Nitrogen and water use efficiency of zucchini squash for a plastic mulch bed system on a sandy soil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lincoln Zotarelli  Michael D. Dukes  Johannes M. Scholberg  Travis Hanselman  Kristen Le Femminella  Rafael Muñoz-Carpena 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an economically important vegetable crop in Florida. Typically, it is intensively managed with high inputs of fertiliser and irrigation water. Our objectives were to evaluate the interaction between fertilisation rates and irrigation treatments, and to quantify nitrate leaching in a plastic mulched/drip irrigated zucchini squash production systems. Three studies were carried out. The first study evaluated different depth placement of drip and fertigation lines on plant growth and fruit yield. Treatments included SUR (both irrigation and fertigation drip lines placed on the surface); S&S (both lines buried 0.15 m deep); and SDI (irrigation line placed 0.15 m below the fertigation line on the surface). The second and third studies compared three different N-rates and different soil moisture sensor-based irrigation strategies. Nitrate-N leaching was monitored by zero tension drainage lysimeters and soil samples. N leaching increased when irrigation and N-rates increased, with values ranging from 2 to 45 kg ha⁻¹ of N. Use of SDI increased yields by 16% compared to the S&S treatment, and reduced nitrate leaching by 93% while increasing the water use efficiency by 75% compared to a fixed 2-h irrigation event per day treatment. Application of N above the standard recommended rate of 145 kg ha⁻¹ did not increase yield, although yields were reduced at the lowest N-rate. The use of soil moisture sensors for automatic irrigation control reduced irrigation application and minimized nitrogen leaching. In addition, combining the soil moisture controlled SDI system that had surface applied fertigation resulted in similar or higher yields, while reducing both water use and potential N leaching because of improved nutrient retention in the root zone.  相似文献   

OUTCOMES AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CANINE SINONASAL TUMORS TREATED WITH CURATIVE INTENT CONE‐BASED STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY (1999–2013)          下载免费PDF全文

Lyndsay Kubicek  Rowan Milner  Qi An  Kelvin Kow  Myron Chang  Kristen Cooke  Leslie Fox  James Farese  Nicholas Bacon  David Lurie 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(3):331-340

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a relatively new therapeutic option in veterinary oncology. The role of this modality has not been extensively evaluated for the use in canine nasal tumors. The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe the clinical outcome and prognostic factors associated with survival times in a sample of canine patients treated with SRS for sinonasal tumors. Fifty‐seven dogs with sinonasal tumors met inclusion criteria. Histologic diagnoses included sarcoma (SA) (n = 9), carcinoma (CA) (n = 40), osteosarcoma (OSA) (n = 7), and round cell (n = 1). Four of 57 cases were treated twice with SRS. For these, the median and mean doses delivered were 30Gy and 33Gy, respectively (range 18.75Gy–56Gy). Late effects occurred in 23 cases and ranged from grades I–III. The median overall survival time was 8.5 months. The median overall survival times in dogs with tumor type of CA, SA, and OSA were 10.4, 10.7, and 3.1 months, respectively. Dogs with the tumor type of OSA had shorter overall survival time than that in dogs with tumor type of CA and SA. Findings from this retrospective study indicated that SRS may be beneficial for canine patients with sinonasal tumors, however a controlled clinical trial would be needed to confirm this. Prospective studies are also needed to better define the role of SRS as palliative or curative, and to further investigate the risk of clinically significant toxicity.  相似文献   

Defining colloid osmotic pressure and the relationship between blood proteins and colloid osmotic pressure in dairy cows and calves          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer L. Kish BSc  Sheila M. McGuirk DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Kristen R. Friedrichs DVM  DACVP  Simon F. Peek BVSc  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(5):675-681

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Effects of exurban development on trophic interactions in a desert landscape     

Kristen A. DaVanon  Lindsey K. Howard  Karen E. Mabry  Robert L. Schooley  Brandon T. Bestelmeyer 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(10):2343-2354

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol     

Ayako Oda  Kristen M. Messenger  Liliana Carbajal  Lysa P. Posner  Brett R. Gardner  Scott H. Hammer  Anthony J. Cerreta  Gregory A. Lewbart  Kate M. Bailey 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):529-538

Objective

To test the hypothesis that plasma propofol concentration (PPC) is associated with anesthetic effect in koi carp administered propofol by immersion.

