The effect of plasma treatment on mechanical properties,surface roughness and durability of plywood treated with copper-based wood preservatives     

Ali Temiz  Selcuk Akbas  Ismail Aydin  Cenk Demirkir 《Wood Science and Technology》2016,50(1):179-191

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Potential decrease of grass tetany risk in rangelands combining N and K fertilization with MgO treatments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Aydin  F. Uzun 《European Journal of Agronomy》2008,29(1):33-37

The most practical and effective method to increase dry matter production in rangelands is by adequate fertilization. N and K fertilizers have commonly been used worldwide to increase yield in rangelands. Fertilizers have a significant effect on mineral concentration in the forage. Risk of tetany, causing yield decrease and death in cattle, increases by feeding forage with a ratio of K/(Ca + Mg) ≥ 2.2. The fertilizers containing N and K are the most important factors increasing K/(Ca + Mg) ratio in forages. The present study has aimed to determine whether the tetany risks caused by K and N fertilization may be compensated by Mg fertilization. For this purpose, N (0 and 120 kg ha⁻¹), K (0 and 100 kg ha⁻¹) and Mg (0 and 30 kg ha⁻¹) were applied as combinations of each other. Each plot was separated into three sub-plots sampled on 25 April, 15 May and 5 June to determine Ca, Mg, K concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratio.In this 2-year study, dry matter production in the control plot was 2064 kg ha⁻¹ and nitrogen application increased the dry matter production of the plots by about 100%. Dry weight ratios of grasses increased while legume dry weight ratios decreased drastically in response to N fertilization. An increase was observed in K/(Ca + Mg) ratio with N fertilization due to the fact that legumes have higher concentrations of Ca and Mg than grasses. K fertilization resulted in an approximately 30% increase of K concentration in dry matter. K/(Ca + Mg) ratio in plots where N and K were applied separately was lower than 2.2. However, K/(Ca + Mg) ratio in plots to which N and K were applied in combination was over 2.2, resulting in tetany risk. It is interesting to determine that Mg fertilization did not change Mg concentration in pasture. It was noted that tetany risk did not decrease with the advance of harvest dates. The results indicated that tetany risk caused by N and K fertilizations could not be compensated by Mg treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that fertilization programmes avoiding legume decrease in rangelands may be useful to prevent the tetany risk.  相似文献   

Effects of chloride and partial substitution of reduced forms of nitrogen for nitrate in nutrient solution on the nitrate,total nitrogen,and chloride contents of onion     

A. Inal  Aydin Günes  Mehmet Aktas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2219-2227

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chloride (Cl) and reduced forms of nitrogen (N) on the nitrate (NO₃), total N, and Cl concentrations in onion (Allium cepa L.) plants using a non‐recirculating nutrient film growing system. The reference treatment was a nutrient solution containing 19 mM NO₃ and 1.25 mM ammonium (NH₄). The results from this treatment were compared with that obtained using mixed amino acid, urea, and glycine treatments with or without additional Cl (10 mM) in which 20% of the NO₃ in the reference treatment was substituted with one of these reduced forms of N. Fresh and dry weights of the onion plants were not affected by the treatments. The NO₃ content was considerably lower in the mixed amino acid treatment, being 4236 mg NO₃/kg FW as compared to either the reference, urea, or glycine treatments. The NO₃ contents of the plants in these treatments were 5393, 5339, and 5261 mg NO₃/kg FW, respectively. The presence of Cl in the nutrient solution also reduced the NO₃ content of the plants from 5816 to 4299 mg NO₃/kg FW. The reduced‐N treatments increased the total N contents of the plants. The Cl content of the plants was increased by the Cl supplied and by the reduced forms of N in the nutrient solution.  相似文献   

Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by a soil containing magnesite     

Berrin Ziyadanoğullari  Firat Aydin  Işil Aydin  Hasan Bingöl 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4-5):371-376

Removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solution by a soil containing magnesite and thermal activated soil containing magnesite was investigated. Maximum activation temperature was determined at 700°C for 2?h and maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 4.20?mg/g for natural magnesite, 38.91?mg/g for thermal activated magnesite at 25°C respectively. Equilibrium contact time of cadmium was determined for 2?h. Adsorption of Cd (II) on soil containing magnesite conforms to Langmuir's isotherm.  相似文献   

