Structure-function relationships of soybean proglycinins at subunit levels     

Prak K  Nakatani K  Katsube-Tanaka T  Adachi M  Maruyama N  Utsumi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3650-3657

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Studies on defatted seed removal efficiency for organochlorine compounds     

Adachi A  Komiyama T  Tanaka T  Nakatani M  Muguruma R  Okano T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(12):6158-6162

Defatted seeds were evaluated for effective adsorption of organochlorine compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and trichloroethylene. The amounts of these compounds adsorbed were plotted against the equilibrium concentration of substances in solution on a logarithmic scale. A linear relationship was obtained, indicating that the adsorption reactions were of the Freundlich type. The removal of these organochlorine compounds by defatted seed was attributed to the uptake by intracellular particles called spherosomes.  相似文献   

Alkaloids from the poisonous plant Ipomoea carnea: effects on intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in human lymphoblast cultures     

Ikeda K  Kato A  Adachi I  Haraguchi M  Asano N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7642-7646

There is natural intoxication of livestock by the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil and other parts of the world. The alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine, 2-epi-lentiginosine, and calystegines B(1), B(2), B(3), and C(1) have been identified as constituents of this plant. Swainsonine is a potent inhibitor of rat lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, with an IC(50) value of 0.02 microM, whereas calystegines B(1), B(2), and C(1) are potent inhibitors of rat lysosomal beta-glucosidase, with IC(50) values of 2.1, 0.75, and 0.84 microM, respectively. The action of swainsonine results in a lysosomal storage disorder that closely mimics alpha-mannosidosis in humans. To determine whether the toxicity of I. carnea to livestock is due to purely swainsonine or due to a combination of effects by swainsonine and calystegines, intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in normal human lymphoblasts grown with inhibitors in the medium were examined. Incubation of lymphoblasts with 0.1 microM swainsonine for 3 days resulted in approximately 60% reduction of alpha-mannosidase activity. On the other hand, calystegines B(2) and C(1) showed no inhibition of beta-glucosidase up to 1 mM; instead inclusion of calystegines B(2) and C(1) at 100 microM in the culture medium increased its activity by 1.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Calystegines B(2) and C(1) seem to act as chemical chaperones, enhancing correct folding of the enzyme and enabling smooth trafficking to the lysosome. The lysosomal beta-glucosidase inhibitory calystegines seem to have little risk of inducing intoxication of livestock.  相似文献   

Effects of designed sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds into soybean proglycinin on its structural stability and heat-induced gelation     

Adachi M  Chunying H  Utsumi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(18):5717-5723

The gel-forming ability of glycinin is one of soybean's most important functional properties. The proglycinin A1aB1b homotrimer was engineered to introduce sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds, and their effects on the structural stability and the heat-induced gelation were evaluated. On the basis of the crystal structure, five mutants were designed and prepared: R161C and F163C forming an interprotomer disulfide bond with the inherent free cysteine residue of Cys377, N116C/P248C forming a new intraprotomer disulfide bond, and N116C and P248C introducing a new sulfhydryl group. Mutants of R161C, F163C, and N116C/P248C formed a new disulfide bond as expected. N116C/P248C was significantly more stable than the wild type against chemical and thermal denaturation and more resistant to alpha-chymotrypsin digestion, whereas F163C showed significantly increased thermal stability. All mutants exhibited greater hardness of heat-induced gels than wild type, and in particular, N116C/P248C gave the hardest gel. This result indicates that it is possible to increase hardness of glycinin gel by introduction of cysteine residues using protein engineering.  相似文献   

Developmental ability of somatic cell nuclear transferred embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage or 16- to 32-cell stage in cattle     

Akagi S  Yamaguchi D  Matsukawa K  Mizutani E  Hosoe M  Adachi N  Kubo M  Takahashi S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):500-506

Aggregation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in mice is reported to improve full-term development. In the present study, we attempted to improve the development of SCNT embryos by aggregation in cattle. In Experiment 1, to examine the effect of the timing of aggregation on in vitro development of cumulus-cell NT embryos, we aggregated two or three SCNT embryos (2X or 3X embryos) at the 1-cell, 8-cell and 16- to 32-cell stages. Irrespective of the timing of aggregation, 3X embryos developed to the blastocyst stage at a high rate. However, aggregation did not improve the total blastocyst formation rate of the embryos used. The cell numbers of 3X embryos aggregated at the 1-cell stage and 2X embryos tended to be higher than that of single NT embryos (1X embryos). Furthermore, a significant increase in cell number was observed in 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. In Experiment 2, we used fibroblast cells as nuclear donors and examined in vitro development of 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. As a result, 3X embryos had high blastocyst formation rates and higher cell numbers than 1X embryos, which was consistent with the results of Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we examined the full-term developmental ability of 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. After transfer of fibroblast-derived NT embryos into recipient animals, a significantly higher pregnancy rate was obtained on Day 60 in 3X embryos than in 1X embryos. Two embryos aggregated at 8-cell stage and one embryo aggregated at the 16- to 32-cell stage developed to term, while no pregnancies derived from 1X embryos that lasted to Day 60. However, two of the cloned calves were stillborn. These results suggest that aggregation of the 8-cell stage or 16- to 32-cell stage SCNT embryos may improve the pregnancy rate, but that it cannot reduce the high incidence of fetal loss and stillbirth, which is often observed in bovine SCNT.  相似文献   