Study design

Prospective study.

Animals

Twenty mature koi carp (mean ± standard deviation, 409.4 ± 83.7 g).

Methods

Fish were immersed in propofol (5 mg L^–1). Physiological variables and induction and recovery times were recorded. In phase I, blood was sampled for PPC immediately following induction and at recovery. In phase II, following induction, fish were maintained with propofol (4 mg L^–1) via a recirculating system for 20 minutes. Following established induction, blood was sampled at 1, 10 and 20 minutes. In phase III (n = 19), fish were anesthetized as in phase II with blood sampled nine times in a sparse sampling strategy. Simultaneously, a pharmacodynamics rubric was used to evaluate anesthetic depth. PPC was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Following evaluation of normality, data were analyzed using paired t test or Spearman correlation test (significance was set at p < 0.05).

Results

In phase I, mean PPCs at induction (20.12 μg mL^–1) and recovery (11.62 μg mL^–1) were different (p < 0.001). In phase II, only mean PPCs at induction (17.92 μg mL^–1) and 10 minutes (21.50 μg mL^–1) were different (p = 0.013). In phase III, a correlation between PPCs and the pharmacodynamic rubric scores was found (p < 0.001, r = –0.93). There was no correlation between PPCs and recovery time (p = 0.057, r = 0.433). A two-compartment open model was chosen for the pharmacokinetic model. Absorption rate constant, elimination rate constant and intercompartmental rate constant were 0.48, 0.006 and 0.02 minute^–1, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Measurable PPCs were achieved in koi carp anesthetized with propofol by immersion. Anesthetic depth of fish was negatively correlated with PPCs, but recovery time was not.  相似文献   

Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation     

Kristen M. Hart  Margaret M. Lamont  Ikuko Fujisaki  Anton D. Tucker  Raymond R. Carthy 《Biological conservation》2012,145(1):185-194

Designing conservation strategies that protect wide-ranging marine species is a significant challenge, but integrating regional telemetry datasets and synthesizing modeled movements and behavior offer promise for uncovering distinct at-sea areas that are important habitats for imperiled marine species. Movement paths of 10 satellite-tracked female loggerheads (Caretta caretta) from three separate subpopulations in the Gulf of Mexico, USA, revealed migration to discrete foraging sites in two common areas at-sea in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Foraging sites were 102–904 km away from nesting and tagging sites, and located off southwest Florida and the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Within 3–35 days, turtles migrated to foraging sites where they all displayed high site fidelity over time. Core-use foraging areas were 13.0–335.2 km² in size, in water <50 m deep, within a mean distance to nearest coastline of 58.5 km, and in areas of relatively high net primary productivity. The existence of shared regional foraging sites highlights an opportunity for marine conservation strategies to protect important at-sea habitats for these imperiled marine turtles, in both USA and international waters. Until now, knowledge of important at-sea foraging areas for adult loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico has been limited. To better understand the spatial distribution of marine turtles that have complex life-histories, we propose further integration of disparate tracking data-sets at the oceanic scale along with modeling of movements to identify critical at-sea foraging habitats where individuals may be resident during non-nesting periods.  相似文献   

Malignant mesenchymoma with widespread metastasis including bone marrow involvement in a dog     

Kristen M. Weishaar  Elijah F. Edmondson  Douglas H. Thamm  Christine S. Olver 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(3):447-452

