Effects of fasting and refeeding on structures of the intestinal villi and epithelial cells in White Leghorn hens     

K. Yamauchi  H. Kamisoyama  Y. Isshiki 《British poultry science》1996,37(5):909-921

1. The fine structural alterations of villi and epithelial cells in each part of the small intestine were investigated in layer‐type hens fasted for 12 h to 20 d or refed for one day after each fasting period.

2. Within the first 24‐h‐fasting, villi of the duodenum showed a remarkable reduction in height and those of the jejunum revealed a gradual decrease; such a significant reduction of the villus height was not obtained in the ileum. After 36‐h‐fasting, villus height in each part gradually decreased with days of fasting.

3. All intestinal villus heights increased after only 1‐d‐refeeding of various kinds of diets following 3‐, 10‐, or 20‐d‐fasting. The duodenum especially rapidly recovered even after long‐term fasting of 20 d but the ileum showed very slow recovery, suggesting that the ileum seems to be inactive in absorptive function.

4. These variable alterations of villus height in the proximal intestine suggest that the higher intestinal absorptive ability is under the normal feeding, the more rapidly villus height is influenced by nutritional conditions.

5. Cell area and cell mitosis decreased after fasting, the latter showing a marked reduction. However, in spite of a remarkable decrease of cell mitosis in the proximal intestine after fasting, refeeding activated cell renewal and it soon reached control levels, demonstrating that the villus height mainly varied with the numbers of epithelial cells.

6. In the epithelial cells of the proximal intestine in chickens fasted for 20 d, large lysosomal autophagous vacuoles including mitochondria and dense bodies were observed. These were reduced in size by refeeding for only one day, suggesting that fasting may cause intracellular digestion through lysosomal autophagy.

7. These results lead to the conclusion that long‐term fasting for force moulting is possible, that a high protein and high energy diet can be fed immediately after fasting and that a cell undergoing lysosomal autophagy in normal chickens indicates undernutrition.  相似文献   

Studies on the vascular supply of the bovine uterus. 2. Morphological study of arteries of the uterine wall with special reference to those in the caruncular region     

S Yamauchi  F Sasaki 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1968,30(4):207-217

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A histological study on oviducts and uteri of aged cows     

S Yamauchi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1964,26(2):107-114

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Fluorescein sodium‐guided resection of intracranial lesions in 22 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Yukiko Nakano BVSc  Kohei Nakata BVSc  Sanae Shibata BVSc  PhD  Yasuhiro Heishima BVSc  Hidetaka Nishida BVSc  PhD  Hiroki Sakai BVSc  PhD  Hirohito Yano MD  PhD  Hiroaki Kamishina BVSc  MS  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(2):302-309

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The final stages of dog rabies elimination from Japan     

Yusuke Kamata  Kageaki Tojinbara  Katie Hampson  Kohei Makita 《Zoonoses and public health》2023,70(1):1-12

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Raman spectroscopic study on the behavior of boric acid in wood     

Shigeru Yamauchi  Shuichi Doi 《Journal of Wood Science》2003,49(3):227-234

 Raman spectra of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) treated by vacuum impregnation with aqueous boric acid solutions (8.1 × 10⁻² to 7.29 × 10⁻¹ mol dm⁻³) were recorded using a near-infrared laser as an excitation source. Raman spectroscopic measurements were carried out on treated wood blocks of two sizes: 20(T) × 20(R) × 5(L) mm (A-type) and 15(T) × 15(R) × 50(L) mm (B-type). Our attention was focused on a prominent band (ν ₁) assigned to a symmetrical stretching vibration of the BO₃ group because no Raman band due to boron species was observed except bands of B(OH)₃. We observed a change in ν ₁ band intensity with increasing boric acid concentration in the aqueous solution used to treat the A-type wood blocks and investigated the correlation between the intensity and the peak-top wavenumber. Raman line maps in the longitudinal direction of the treated B-type wood blocks revealed that B(OH)₃ is concentrated near the cut ends. These results suggested that two groups of B(OH)₃ exist in wood in terms of the chemical species in the nearest neighbor sphere. Received: March 11, 2002 / Accepted: June 26, 2002  相似文献   

Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species     

Anita Firmanti  Efendi Tri Bachtiar  Surjono Surjokusumo  Kohei Komatsu  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):339-347

Some reports have shown that for single species the correlation between modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending is quite high. Tropical timbers consist of hundreds of species that are difficult to identify. This report deals with the mechanical stress grading of tropical timber regardless of species. Nine timber species or groups of species with a total number of 1094 pieces measuring 60 × 120 × 3000 mm, were tested in static bending. The MOE was measured flat wise, while MOR was tested edge wise. Statistical analysis of linear regression with a dummy model and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the role of MOE and the effect of species on prediction of MOR. The analysis showed that using MOE as a single predictor caused under/overestimation for one or more species and/or groups of species. The accuracy of prediction would be increased with species identification. An allowable stress and reference resistance for species and/or groups of species were provided to compare with the prediction of strength through timber grading. The timber strength class for species and/or groups of species was also established to support the application of mechanical timber grading.  相似文献   

On mechanical behavior of traditional timber shear wall in Taiwan II: simplified calculation and experimental verification     

Wen-Shao Chang  Min-Fu Hsu  Kohei Komatsu  Wei-Jye Chen 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):24-30

In the previous report of this ongoing study, results of an extensive field survey were collated and a theoretical model was proposed to predict the mechanical behavior of timber shear walls of traditional design in Taiwan. The initial objective of the present report was to propose a simplified calculation method for estimating the initial stiffness and yield strength of traditional timber shear walls. Based on the results of the field survey, a total of 15 full-scale specimens were tested to verify the theoretical model and simplified calculation proposed previously. Good agreement was found from comparison of analytical and experimental results. The results of this study show that the friction behavior between board units and beams plays the major role in resisting the lateral force applied on the timber shear wall, followed by the resistance supplied by embedment. The resistance provided by bamboo nails is minor due to the small section. Another trend found was that for set dimensions of a timber shear wall, the board width can be increased to obtain higher stiffness and strength of the shear wall.  相似文献   

Formation of the thiocyanate conjugate of chlorogenic acid in coffee under acidic conditions in the presence of thiocyanate and nitrite: possible occurrence in the stomach     

Takahama U  Tanaka M  Oniki T  Hirota S  Yamauchi R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4169-4176

The objective of the present study was to elucidate how chlorogenic acid in coffee was transformed under acidic conditions simulating the mixture of saliva and gastric juice. When coffee was incubated in acidified saliva that contained nitrite and SCN-, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), four major components were detected. Two of the four components (components 3 and 4) were generated when chlorogenic acid was incubated in acidified saliva and when incubated in an acidic buffer solution in the presence of both nitrite and SCN-. By the incubation of chlorogenic acid in acidic nitrite in the absence of SCN-, components 3 and 4 were not formed but the quinone of chlorogenic acid and nitrated chlorogenic acid were formed. The result indicates that SCN- was indispensable for nitrous acid induced formation of components 3 and 4. Component 4 was isolated and its structure was determined to be (E)-5'-(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxobenzo[d] [1,3]oxathiol-4-yl)acryloyloxy)quinic acid. Component 3, which was suggested to be 2-thiocyanatochlorogenic acid, seemed to be formed by the reaction between SCN- and the quinone of chlorogenic acid. As it has been reported that the quinone of chlorogenic acid can react with thiols and can decompose producing H2O2, the formation of component 4 can reduce the toxic effects of the quinone of chlorogenic acid.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the immune responses of captive bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) being transported over long distances     

Noda K  Aoki M  Akiyoshi H  Asaki H  Ogata T  Yamauchi K  Shimada T  Ohashi F 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(26):885-888

Bovine lactoferrin was administered orally, in feed, to six bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) before they were transported for approximately six hours; their stress responses were compared with those of five untreated dolphins. During the journey the dolphins had an increased plasma concentration of cortisol, and lymphopenia, eosinopenia and mild neutrophilia, indicating a stress response. The administration of lactoferrin did not affect the function of the dolphins' polymorphonuclear leucocytes, but affected their leucogram by maintaining the number of circulating eosinophils.  相似文献