size distribution in phylum Cnidaria     

Kenta Adachi  Hiroshi Miyake  Takashi Kuramochi  Kanta Mizusawa  Sei-ichi Okumura 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(1):107-112

Cnidarians are considered ancestral metazoans and, therefore, are important taxa for studying animal evolution. However, little is known about the group’s genome size (C value), which is an important parameter in whole-genome sequencing. To address this issue, we measured the C values of 27 cnidarian species from Japan, using flow cytometry, and found that they ranged from 0.26 to 3.56 pg. Excluding the results for Agalma elegans and Physalia physalis (order Siphonophorae), which had the highest C values among the species included in the present study, the C values for the cnidarians were 0.26–1.49 pg. In particular, we found that hydrozoans possessed relatively large and wide-ranging C values, indicating that evolution within the group involved considerable gains or losses of genomic content. Overall, the C values reported in the present study could be valuable for whole-genome sequencing, using next-generation sequencers, and for future research in cytogenetics.  相似文献   

Foliar disease resistant and productive mutants from the introgression lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)     

Pushpesh Joshi  Mangesh P. Jadhav  Kenta Shirasawa  Arati Yadawad  Ramesh S. Bhat 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(1):148-155

With an objective of developing the induced mutants for superior productivity and resistance to foliar diseases in peanut, two introgression lines (IL-3 and IL-4) derived from ABK genomes of peanut were subjected to gamma and sodium azide mutagenesis. Evaluation of M₁, M₂ and M₃ generations could identify foliar disease resistant and productive mutants. Large-scale evaluation of M₄ mutants during the rainy season of 2017 confirmed the superiority of 12 mutants over the respective parents and the best check (GPBD 4). The selected mutants were resistant to leaf spots (early and late) and rust diseases, and significantly more productive than the parents and GPBD 4. ddRAD-Sequencing of these mutants identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to their parents. The genes harbouring these structural mutations were also identified. However, no copy number variations (CNVs) were observed between the mutants and the parents. The selected mutants carried resistant-type alleles at the marker loci linked to foliar disease resistance. These promising mutants (M₈) are currently under initial trials of variety development for commercial release.  相似文献