The effect of zinc (Zn) application on uptake of cadmium (Cd) in some cereal species     

Aydin Adiloglu 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):553-556

It is widely accepted that plants absorb more Cd when they suffer from Zn deficiency, as the Zn deficiency is a critical problem in the world. The effect of increased Cadmium (Cd) application (0 and 15 mg kg^-1 Cd) on growing and Cd concentration in some cereal species was investigated at the increasing rate of Zinc (Zn) applications (0 and 15 mg kg^-1 Zn). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a Zn deficient soil. According to the results, that increased Cd applications severely reduced dry matter production of plants. Dry matter production decreased in the following order: bread wheat > oat > maize > barley. These decreases were determined to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). Cd concentration of cereal species increased with the application of increasing rate of Cd, with a similar trend to that of the dry matter. Dry matter production of plants increased and Cd concentrations of plants decreased with the application of increasing rate of Zn. These results show that Cd accumulation of plant increase in Zn deficient soils. Cd accumulation in plants is hindered with the application of Zn.  相似文献   

QTL analysis and regression model for estimating fruit setting in young Citrus trees based on molecular markers     

Osman Gulsen  Aydin Uzun  Ubeyit Seday  Gucer Kafa 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

This study was conducted to assess the genetic basis and develop a regression model for a QTL trait, fruit setting of a full sib population of 164 hybrids obtained between ‘Clementine’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Clementine) and ‘Orlando’ tangelo’ (Citrus paradisi Macf. ‘Duncan’ × C. reticulata Blanco ‘Dancy’). Fruit setting of a 164 full sib population field-planted in 2007 was evaluated by visual counting of fruits in 2008, 2009, and 2010. We estimated linkage groups and effects of QTLs by using MapQTL5. Based on interval mapping, seven linkage groups of the maternal and eight linkage groups of the paternal maps harboured QTLs of the fruits setting, covering a total 300 of 1744 cM Citrus map. Only three segments were associated with all three-year data (one in ‘Clementine’ and two in ‘Orlando’ map) spanning 60 cM of 1744 cM of Citrus linkage map. Twenty-seven (17%) and 13 (8%) hybrids consistently produced less than 5 fruits and the highest number of fruits (≥50) in their 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ages. Based on BACKWARD elimination procedure of PROC REG option nested in SAS program, regression models constructed for 2008, 2009, and 2010s fruit setting explained 35, 81, and 38% of the total phenotypic variation (R²) observed in the 164 full-sib hybrids, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). This study indicated that early fruit setting was a complex trait affected by many QTLs and the regression model developed in this study might be used to predict performances of hybrids with similar genetic background.  相似文献   

Potential of willow and its genetically engineered associated bacteria to remediate mixed Cd and toluene contamination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nele Weyens  Kerim Schellingen  Bram Beckers  Jolien Janssen  Reinhart Ceulemans  Daniel van der Lelie  Safiyh Taghavi  Robert Carleer  Jaco Vangronsveld 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(1):176-188

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate if bacteria with beneficial properties that were isolated from willow growing on a metal-contaminated site can be further equipped with genes coding for a specific degradation pathway to finally obtain transconjugants that can be inoculated in willow to improve phytoremediation efficiency of mixed contaminations.

Materials and methods

Cultivable rhizosphere bacteria and root endophytes were isolated from willow (cv. Tora) growing on a metal-contaminated soil. All isolated strains were tested for their metal resistance and potential to promote plant growth. The two most promising strains were selected and were equipped with the pTOM plasmid coding for toluene degradation. Both transconjugants were inoculated separately and combined in willow cuttings exposed to mixed Cd–toluene contamination, and their effect on phytotoxicity, Cd uptake, and toluene evapotranspiration was evaluated.

