An AM fungus and a PGPR intensify the adverse effects of salinity on the stability of rhizosphere soil aggregates of Lactuca sativa     

Josef Kohler  Antonio Roldán 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(3):429-434

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to examine the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) and a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) (Pseudomonas mendocina Palleroni), alone or in combination, on the structural stability of the rhizosphere soil of Lactuca sativa L. grown under two levels of salinity. The plants inoculated with P. mendocina had significantly greater shoot biomass than the control plants at both salinity levels, whereas the mycorrhizal inoculation was only effective in increasing shoot biomass at the moderate salinity level. The aggregate stability of soils inoculated with the PGPR and/or G. mosseae significantly decreased with increasing saline stress (about 29% lower than those of soils under non-saline conditions). Only the inoculated soils showed higher concentrations of sodium (Na) under severe saline stress. The severe salinity stress decreased the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) concentration, but the highest values of GRSP were recorded in the inoculated soils. Our findings suggest that the use of AM fungi and/or a PGPR for alleviating salinity stress in lettuce plants could be limited by their detrimental effect on soil structural stability.  相似文献   

Concurrent porcine rotaviral and transmissible gastroenteritis viral infections in a three-day-old conventional pig.     

K W Theil  L J Saif  E H Bohl  A G Agnes  E M Kohler 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(5):719-721

A 3-day-old suckling pig with diarrhea was necropsied, and immunofluorescent microscopic examination of the small intestinal mucosa, together with immune electron microscopic examination of the large intestinal contents, provided a presumptive diagnosis of a concurrent infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus and porcine rotavirus. Immunofluorescent microscopic, immune electron microscopic, and serologic data obtained from gnotobiotic pigs experimentally inoculated with the large intestinal contents of the suckling pig confirmed this diagnosis. Two gnotobiotic pigs, convalescent from previous TGE viral infections, became infected with porcine rotavirus only. However, another gnotobiotic pig, convalescent from a previous porcine rotaviral infection, became infected with TGE virus only, following inoculation with the large intestinal contents of the suckling pig.  相似文献   

Stressfree nonlaying intervals in laying hens through the administration of Chlormadinoneacetate. 2     

K Rapp  W Kohler  V Schwan 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1974,81(1):11-18

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Studies of Escherichia Coli in Gnotobiotic Pigs: V. Evaluation of the Effects of Orål and Parenteral Administration of Immune Serum          下载免费PDF全文

E. M. Kohler 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1967,31(11):283-289

The effects of orally and/or parenterally administered immune serums were evaluated in 36 gnotobiotic pigs infected with an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Pigs were euthanatized at predetermined time intervals between 6 and 48 hours prostinfection. The results were evaluated on the basis of: 1) clinical observations, 2) necropsy observations, 3) counts of viable E. coli in segments of the small intestine, 4) attempts to isolate E. coli from the heart, liver, and bile, 5) microscopic examination of fixed intestinal sections to determine the location of E. coli and morphologic evidence of the host response, and 6) determination of the pH of the various portions portions of the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

Mares' milk composition as related to "foal heat" scours   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R H Johnston  L D Kamstra  P H Kohler 《Journal of animal science》1970,31(3):549-553

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Serologic response of swine to escherichia coli antigens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E M Kohler  R B Moore  S Smith 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(7):1419-1428

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Analgesic effect of butorphanol and levomethadone in detomidine sedated horses     

Schatzman U  Armbruster S  Stucki F  Busato A  Kohler I 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2001,48(6):337-342

The analgesic potency of butorphanol 25 microg/kg bodyweight (BW) and levomethadone 100 microg/kg BW, administered together with detomidine 10 microg/kg BW, was measured in twelve Warmblood horses in a randomized, blinded cross-over study. Detomidine with saline 10 ml 0.9% was used as placebo. The nociceptive threshold was determined using a constant current and a pneumatic pressure model for somatic pair Detomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol or levomethadone caused a significant temporary increase (P < 0.05) of the nociceptive threshold with a maximum effect within 15 min and a return to baseline levels within 90 min. Butorphanol and levomethadone increased the nociceptive threshold and prolonged the duration of anti-nociception significantly from 15 to 75 min (P < 0.05) after drug administration compared with detomidine alone to both test methods. No significant difference between butorphanol and levomethadone was registered. It is concluded that the addition of butorphanol or levomethadone to detomidine increases the nociceptive threshold to somatic pain and prolongs the analgesic effect of detomidine in the horse.  相似文献   

To What Extent Can Silviculture Enhance Sustainability of Forest Sites under the Immission Regime in Central Europe?     

Wilpert  K. v.  Zirlewagen  D.  Kohler  M. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,122(1-2):105-120

Stand structure and tree species composition influence not only the volume flux of soil water but also the concentration of dissolved minerals in the soil solution. We found much higher element fluxes under spruce than under beech stands. This is mainly caused by different activities of nitrate in the soil solution and by different deposition rates of nitrogen and acids from the atmosphere which were ±60% lower in beech stands than in spruce stands. In old spruce stands, the acid output with the seepage water was more or less equal to the input, whereas in beech stands most of the acid deposition was buffered. The nitrogen balance in beech stands was characterized by a net uptake of about 60% to 75% of the input. In spruce stands only 40% of the nitrogen input was incorporated. In a clear-cut, a high mobilization rate of nitrate was found in the first 5 years, resulting in nitrate concentrations above the threshold for drinking water quality. The cutting of even a single tree in a spruce stand caused heavy mineralization and nitrification for at least 2 years, which indicates that the system is near nitrogen saturation.  相似文献   

The Soil Skeleton as a Source for the Short-Term Supply of "Base Cations" in Forest Soils of the Black Forest (Germany)     

Kohler  M.  Wilpert  K. V.  Hildebrand  E. E. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,124(1-2):37-48

Ferrimagnetic minerals of anthropogenic origin derived from fossil-fuel combustion, appear not only in industrial areas but also in topsoils of areas remote from the main sources of pollution. Mineral magnetic studies of fly ashes emitted by power plants burning hard and brown coal and of soil profiles from some Polish national parks in different regions were carried out. Magnetic parameters of topsoils from national parks are quite similar to those in flyashes. Structure, shape, and magnetic granulometry of the magnetic particles in the fly ashes and in the magnetically enhanced uppermost organic soil horizons point to a common origin. This fact as well as the ability of ferrimagnetic minerals to be transported within dusts or aerosols suggest that ferrimagnetic particles of anthropogenic origin can be responsible also for magnetic enhancement in soils of areas remote from the main sources of their emission. Industrialdust deposition can be easily traced in these areas using magnetic methods, which are very sensitive, fast, and cheap. They can, and should, be used in the future as one of the routine methods of soil monitoring.  相似文献   

Hearing sounds,understanding actions: action representation in mirror neurons     

Kohler E  Keysers C  Umiltà MA  Fogassi L  Gallese V  Rizzolatti G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5582):846-848

Many object-related actions can be recognized by their sound. We found neurons in monkey premotor cortex that discharge when the animal performs a specific action and when it hears the related sound. Most of the neurons also discharge when the monkey observes the same action. These audiovisual mirror neurons code actions independently of whether these actions are performed, heard, or seen. This discovery in the monkey homolog of Broca's area might shed light on the origin of language: audiovisual mirror neurons code abstract contents-the meaning of actions-and have the auditory access typical of human language to these contents.  相似文献