A distinct signaling pathway used by the IgG-containing B cell antigen receptor     

Wakabayashi C  Adachi T  Wienands J  Tsubata T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5602):2392-2395

The immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing B lymphocyte antigen receptor (IgG-BCR) transmits a signal distinct from that of IgM-BCR or IgD-BCR, although all three use the same signal-transducing component, Igalpha/Igbeta. Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory coreceptor CD22 down-modulates signaling through IgM-BCR and IgD-BCR, but not that through IgG-BCR, because of the IgG cytoplasmic tail, which prevents CD22 phosphorylation. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IgG specifically enhances IgG-BCR signaling by preventing CD22-mediated signal inhibition. Enhanced signaling through IgG-BCR may be involved in efficient IgG production, which is crucial for immunity to pathogens.  相似文献   

Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takeda K  Takeuchi O  Tsujimura T  Itami S  Adachi O  Kawai T  Sanjo H  Yoshikawa K  Terada N  Akira S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,284(5412):313-316

The gene encoding inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) kinase alpha (IKKalpha; also called IKK1) was disrupted by gene targeting. IKKalpha-deficient mice died perinatally. In IKKalpha-deficient fetuses, limb outgrowth was severely impaired despite unaffected skeletal development. The epidermal cells in IKKalpha-deficient fetuses were highly proliferative with dysregulated epidermal differentiation. In the basal layer, degradation of IkappaB and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were not observed. Thus, IKKalpha is essential for NF-kappaB activation in the limb and skin during embryogenesis. In contrast, there was no impairment of NF-kappaB activation induced by either interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IKKalpha-deficient embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes, indicating that IKKalpha is not essential for cytokine-induced activation of NF-kappaB.  相似文献   

Effect of Application of Rice Straw and Cellulose on Methane Emission and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in a Subtropical Paddy Field     

Gbade Oyediran  Katsuki Adachi  Toshihiro Senboku 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):701-711

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of rice straw and cellulose on methane flux, soil-acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and rice plant growth under a subtropical climate. Rice straw and cellulose (as paper) were applied at the rates of 4 and 10 t ha^-1. Emission rates of CH₄ from the paddy field without and with straw and cellulose amendments were measured by using the closed chamber method. Stimulation of N₂-fixation by the amendments was measured as soil-ARA under anaerobic conditions. The measurements indicated that the application of 10 t ha^-1 cellulose resulted in a relatively high emission of CH₄, with an average flux of 106.7 mg CH₄ m^-2 h^-1, followed by 10 t ha^-1 straw, 51.7 mg m^-2 h^-1, compared with the control, 5.3 mg m^-2 h^-1. Application of straw and cellulose at the rate of 10 t ha^-1 to the paddy field increased the CH₄ emission 10 and 21 fold over the values of the control, respectively as estimated seasonal emissions. The soil-ARA levels in the treatments during the cultivation period were positive. The stimulation of ARA by the amendment with 10 t ha^-1 cellulose occurred at the early stage of rice growth, while the maximum ARA-peak occurred in the 10 t ha^-1 straw-amended soil at around the heading stage. Amendment with straw at 10 t ha^-1 significantly increased the total dry matter weight of rice, whereas growth inhibition was induced by cellulose incorporation. The differences in CH₄ flux, and soil-ARA among the treatments were most evident at the heading stage.  相似文献   

Isolation and some properties of methane-oxidizing bacteria from a subtropical paddy field     

Dayéri Dianou  Bayani M. Espiritu  Katsuki Adachi  Toshihiro Senboku 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):735-740

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming. As an important source of methane, rice paddy fields contribute an estimated lO% to the global methane emissions (IPCe 1992). Land use and agricultural practices significantly affect atmospheric methane fluxes (Bouwman 1989; Hütsch et al. 1994). Microbial oxidation of atmospheric methane in terrestrial environments is the only known net biological methane sink and the process consumes the equivalent of 1–l0% of the total global emission (Adamsen and King 1993). Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB, methanotrophic bacteria) are considered to be obligately or facultatively aerobic respiratory bacteria that can utilize methane as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth (Hanson et al. 1992; Roslev and King 1994). As a result, they are important regulators of atmospheric methane fluxes in nature (Mancinelli 1995). MOB have been isolated from a variety of environments including freshwater lakes, wetlands, and the open ocean (Whittenbury et al. 197Gb; Saralov et al. 1984; Holzapfel-Pschorn et al. 1985; Hanson et al. 1992; Omelchenko et al. 1993; Bowman et al. 1993a; Mancinelli 1995). However, reports on the isolation of MOB from rice paddy fields are limited. More information is needed on the ecology and taxonomy of MOB in paddy fields.  相似文献   

Effects of rearing water quality on expression of brain corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadal development in goldfish (Carassius auratus)     

K. Nagano  T. Kawasaki  S. Ijiri  T. Todo  S. Adachi  K. Yamauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):437-438

The effects of changes in water quality in a recirculating system on brain corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in goldfish were examined. In the experimental group, fish were reared without water change, while in the control group, 50% of water was changed everyday. In the experimental group, total ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate and phosphate were increased over the experimental period. Brain CRH mRNA levels in the control group seemed higher than those in the experimental group, but differences were confounded by variation among individuals. There were no differences in gonadal development between both groups.  相似文献