A male castrated Golden Retriever was presented for evaluation of a large mass over the left shoulder extending to the lower part of the neck that had been present for an extended period of time, but had a recent history of rapid growth. Previous aspirates of the mass were consistent with a lipoma. The mass was surgically excised and was diagnosed as an extraskeletal osteosarcoma based on histopathology. After surgery, the dog was initiated on a chemotherapy protocol with carboplatin and metronomic cyclophosphamide. He became neutropenic, anemic, and thrombocytopenic 14 days after the carboplatin treatment was administered. The neutropenia resolved, but the anemia and thrombocytopenia progressed. A bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia with a predominance of early precursors, and a subset of cells that made up 20% of the total population that were reported as bizarre and unclassifiable. These cells were discrete in nature and were thought to be hematopoietic in origin. The dog was euthanized due to deterioration of the clinical condition. On postmortem examination, widespread metastasis involving the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and bone marrow was found. Histopathology of the tumor lesions determined 2 distinct malignant populations of liposarcoma and osteosarcoma, consistent with malignant mesenchymoma. However, the possibility of 2 separate neoplastic processes cannot be definitively excluded. This is the first report of bone marrow metastasis of a malignant mesenchymoma in a dog.  相似文献   

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of protein extraction protocols for apple and strawberry fruit suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis     

Zheng Q  Song J  Doncaster K  Rowland E  Byers DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1663-1673

A modified phenol-based protocol and a phenol-free protocol that involves hot SDS extraction followed by TCA precipitation in acetone were qualitatively and quantitatively compared and evaluated on apple peel and strawberry fruit. The phenol protocol resulted in significantly higher protein yields of 2.35 +/- 0.1 and 0.46 +/- 0.06 mg/g of FW from apple and strawberry fruit, respectively, compared to the SDS protocol, which produced 0.74 +/- 0.1 and 0.27 +/- 0.02 mg/g of FW, respectively. 2-DE analysis of apple protein extracts revealed 1422 protein spots associated with the phenol protocol and 849 spots associated with the SDS protocol. Of these, 761 were present only in phenol gels, whereas 23 were exclusive to SDS samples. For strawberry, SDS extraction produced poor-quality spots with a high degree of streaking, indicating possible contamination. The application of a cleanup procedure resulted in a purified protein extract with high-quality spots. 2-DE analysis of strawberry protein extracts revealed 1368 spots for the phenol protocol and 956 spots for the SDS protocol accompanied by the cleanup procedure. Of these, 599 spots were present only in phenol gels, whereas 109 were present only in SDS samples. Spots from each fruit tissue and extraction procedure were selected, and a total of 26 were identified by LC-MS/MS. Overall, this study demonstrates the complexity of protein extraction of fruit tissues and suggests that a phenol-based protein extraction protocol should be used as a standard procedure for recalcitrant fruit tissues, whereas a SDS protocol with or without a cleanup procedure may be used as an alternative protocol.  相似文献   

Reference values: a review     

Anne Geffré  Kristen Friedrichs  Kendal Harr  Didier Concordet  Catherine Trumel  Jean‐Pierre Braun 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):288-298

Abstract: Reference values are used to describe the dispersion of variables in healthy individuals. They are usually reported as population‐based reference intervals (RIs) comprising 95% of the healthy population. International recommendations state the preferred method as a priori nonparametric determination from at least 120 reference individuals, but acceptable alternative methods include transference or validation from previously established RIs. The most critical steps in the determination of reference values are the selection of reference individuals based on extensively documented inclusion and exclusion criteria and the use of quality‐controlled analytical procedures. When only small numbers of values are available, RIs can be estimated by new methods, but reference limits thus obtained may be highly imprecise. These recommendations are a challenge in veterinary clinical pathology, especially when only small numbers of reference individuals are available.  相似文献   

A SUMOylation-dependent transcriptional subprogram is required for Myc-driven tumorigenesis     

Kessler JD  Kahle KT  Sun T  Meerbrey KL  Schlabach MR  Schmitt EM  Skinner SO  Xu Q  Li MZ  Hartman ZC  Rao M  Yu P  Dominguez-Vidana R  Liang AC  Solimini NL  Bernardi RJ  Yu B  Hsu T  Golding I  Luo J  Osborne CK  Creighton CJ  Hilsenbeck SG  Schiff R  Shaw CA  Elledge SJ  Westbrook TF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):348-353

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