Results and discussion

Many of the isolated strains tested positive for the production of siderophores, organic acids, and indole acetic acid (IAA) and showed increased Cd resistance. The Cd-resistant, siderophore-producing rhizosphere strain Burkholderia sp. HU001 and the Cd-resistant root endophyte Pseudomonas sp. HU002, able to produce siderophores, organic acids, and IAA, were selected as receptors for conjugation with the toluene-degrading Burkholderia vietnamiensis BU61 as a donor of the pTOM-TCE plasmid. Although inoculation with the individual transconjugant strains had no effect on plant growth and negatively affected Cd uptake, their combined inoculation resulted in an increased shoot biomass upon Cd–toluene exposure did not affect Cd uptake and strongly reduced evapotranspiration of toluene to the atmosphere.

Conclusions

In this study, inoculation of willow with a consortium of plant-associated bacteria equipped with the appropriate characteristics resulted in an improved phytoremediation of a mixed Cd–toluene contamination: the degradation of toluene was improved leading to a decreased toxicity and evapotranspiration, while Cd uptake and translocation were not affected.  相似文献   

Silicon Increases Tolerance to Boron Toxicity and Reduces Oxidative Damage in Barley     

Ali Inal  David J. Pilbeam  Aydin Gunes 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):112-128

ABSTRACT

Silicon (Si) protects plants from multiple abiotic and biotic stresses The effect of exogenous Si levels (50, 75, and 100 mg kg^?1) on the growth, boron (B) and Si uptake, lipid peroxidation (MDA), lipoxygenase activity (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12), proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, EC 1.15.1.1; catalase, CAT, EC 1.11.1.6 and ascorbate peroxidase, APX, EC 1.11.1.11) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Increasing levels of Si supplied to the soil with 20 mg kg^?1 B counteracted the deleterious effects of B on shoot growth. Application of B significantly increased the B concentration in barley plants. However, Si application decreased B concentrations. Increasing application of Si increased the Si concentration in barley plants. The concentration of H₂O₂ was increased by B toxicity but decreased by Si supply. Boron toxicity decreased proline concentrations and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and LOX activity of barley. Compared with control plants, the activities of AA, SOD, CAT, and APX in B stressed plants grown without Si decreased, and application of Si increased their activities under toxic B conditions. The LOX activity was decreased by Si. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates B toxicity by possibly preventing oxidative membrane damage, both through lowering the uptake of B and by increasing tolerance to excess B within the tissues.  相似文献   

Pathological effects of Arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)     

Yildiz H  Aydin S 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2006,54(2):191-199

Arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40 healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 degrees C. The lethal dosage of 50% end point (LD50) for A. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 x 10(4) viable cells. Experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swollen intestines. The counts of A. cryaerophilus in kidney, liver and gills of experimentally infected fish ranged from 1.59 x 10(10) colony forming units (cfu)/g to 7.41 x 10(12) cfu/g. The means of erythrocyte (RBC) count, haematocrit level, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and total protein concentrations in the blood of the experimentally infected rainbow trout group were significantly lower than in the healthy fish. Leukocyte (WBC) counts of the experimentally infected rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of healthy fish. The present work shows that the selected blood characteristics may be good indicators of response to infections in rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Effects of curcumin on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the late phase of experimental acute pancreatitis   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Gulcubuk A  Altunatmaz K  Sonmez K  Haktanir-Yatkin D  Uzun H  Gurel A  Aydin S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(1):49-54

Summary Inflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated to play an important role in the induction and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in the recent studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in the late phase of AP. The study was conducted on 40 male Wistar Albino rats. The animals were divided randomly into four equal groups. AP was induced by the infusion of 3% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct (in groups I and II). Starting on day 20 prior to the induction of AP, rats in group I received daily dose of 100 mg/kg of curcumin, dissolved in 9% ethanol via an intragastric tube. The same procedure was repeated for 6 days following the onset of AP. Group III was infused only on saline solution. Group IV (curcumin control group) received 9% ethanol via an intragastric tube, during the experimental period (totally 26 days). All the animals were sacrificed on day 6 after the collection of blood samples and serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were determined. Tissue samples were taken from pancreas, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, spleen and the kidneys for histopathological evaluation. Serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in the group, which received curcumin (group I), were determined to be significantly lower than those of the untreated group (group II) (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of total histopathological scores in the treatment group versus untreated group. Curcumin has been shown to markedly reduce serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in the late phase of AP, but failed in the prevention of tissue injury.  相似文献